The effect of consuming low- versus high-glycemic index meals after exercise on postprandial blood lipid response following a next-day high-fat meal

Our understanding of genetic influences on the response of lipids to specific interventions is limited. In this study, we sought to elucidate effects of rare genetic variants on lipid response to a high-fat meal challenge and fenofibrate (FFB) therapy in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) cohort using an exome-wide sequencing-based association study. Our results showed that the rare coding variants in ITGA7, SIPA1L2, and CEP72 are significantly associated with fasting LDL cholesterol response to FFB (P = 1.24E-07), triglyceride postprandial area under the increase (AUI) (P = 2.31E-06), and triglyceride postprandial AUI response to FFB (P = 1.88E-06), respectively. We sought to replicate the association for SIPA1L2 in the Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study, which included a high-fat meal challenge but not FFB treatment. The associated rare variants in GOLDN were not observed in the HAPI Heart study, and thus the gene-based result was not replicated. For functional validation, we found that gene transcript level of SIPA1L2 is associated with triglyceride postprandial AUI (P < 0.05) in GOLDN. Our study suggests unique genetic mechanisms contributing to the lipid response to the high-fat meal challenge and FFB therapy.

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Evaluation of the Obesity Prevention, Blood Glucose, and Blood Lipid Control of Vietnamese Rice Varieties in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2021/4880603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Thuy Linh Nguyen ◽

Khanh Son Trinh

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

High Fat ◽

Rice Varieties

Five Vietnamese rice varieties, which differ in their basic chemical composition (starch content, amylose content, fiber content) including polished rices and whole grain rices, were chosen for this study. High-fat diet-induced obesity, using these rice, was subjected to in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of body weight gain, caloric intake, postprandial blood glucose level (PBGL), and glycemic index (GI) in tested mice groups. PBGL peaks appeared at 30th minute after eating, and GI of each experimental group was ranked in order as GN > TL > HR > GM > L Đ and GN > LT > HR > L Đ > GM , respectively, in which, brown rice (LĐ) and germinated brown rice (GM) had low GI. Furthermore, these rice varieties caused the lowest LDL cholesterol and the ratio of LDL/HDL cholesterols in mice. In this study, the higher the amylose and fiber contents were, the lower glycemic index, triglycerides, LDL, and LDL/HDL values were. The golden flower glutinous rice (GN), with low amylose and fiber content, gave worse blood lipid parameters than that of GM and LĐ. Histopathological studies of white adipose and liver tissues showed that LĐ and GM significantly reduced the symptoms of obesity and fatty liver compared with the others, especially compared to GN. The results obtained from this study help patients with overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes choose the right rice variety for their daily diet to be able to control their diseases.

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Effects of a high‐fat, low‐ versus high‐glycemic index diet: retardation of insulin resistance involves adipose tissue modulation

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fj.08-117119 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 1092-1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Evert M. Schothorst ◽

Annelies Bunschoten ◽

Patrick Schrauwen ◽

Ronald P. Mensink ◽

Jaap Keijer

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

High Fat ◽

High Glycemic Index

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Effects of high- and low-fat meals on the diurnal response of plasma lipid metabolite concentrations in healthy middle-aged volunteers

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970039 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

pp. 375-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. L. Frape ◽

N. R. Williams ◽

A. J. Scriven ◽

C. R. Palmer ◽

Kathryn O'sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Cholesterol Concentration ◽

High Fat ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Low Fat ◽

Fat Meal

Three experiments were conducted in healthy middle-aged volunteers (six males and six females in Expt 1, six males and two females in Expt 2 and twelve males in Expt 3) with a mean BMI of 27 kg/m2 to determine whether there is a difference between morning and afternoon dietary fat clearance and utilization, and to determine in what way the fat and starch contents of the meal influence postprandial blood lipid metabolites over 4·5 h. Over 4 days in Expt 1 each subject received isoenergetic, high-carbohydrate (L, 5·5 g mixed fat/meal) and moderately high-fat (M, 33 g mixed fat/meal) breakfasts and lunches, in three combinations (LL, MM, LM), or they fasted at breakfast time and received a high fat lunch (NM) in a randomized and balanced arrangement. Each evening a standard meal was given. The following effects were significant (P<0·05): plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) responses were greater following M meals; plasma TAG concentrations were greater in the afternoon than in the morning, following two meals of the same composition, although the postprandial incremental response was less following lunch than following breakfast and peak responses were reached much earlier than after breakfast; a low-fat breakfast, or fasting at breakfast time, delayed the peak TAG response to a M lunch. The plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and of free glycerol were higher in the afternoon following M meals at breakfast and lunch, especially in males. This response was reduced, by the L breakfast preceding the M lunch. Two M meals in succession lowered plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration. In Expt 2 each subject received a very low-fat (VL) breakfast, followed by a lunch of the same composition. Each of these meals was followed, 110 min from the start of eating, by an infusion of Intralipid 10% emulsion at the rate of 1 ml/kg body weight over 60 s. Clearance rates of Intralipid were faster in the afternoon than in the morning (P= 0·024). In Expt 3 twelve subjects were randomly allocated to either treatment MM or LM meal patterns, as given in Expt 1. These were given daily for a period of 17 d, during which the change in fasting plasma TAG concentration was similar in both treatments. On days 1, 16 and 17 responses were measured to the M lunch and to a glucose tolerance test (GTT), conducted 2 h 17 min after lunch. The post-lunch responses confirmed those found in Expt 1; but immediately following the glucose dose there was an abrupt increase in plasma TAG that was greater in treatment LM than in treatment MM (P= 0·025), whereas plasma NEFA concentration decreased rapidly in both treatments at that time (P = 0·00066)

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Postprandial Lipid Response Following a High Fat Meal in Rats Adapted to Dietary Fiber

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/122.2.219 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carol L. Redard ◽

Paul A. Davis ◽

Suzette J. Middleton ◽

Barbara O. Schneeman

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fiber ◽

High Fat ◽

Lipid Response ◽

Postprandial Lipid ◽

Fat Meal

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Adding carbohydrate to a high-fat meal blunts postprandial lipemia in women and reduces meal-derived fatty acids in systemic circulation

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h07-190 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 315-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Nicolas D. Knuth ◽

David B. Remias ◽

Jeffrey F. Horowitz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Postprandial Lipemia ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

High Fat ◽

Men And Women ◽

Fat Meal

The lipemic response to a meal is an important independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding carbohydrate (CHO) to a fat meal on the bioavailability of ingested fat in different blood lipid fractions in men and women. On two separate occasions, 18 healthy adults (9 women, 9 men) ate either a high-fat meal (0.7 grams fat per kilogram) (FAT), or the same meal with added CHO (1 gram CHO per kilogram) (FAT+CHO) in the morning after a 12 h fast. Both meals were supplemented with [13C]-palmitate (25 mg·kg–1). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride (TG), fatty acids, insulin, and glucose were measured in blood samples taken hourly from 0 to 8 h after the meal. In addition, we measured TG concentrations in chylomicron (CHYLO-TG) and in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-TG) fractions. The addition of CHO to the fat meal increased plasma glucose and insulin concentrations identically in men and women. In contrast, adding CHO to the fat meal reduced the plasma TG concentration in the 5 h after the meal in women (average 5 h [TG]: 1.27 ± 0.11 and 1.01 ± 0.09 mmol·L–1; p <0.05), but not in men (1.25 ± 0.23 and 1.24 ± 0.20 mmol·L–1). Despite differences in the lipemic response to the meals between men and women, we found that adding carbohydrate to a fat meal decreased the bioavailability of meal-derived [13C]-palmitate in the systemic fatty acid pool, and decreased the incorporation of [13C]-palmitate into VLDL-TG in both men and women. In summary, adding CHO to a fat meal markedly blunted the plasma TG response in women, but not in men, which may augment the atherogenic potential after each meal in men.

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Genomics of Postprandial Lipidomics in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114000 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4000

Author(s):

Marguerite R. Irvin ◽

May E. Montasser ◽

Tobias Kind ◽

Sili Fan ◽

Dinesh K. Barupal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Chromosome 11 ◽

High Fat ◽

Lipid Lowering Drugs ◽

Lipid Species ◽

Lipid Response ◽

Fat Meal

Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Inter-individual variation in the dietary response to a meal is known to be influenced by genetic factors, yet genes that dictate variation in postprandial lipids are not completely characterized. Genetic studies of the plasma lipidome can help to better understand postprandial metabolism by isolating lipid molecular species which are more closely related to the genome. We measured the plasma lipidome at fasting and 6 h after a standardized high-fat meal in 668 participants from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study (GOLDN) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to (quadrupole) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 413 unique lipids were identified. Heritable and responsive lipid species were examined for association with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on the Affymetrix 6.0 array. The most statistically significant SNP findings were replicated in the Amish Heredity and Phenotype Intervention (HAPI) Heart Study. We further followed up findings from GOLDN with a regional analysis of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpGs) sites measured on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 array. A total of 132 lipids were both responsive to the meal challenge and heritable in the GOLDN study. After correction for multiple testing of 132 lipids (α = 5 × 10−8/132 = 4 × 10−10), no SNP was statistically significantly associated with any lipid response. Four SNPs in the region of a known lipid locus (fatty acid desaturase 1 and 2/FADS1 and FADS2) on chromosome 11 had p < 8.0 × 10−7 for arachidonic acid FA(20:4). Those SNPs replicated in HAPI Heart with p < 3.3 × 10−3. CpGs around the FADS1/2 region were associated with arachidonic acid and the relationship of one SNP was partially mediated by a CpG (p = 0.005). Both SNPs and CpGs from the fatty acid desaturase region on chromosome 11 contribute jointly and independently to the diet response to a high-fat meal.

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