Microdiversity characterizes prevalent phylogenetic clades in the glacier-fed stream microbiome

AbstractGlacier-fed streams (GFSs) are extreme and rapidly vanishing ecosystems, and yet they harbor diverse microbial communities. Although our understanding of the GFS microbiome has recently increased, we do not know which microbial clades are ecologically successful in these ecosystems, nor do we understand potentially underlying mechanisms. Ecologically successful clades should be more prevalent across GFSs compared to other clades, which should be reflected as clade-wise distinctly low phylogenetic turnover. However, methods to assess such patterns are currently missing. Here we developed and applied a novel analytical framework, “phyloscore analysis”, to identify clades with lower spatial phylogenetic turnover than other clades in the sediment microbiome across twenty GFSs in New Zealand. These clades constituted up to 44% and 64% of community α-diversity and abundance, respectively. Furthermore, both their α-diversity and abundance increased as sediment chlorophyll a decreased, corroborating their ecological success in GFS habitats largely devoid of primary production. These clades also contained elevated levels of putative microdiversity than others, which could potentially explain their high prevalence in GFSs. This hitherto unknown microdiversity may be threatened as glaciers shrink, urging towards further genomic and functional exploration of the GFS microbiome.

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PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR FORESTRY IN THE CENTRAL PUMICE REGION

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1971.33.1301 ◽

1971 ◽

pp. 14-17

Author(s):

J. Ure

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Primary Production ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Export Markets ◽

Local Conditions

The region contains half the area of exotic forest in New Zealand and the major industries dependent thereon. Both are expanding rapidly to meet promising export markets. Local conditions are particularly favourable for this form of primary production and continued expansion is expected.

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Black Tea Source, Production, and Consumption: Assessment of Health Risks of Fluoride Intake in New Zealand

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2017/5120504 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Declan T. Waugh ◽

Michael Godfrey ◽

Hardy Limeback ◽

William Potter

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Black Tea ◽

Fluoride Content ◽

The Public ◽

Fluoride Intake ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Tea Infusions ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Consumption Rates ◽

Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode

In countries with fluoridation of public water, it is imperative to determine other dietary sources of fluoride intake to reduce the public health risk of chronic exposure. New Zealand has one of the highest per capita consumption rates of black tea internationally and is one of the few countries to artificially fluoridate public water; yet no information is available to consumers on the fluoride levels in tea products. In this study, we determined the contribution of black tea as a source of dietary fluoride intake by measuring the fluoride content in 18 brands of commercially available products in New Zealand. Fluoride concentrations were measured by potentiometric method with a fluoride ion-selective electrode and the contribution of black tea to Adequate Intake (AI) and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) was calculated for a range of consumption scenarios. We examined factors that influence the fluoride content in manufactured tea and tea infusions, as well as temporal changes in fluoride exposure from black tea. We review the international evidence regarding chronic fluoride intake and its association with chronic pain, arthritic disease, and musculoskeletal disorders and provide insights into possible association between fluoride intake and the high prevalence of these disorders in New Zealand.

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Water Soil Miscellaneous Publication No. 59, Shelter Research Needs in Relation to Primary Production: The Report of the National Shelter Working Party J.W. Sturrock (Editor). National Water and Soil Conservation Organisation, P.O. Box 12-041, Wellington, New Zealand, 1984 pp. 112, $10.00. ISBN 0110-4705

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/0167-8809(86)90080-0 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

P VANEIMERN

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Primary Production ◽

Soil Conservation ◽

Working Party ◽

Research Needs ◽

Water And Soil Conservation ◽

National Water

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Temporally selective modification of the tomato rhizosphere and root microbiome by a dacitic tuff breccia (volcanic ash) containing minerals and trace elements.

10.31220/agrirxiv.2021.00105 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elijah C. Mehlferber ◽

Kent F. McCue ◽

Jon E. Ferrel ◽

Britt Koskella ◽

Rajnish Khanna

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Growth Stress ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Nutrient Environment ◽

Ash Deposit ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Functional Pathway

Abstract Food crops are grown with fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (macronutrients), along with magnesium, calcium, boron, and zinc (micronutrients) at different ratios during their cultivation. Soil and plant associated microbes have been implicated to promote plant growth, stress tolerance, and productivity. However, the high degree of variability across agricultural environments makes it difficult to assess the possible influences of nutrient fertilizers on these microbial communities. Uncovering the underlying mechanisms could lead us to achieving consistently improved food quality and productivity with minimal environmental impacts. For this purpose, we tested a commercially available fertilizer (surface-mined 38-million-year-old volcanic ash deposit AZOMITE®), applied as a supplement to the normal fertilizer program to tomato plants grown in the greenhouse. We examined its impact on the composition of below-ground microbial communities, focusing on those members we identified as "core taxa" that were enriched in the rhizosphere and root endosphere compared to bulk soil, and appeared above their predicted neutral distribution levels in control and treated samples. This analysis revealed that Azomite had little effect on soil or rhizosphere microbial composition overall, but it had a significant, temporally selective influence on the rhizosphere and root associated core taxa. Changes in the composition of the core taxa were correlated to associated functional pathway enrichment of carbohydrate metabolism over shorter chain carbon metabolism, suggesting a conversion of available microbial nutrient source within the roots. This finding exemplifies how the nutrient environment can specifically alter the functional capacity of root-associated bacterial taxa, with potential to improve crop productivity.

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Skin Microbiome in Patients with Hand Eczema and Healthy Controls: A Three-week Prospective Study

Acta Dermato Venereologica ◽

10.2340/actadv.v101.845 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Line Brok Nørreslet ◽

Berit Lilje ◽

Anna Cäcilia Ingham ◽

Sofie Marie Edslev ◽

Maja-Lisa Clausen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Hand Eczema ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Chronic Hand Eczema ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

The pathogenesis of chronic hand eczema remains unclear. Insights into the skin microbiome in hand eczema and its potential relevance to disease severity may help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of hand eczema. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiome in patients with hand eczema and healthy controls. A 5-visit prospective study was conducted over a period of 3 weeks. At each visit, bacterial swabs were taken from the hands of patients with hand eczema and controls. The microbiome was examined using DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V3–V4 regions). Fifty patients with hand eczema and 50 controls were included (follow-up rate=100%). The baseline bacterial α-diversity was reduced on the hands of patients with hand eczema compared with controls (effect size=–0.31; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) –0.50; –0.11; p = 0.003). The dysbiosis on the patients’ hands was stable over the study period, was associated with disease severity, and was characterized by reduced bacterial diversity and different bacterial community compositions.

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Faecal Microbiota of Forage-Fed Horses in New Zealand and the Population Dynamics of Microbial Communities following Dietary Change

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0112846 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. e112846 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Karlette A. Fernandes ◽

Sandra Kittelmann ◽

Christopher W. Rogers ◽

Erica K. Gee ◽

Charlotte F. Bolwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

New Zealand ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Dietary Change ◽

Faecal Microbiota

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INSECTS INFESTING PASTURES IN NEW ZEALAND

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1949.11.926 ◽

1949 ◽

pp. 241-252

Author(s):

L.J. Dumbleton

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Primary Production ◽

Pest Species ◽

Relative Importance

Grassland farming is the basis of our primary production and insetit pests constitute one of the factors which limit or decrease that production. A survey of the relative importance of different pest species and of the means available for their control should serve a useful purpose. Such a stocktaking will help in comparing the pasture pest situation in New Zealand with that in other countries, and in indicating some of the overseas pests whose accidental establishment in New Zealand could be potentially very serious.

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Microbiota community assembly in wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) in response to drought stress shows phylogenetic conservation, stochasticity, and aboveground-belowground patterns

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40339/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

xia ding ◽

Xiaojue Peng ◽

Zhichao Chen ◽

Yingjie Li ◽

Lihui Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Community Assembly ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Oryza Longistaminata ◽

Network Properties ◽

Microbiome Assembly

Abstract Background Drought is a global environmental stress that limits crop yields. Microbial communities control many biogeochemical processes, and a predictive understanding of how crop microbial communities assemble in response to drought stress is central to addressing the challenges caused by drought. Little is known about the microbiome assembly processes in rice-ecosystems, particularly with regard to their environmental adaptation. Wild rice may serve as a source of superior drought tolerance candidate for rice breeding. There is an urgent need to explore wild rice resistance mechanisms to drought stress. Here, we evaluated the effect of drought stress on the microbial community recruitment and assembly in the endosphere (leaf, stem, and root) and rhizosphere of Oryza longistaminata. Results Species replacement was the dominant process shaping microbial community composition under drought stress. O. longistaminata recruited the phyla Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, the genus Streptomyces, and phototrophic prokaryotes to improve its fitness. The host exerted strong effects on microbiome assembly, and the responses of the microbial community structure to the drought environment showed above- and belowground patterns. Drought reduced taxonomic α-diversity and destabilized co-occurrence network properties in the leaves and stems, but not in the roots and rhizosphere. Drought promoted the restructuring and strengthening of belowground network links to more strongly interconnect network properties. The drought response of the microbiome was phylogenetically conserved. Stochastic (neutral) processes acted on microbial community reassembly in response to drought stress across all four compartments. Conclusions Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms through which drought alters microbial community assembly in drought-tolerant wild rice and reveal a potential strategy for manipulating plant microbiomes to improve crop fitness.

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