scholarly journals Forest tree growth is linked to mycorrhizal fungal composition and function across Europe

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Anthony ◽  
Thomas W. Crowther ◽  
Sietse van der Linde ◽  
Laura M. Suz ◽  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Exploration Types ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
And Function

AbstractMost trees form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) which influence access to growth-limiting soil resources. Mesocosm experiments repeatedly show that EMF species differentially affect plant development, yet whether these effects ripple up to influence the growth of entire forests remains unknown. Here we tested the effects of EMF composition and functional genes relative to variation in well-known drivers of tree growth by combining paired molecular EMF surveys with high-resolution forest inventory data across 15 European countries. We show that EMF composition was linked to a three-fold difference in tree growth rate even when controlling for the primary abiotic drivers of tree growth. Fast tree growth was associated with EMF communities harboring high inorganic but low organic nitrogen acquisition gene proportions and EMF which form contact versus medium-distance fringe exploration types. These findings suggest that EMF composition is a strong bio-indicator of underlying drivers of tree growth and/or that variation of forest EMF communities causes differences in tree growth. While it may be too early to assign causality or directionality, our study is one of the first to link fine-scale variation within a key component of the forest microbiome to ecosystem functioning at a continental scale.

scholarly journals The role of extreme rain events in driving tree growth across a continental‐scale climatic range in Australia

Ecography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. O'Donnell ◽  
Michael Renton ◽  
Kathryn J. Allen ◽  
Pauline F. Grierson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Extreme Rain ◽  
Climatic Range ◽  
Rain Events

Disentangling the role of competition, light interception, and functional traits in tree growth rate variation in South Asian tropical moist forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 118908
Author(s):  
Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Masum Billah ◽  
Md Obydur Rahman ◽  
Debit Datta ◽  
Muhammad Ahsanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Tree Growth Rate

scholarly journals Effect of Alumina and Halloysite clay on Electrical tree growth in Silicone Rubber Nanocomposite

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Undoped Material ◽  
Electrical Tree ◽  
Nano Alumina ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Insulation Breakdown

Nowadays Silicone Rubber (SiR) is recommended in high voltage cable accessories fabrication as it offers excellent electrical and mechanical properties. Electrical tree is one of the phenomenon which contributes to the main factor of SiR insulation breakdown. Recently, a new approach has been applied in order to enhance the insulation strength properties by introducing nano filler in undoped material. Thus, this paper presents the influence of nano-alumina and halloysite nanoclay on electrical tree growth in SiR at 0, 1 vol%, 2 vol% and 3 vol% concentration. The electrical tree growth was investigated at 8kVrms after tree inception voltage (TIV) within 30 minutes under room temperature. The results show reductions of electrical tree growth speed and accumulate damage (%) up to 2 vol% nano-alumina and up to 3 vol% halloysite nanoclay. Nevertheless the presence of 3 vol% nano-alumina in SiR leads to the faster electrical tree growth rate and the worst accumulate damage within 1 minute of electrical tree growth process.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal composition and function predict tree growth across Europe 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Anthony ◽  
Thomas Crowther ◽  
Sietse van der Linde ◽  
Laura Suz ◽  
Martin Bidartondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Forest Inventory ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
Forest Inventory Data ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community ◽  
Slow Growing

<p>Ectomycorrhizal fungi are central members of the forest fungal community, forming symbiosis with most trees in temperate and boreal forests, enhancing plant access to limiting soil nutrients. Decades of greenhouse studies have shown that specific mycorrhizal fungi enhance tree seedlings growth and nutrient uptake rates, and that these effects are sustained when seedlings are out-planted into regenerating forests. Whether these relationships scale up to affect the growth of mature trees and entire forests harboring diverse fungal communities remains unknown. In this study, we combined a continental set of European forest inventory data from the ICP forest network with molecular ectomycorrhizal fungal community surveys to identify features of the mycorrhizal mycobiome linked to forest productivity. We found that ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition was a key predictor of tree growth, and this effect was robust to statistically accounting for climate, nitrogen deposition, soil inorganic nitrogen availability, soil pH, and forest stand characteristics. Furthermore, ectomycorrhizal fungi with greater genomic investment in energy production and inorganic nitrogen metabolism, but lower investment in organic nitrogen acquisition, were linked to faster tree growth. Lastly, we sampled soils from fast and slow growing forests and introduced their microbiomes into a sterilized growth medium to experimentally isolate microbiome effects on tree development. Consistent with our observational analysis, tree seedling growth was accelerated when inoculated with microbiomes from fast vs. slow growing forests.  By linking molecular community surveys and long-term forest inventory data in the field, and then pairing this with a microbiome manipulation study under controlled conditions, this work demonstrates an emerging link between the forest microbiome and dominant European tree growth rates.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of selective logging on tropical forest tree growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 113 (G1) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaine Michela e S. Figueira ◽  
Scott D. Miller ◽  
Cleilim Albert D. de Sousa ◽  
Mary C. Menton ◽  
Augusto R. Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Selective Logging

scholarly journals Plant Genotype Influences Physicochemical Properties of Substrate as Well as Bacterial and Fungal Assemblages in the Rhizosphere of Balsam Poplar

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karelle Rheault ◽  
Denis Lachance ◽  
Marie-Josée Morency ◽  
Évelyne Thiffault ◽  
Marie Guittonny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Plant Genotype ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
The Impact

Abandoned unrestored mines are an important environmental concern as they typically remain unvegetated for decades, exposing vast amounts of mine waste to erosion. Several factors limit the revegetation of these sites, including extreme abiotic and unfavorable biotic conditions. However, some pioneer tree species having high levels of genetic diversity, such as balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), can naturally colonize these sites and initiate plant succession. This suggests that some tree genotypes are likely more suited for acclimation to the conditions of mine wastes. In this study, we selected two contrasting mine waste storage facilities (waste rock from a gold mine and tailings from a molybdenum mine) from the Abitibi region of Quebec (Canada), on which poplars were found to have grown naturally. First, we assessed in situ the impact of vegetation presence on each mine waste type. The presence of balsam poplars improved soil health locally by modifying the physicochemical properties (e.g., higher nutrient content and pH) of the mine wastes and causing an important shift in their bacterial and fungal community compositions, going from lithotrophic communities that dominate mine waste environments to heterotrophic communities involved in nutrient cycling. Next, in a greenhouse experiment we assessed the impact of plant genotype when grown in these mine wastes. Ten genotypes of P. balsamifera were collected locally, found growing either at the mine sites or in the surrounding natural forest. Tree growth was monitored over two growing seasons, after which the effects of genotype-by-environment interactions were assessed by measuring the physicochemical properties of the substrates and the changes in microbial community assembly. Although substrate type was identified as the main driver of rhizosphere microbiome diversity and community structure, a significant effect due to tree genotype was also detected, particularly for bacterial communities. Plant genotype also influenced aboveground tree growth and the physicochemical properties of the substrates. These results highlight the influence of balsam poplar genotype on the soil environment and the potential importance of tree genotype selection in the context of mine waste revegetation.

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