Cellular and metabolic mechanisms of nutrient actions in immune function

AbstractVarious nutrients can change cell structure, cellular metabolism, and cell function which is particularly important for cells of the immune system as nutrient availability is associated with the activation and function of diverse immune subsets. The most important nutrients for immune cell function and fate appear to be glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and vitamin D. This perspective will describe recently published information describing the mechanism of action of prominent nutritional intervention agents where evidence exists as to their action and potency.

Download Full-text

EZH2 function in immune cell development

Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1515/hsz-2019-0436 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 401 (8) ◽

pp. 933-943 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Stephen L. Nutt ◽

Christine Keenan ◽

Michaël Chopin ◽

Rhys S. Allan

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ◽

Current State ◽

Core Components ◽

And Function ◽

Cell Cycle Inhibitors

AbstractThe polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) consists of three core components EZH2, SUZ12 and EED. EZH2 catalyzes the methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3, a modification associated with gene silencing. Through gene duplication higher vertebrate genomes also encode a second partially redundant methyltransferase, EZH1. Within the mammalian immune system most research has concentrated on EZH2 which is expressed predominantly in proliferating cells. EZH2 and other PRC2 components are required for hematopoietic stem cell function and lymphocyte development, at least in part by repressing cell cycle inhibitors. At later stages of immune cell differentiation, EZH2 plays essential roles in humoral and cell-mediated adaptive immunity, as well as the maintenance of immune homeostasis. EZH2 is often overactive in cancers, through both gain-of-function mutations and over-expression, an observation that has led to the development and clinical testing of specific EZH2 inhibitors. Such inhibitors may also be of use in inflammatory and autoimmune settings, as EZH2 inhibition dampens the immune response. Here, we will review the current state of understanding of the roles for EZH2, and PRC2 more generally, in the development and function of the immune system.

Download Full-text

Frontline Science: Concanavalin A‐induced acute hepatitis is attenuated in vitamin D receptor knockout mice with decreased immune cell function

Journal of Leukocyte Biology ◽

10.1002/jlb.3hi0219-048r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 106 (4) ◽

pp. 791-801 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naoki Umeda ◽

Kaori Endo‐Umeda ◽

Hiroyuki Nakashima ◽

Shigeaki Kato ◽

Shuhji Seki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Acute Hepatitis ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Concanavalin A ◽

Knockout Mice ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Immune Cell Function

Download Full-text

N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and immune cell function

Advances in Enzyme Regulation ◽

10.1016/s0065-2571(96)00004-0 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 197-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Philip C. Calder

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Immune Cell Function

Download Full-text

Immunosuppressive Roles of Galectin-1 in the Tumor Microenvironment

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11101398 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1398

Author(s):

Yanyu Huang ◽

Hsiao-Chi Wang ◽

Junwei Zhao ◽

Ming-Heng Wu ◽

Tsung-Chieh Shih

Keyword(s):

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Immune Escape ◽

Immune Surveillance ◽

Human Tumor ◽

Immune Cell Function ◽

Tumor Immune Escape ◽

Cancer Tumor ◽

And Function

Evasion of immune surveillance is an accepted hallmark of tumor progression. The production of immune suppressive mediators by tumor cells is one of the major mechanisms of tumor immune escape. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a pivotal immunosuppressive molecule, is expressed by many types of cancer. Tumor-secreted Gal-1 can bind to glycosylated receptors on immune cells and trigger the suppression of immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the immune evasion of tumors. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the expression and function of Gal-1 in the human tumor microenvironment, as well as therapeutics targeting Gal-1.

Download Full-text

Human Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Maternal–Fetal Interface. Lost Soldiers or Special Forces?

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9122699 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 2699

Author(s):

Caitlin S. DeJong ◽

Nicholas J. Maurice ◽

Stephen A. McCartney ◽

Martin Prlic

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune System ◽

Cell Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Memory T Cells ◽

Critical Role ◽

Immune Cell Function ◽

Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Resident Memory T Cells ◽

Maternal Fetal Interface

The immune system plays a critical role during pregnancy, but the specific mechanisms and immune cell function needed to support pregnancy remain incompletely understood. Despite decades of research efforts, it is still unclear how the immune system maintains tolerance of fetal-derived tissues, which include most cells of the placenta and of course the fetus itself, without forfeiting the ability to protect against harmful infections. T cells recognize antigen in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded proteins, but classical MHC class I and II expression are diminished in fetal-derived cells. Can T cells present at the maternal–fetal interface (MFI) protect these cells from infection? Here we review what is known in regard to tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells at the MFI. We mainly focus on how Trm cells can contribute to protection in the context of the unique features of the MFI, such as limited MHC expression as well as the temporary nature of the MFI, that are not found in other tissues.

Download Full-text