scholarly journals Outcomes of phacoemulsification and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation performed with dual blade ab interno trabeculectomy or trabecular micro-bypass stent insertion

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Klug ◽  
Marika Chachanidze ◽  
Abraham Nirappel ◽  
Enchi K. Chang ◽  
Nathan Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stent Insertion ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Ab Interno Trabeculectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ab Interno

Abstract Background/Objective To report the initial outcomes of phacoemulsification, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, and dual blade ab interno trabeculectomy (PEcK), and compare them to those of phacoemulsification, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation, and trabecular micro-bypass stent insertion (ICE-1). Subjects/Methods Patients from January 2018 to December 2019 that underwent PEcK or ICE-1 at a tertiary referral centre were included in this retrospective comparative case series. Patients were excluded if they had additional concomitant procedures, less than 6 weeks (42 days) of follow-up or were not at least 18 years old. Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and best-corrected visual acuity were collected preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards regression were conducted to elucidate any factors associated with survival time. Results The mean preoperative IOP was 18.3 ± 5.9 mmHg in the PEcK group (53 eyes) and 14.7 ± 4.3 mmHg in the ICE-1 group (23 eyes) (p = 0.004) on 3.3 ± 1.3 and 1.7 ± 0.93 glaucoma medications (p < 0.001), respectively. Twelve months postoperatively the mean IOP reduction was 5.1 ± 4.4 mmHg and 2.3 ± 4.0 mmHg (p = 0.08), and the mean medication reduction was 1.6 ± 1.5 and 0.97 ± 0.66 (p = 0.10), in the PEcK and ICE-1 groups, respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis did not reveal any differences in treatment survival. Conclusions Both PEcK and ICE-1 provide clinically relevant reductions in IOP and glaucoma medication burden, however the PEcK procedure may confer greater reductions in IOP. The procedures did not differ with regard to Kaplan–Meier survival probability.

scholarly journals Comparison of Efficacy between 120° and 180° Schlemm’s Canal Incision Microhook Ab Interno Trabeculotomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3181
Author(s):  
Naoki Okada ◽  
Kazuyuki Hirooka ◽  
Hiromitsu Onoe ◽  
Yumiko Murakami ◽  
Hideaki Okumichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Schlemm’S Canal ◽  
Schlemm's Canal ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ab Interno

We compared surgical outcomes in patients with either primary open-angle glaucoma or exfoliation glaucoma after undergoing combined phacoemulsification with either a 120° or 180° incision during a Schlemm’s canal microhook ab interno trabeculotomy (μLOT-Phaco). This retrospective comparative case series examined 52 μLOT-Phaco eyes that underwent surgery between September 2017 and December 2020. Surgical qualified success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of ≤20 mmHg, ≥20% IOP reduction with IOP-lowering medications, and no additional glaucoma surgery. Success rates were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The number of postoperative IOP-lowering medications and occurrence of complications were also assessed. Mean preoperative IOP in the 120° group was 16.9 ± 7.6 mmHg, which significantly decreased to 10.9 ± 2.7 mmHg (p < 0.01) and 11.1 ± 3.1 mmHg (p = 0.01) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The mean number of preoperative IOP-lowering medications significantly decreased from 2.8 ± 1.4 to 1.4 ± 1.4 (p < 0.01) at 24 months. Mean preoperative IOP in the 180° group was 17.1 ± 7.0 mmHg, which significantly decreased to 12.1 ± 3.2 mmHg (p = 0.02) and 12.9 ± 1.4 mmHg (p = 0.01) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. The mean number of preoperative IOP-lowering medications significantly decreased from 2.9 ± 1.2 to 1.4 ± 1.5 (p < 0.01) at 24 months. The probability of qualified success at 24 months in the 120° and 180° groups was 50.4% and 54.6%, respectively (p = 0.58). There was no difference observed for hyphema formation or IOP spikes. Surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the 120° and 180° incisions in Schlemm’s canal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Changes on World Stock Exchanges in Connection with the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Survival Analysis Methods

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Beata Bieszk-Stolorz ◽  
Krzysztof Dmytrów
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Kaplan Meier

The aim of our research was to compare the intensity of decline and then increase in the value of basic stock indices during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The survival analysis methods used to assess the risk of decline and chance of rise of the indices were: Kaplan–Meier estimator, logit model, and the Cox proportional hazards model. We observed the highest intensity of decline in the European stock exchanges, followed by the American and Asian plus Australian ones (after the fourth and eighth week since the peak). The highest risk of decline was in America, then in Europe, followed by Asia and Australia. The lowest risk was in Africa. The intensity of increase was the highest in the fourth and eleventh week since the minimal value had been reached. The highest odds of increase were in the American stock exchanges, followed by the European and Asian (including Australia and Oceania), and the lowest in the African ones. The odds and intensity of increase in the stock exchange indices varied from continent to continent. The increase was faster than the initial decline.

scholarly journals Effect of body mass index on vertebral and hip fractures in older people and differences according to sex: a retrospective Japanese cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e049157
Author(s):  
Kyohei Shiomoto ◽  
Akira Babazono ◽  
Yumi Harano ◽  
Takako Fujita ◽  
Peng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of vertebral and hip fractures in the older people and to clarify the relationship between these fractures and body mass index (BMI) along with the impact of sex differences.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.SettingWe used administrative claims data between April 2010 and March 2018.ParticipantsOlder people aged ≥75 years who underwent health examinations in 2010 and were living in the Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan were included in the study. A total of 24 691 participants were included; the mean age was 79.4±4.3 years, 10 853 males and 13 838 females, and an the mean duration of observation was 6.9±1.6 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated the incidence of vertebral and hip fractures by BMI category (underweight: <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2, overweight and obese: ≥25.0 kg/m2) using a Kaplan-Meier curve in males and females and determined fracture risk by sex using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses.ResultsThe incidence of vertebral and hip fractures was 16.8% and 6.5%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of vertebral and hip fracture at the last observation (8 years) in each BMI groups (underweight/normal weight/overweight and obese) estimated using the Kaplan-Meier curve was 14.7%/10.4%/9.0% in males and 24.9%/23.0%/21.9% in females, and 6.3%/2.9%/2.4% in males and 14.1%/9.0%/8.1% in females, respectively, and both fractures were significantly higher in underweight groups regardless of sex. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models showed that underweight was a significant risk factor only in males for vertebral fractures and in both males and females for hip fractures.ConclusionUnderweight was associated with fractures in the ageing population, but there was a sex difference in the effect for vertebral fractures.

More II It than Meets the Eye: Outcomes After Single-Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery in a Case Series of Low-Grade Arteriovenous Malformations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Graffeo ◽  
Michael J Link ◽  
Scott L Stafford ◽  
Yolanda I Garces ◽  
Robert L Foote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Single Fraction ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Martin Grade

Abstract BACKGROUND Surgical resection is typically cited as the optimal treatment of patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II arteriovenous malformation (AVM). OBJECTIVE To report our experience with single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II AVM. METHODS A prospectively maintained registry was reviewed for patients with nonsyndromic Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II AVM having SRS from 1990 to 2011. Patients with <24 mo of follow-up or prior radiotherapy/SRS were excluded, resulting in a study population of 173 patients. Actuarial analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards modeling was performed with excellent outcomes (obliteration without new deficits) as the dependent variable. RESULTS Median post-SRS follow-up was 68 mo (range, 24-275). AVM obliteration was achieved in 132 (76%) after initial SRS. Eleven additional patients achieved obliteration after repeat SRS for an overall obliteration rate of 83%. The rate of obliteration was 60% at 4 yr and 78% at 8 yr. Post-SRS hemorrhage occurred in 7 patients (4%), resulting in 3 minor deficits (2%) and 1 death (<1%). Radiation-induced complications occurred in 5 patients (3%), resulting in minor deficits only. One hundred and thirty-seven patients (79%) had excellent outcomes at last follow-up. CONCLUSION SRS is a safe and effective treatment for patients with Spetzler-Martin Grade I-II AVM. Selection bias is likely a contributing factor to explain the superior outcomes generally noted in reported series of microsurgery for patients with low grade AVM.

scholarly journals Calculation of the age of the first infection for skin sores and scabies in five remote communities in northern Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1194-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Lydeamore ◽  
P. T. Campbell ◽  
W. Cuningham ◽  
R. M. Andrews ◽  
T. Kearns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Aboriginal Communities ◽  
Force Of Infection ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Exponential Mixture ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

AbstractPrevalence of skin sores and scabies in remote Australian Aboriginal communities remains unacceptably high, with Group AStreptococcus(GAS) the dominant pathogen. We aim to better understand the drivers of GAS transmission using mathematical models. To estimate the force of infection, we quantified the age of first skin sores and scabies infection by pooling historical data from three studies conducted across five remote Aboriginal communities for children born between 2001 and 2005. We estimated the age of the first infection using the Kaplan–Meier estimator; parametric exponential mixture model; and Cox proportional hazards. For skin sores, the mean age of the first infection was approximately 10 months and the median was 7 months, with some heterogeneity in median observed by the community. For scabies, the mean age of the first infection was approximately 9 months and the median was 8 months, with significant heterogeneity by the community and an enhanced risk for children born between October and December. The young age of the first infection with skin sores and scabies reflects the high disease burden in these communities.

scholarly journals A novel long non-coding RNA, AC012456.4, as a valuable and independent prognostic biomarker of survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuegang Hu ◽  
Zailing Qiu ◽  
Jianchai Zeng ◽  
Tingting Xiao ◽  
Zhihong Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major malignant cancer of the head and neck. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators during the development and progression of cancers. This study aimed to identify a lncRNA-related signature with prognostic value for evaluating survival outcomes and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of OSCC. Associations between overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and candidate lncRNAs were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. The robustness of the prognostic significance was shown via the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 2,493 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between OSCC and control samples (fold change >2, p < 0.05). We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to identify 21 lncRNAs for which the expression levels were associated with OS and DFS of OSCC patients (p < 0.05) and found that down-expression of lncRNA AC012456.4 especially contributed to poor DFS (p = 0.00828) and OS (p = 0.00987). Furthermore, decreased expression of AC012456.4 was identified as an independent prognostic risk factor through multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses (DFS: p = 0.004, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.600, 95% confidence interval(CI) [0.423–0.851]; OS: p = 0.002, HR = 0.672, 95% CI [0.523–0.863). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that lncRNA AC012456.4 were significantly enriched in critical biological functions and pathways and was correlated with tumorigenesis, such as regulation of cell activation, and the JAK-STAT and MAPK signal pathway. Overall, these findings were the first to evidence that AC012456.4 may be an important novel molecular target with great clinical value as a diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effect of Crown Vertical Position on Individual Tree Competition: Total Overlap Index and Its Application in Sustainable Forest Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7498
Author(s):  
Boheng Wang ◽  
Yuankun Bu ◽  
Guanhu Tao ◽  
Chenran Yan ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Competition Group

Competition is an essential driving factor that influences forest community sustainability, yet measuring it poses several challenges. To date, the Competition Index (CI) has generally been the tool of choice for quantifying actual competition. In this study, we proposed using the Total Overlap Index (TOI), a CI in which the Area Overlap (AO) index has been adapted and modified to consider the “shading” and “crowding” effects in the vertical dimension. Next, based on six mixed forest plots in Xiaolong Mountain, Gansu, China, we assessed the results to determine the TOI’s evaluation capability. Individual-tree simulation results showed that compared to the modified Area Overlap index (AOM), the TOI has superior quantification capability in the vertical direction. The results of the basal area increment (BAI) model showed that the TOI offers the best evaluation capability among the four considered CIs in mixed forest (with Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of 1041.60 and log-likelihood (LL) of −511.80 in the model fitting test, mean relative error of −28.67%, mean absolute percent error of 117.11%, and root mean square error of 0.7993 in cross-validation). Finally, the TOI was applied in the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazards analysis. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a significant difference between the low- (consisting of trees with the TOI lower than 1) and high-competition (consisting of trees with the TOI higher than 1) groups’ survival and hazard curves. Moreover, the results of the Cox proportional-hazards analysis exhibited that the trees in the low-competition group only suffered 34.29% of the hazard risk that trees in the high-competition group suffered. Overall, the TOI expresses more dimensional information than other CIs and appears to be an effective competition index for evaluating individual tree competition. Thus, the competition status quantified using this method may provide new information to guide policy- and decision-makers in sustainable forest management planning projects.

scholarly journals High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cao ◽  
Xiaosheng Liu ◽  
Ke Hong ◽  
Zhiyong Ma ◽  
Yuelun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Intravenous Immunoglobulin ◽  
Standard Therapy ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
High Dose Ivig

BackgroundThe effective treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. We reported successful use of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in cases of severe COVID-19, but evidence from larger case series is still lacking.MethodsA multi-center retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of IVIg administered within two weeks of disease onset at a total dose of 2 g/kg body weight, in addition to standard care. The primary endpoint was 28-day mortality. Efficacy of high-dose IVIg was assessed by using the Cox proportional hazards regression model and the Kaplan-Meier curve adjusted by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis, and IPTW after multiple imputation (MI) analysis.ResultsOverall, 26 patients who received high-dose IVIg with standard therapy and 89 patients who received standard therapy only were enrolled in this study. The IVIg group was associated with a lower 28-day mortality rate and less time to normalization of inflammatory markers including IL-6, IL-10, and ferritin compared with the control. The adjusted HR of 28-day mortality in high-dose IVIg group was 0.24 (95% CI 0.06–0.99, p&lt;0.001) in IPTW model, and 0.27 (95% CI 0.10–0.57, p=0.031) in IPTW-MI model. In subgroup analysis, patients with no comorbidities or treated in the first week of disease were associated with more benefit from high-dose IVIg.ConclusionsHigh-dose IVIg administered in severe COVID-19 patients within 14 days of onset was linked to reduced 28-day mortality, more prominent with those having no comorbidities or treated at earlier stage.

scholarly journals RTNsurvival: an R/Bioconductor package for regulatory network survival analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 4488-4489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarice S Groeneveld ◽  
Vinicius S Chagas ◽  
Steven J M Jones ◽  
A Gordon Robertson ◽  
Bruce A J Ponder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Bioconductor Package ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Abstract Motivation Transcriptional networks are models that allow the biological state of cells or tumours to be described. Such networks consist of connected regulatory units known as regulons, each comprised of a regulator and its targets. Inferring a transcriptional network can be a helpful initial step in characterizing the different phenotypes within a cohort. While the network itself provides no information on molecular differences between samples, the per-sample state of each regulon, i.e. the regulon activity, can be used for describing subtypes in a cohort. Integrating regulon activities with clinical data and outcomes would extend this characterization of differences between subtypes. Results We describe RTNsurvival, an R/Bioconductor package that calculates regulon activity profiles using transcriptional networks reconstructed by the RTN package, gene expression data, and a two-tailed Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Given regulon activity profiles across a cohort, RTNsurvival can perform Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox Proportional Hazards regressions, while also considering confounding variables. The Supplementary Information provides two case studies that use data from breast and liver cancer cohorts and features uni- and multivariate regulon survival analysis. Availability and implementation RTNsurvival is written in the R language, and is available from the Bioconductor project at http://bioconductor.org/packages/RTNsurvival/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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