scholarly journals R2R3-MYB transcription factors, StmiR858 and sucrose mediate potato flavonol biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Lin ◽  
Rajesh K. Singh ◽  
Moehninsi ◽  
Duroy A. Navarre
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
R2r3 Myb ◽  
R2r3 Myb Transcription Factors

AbstractFlavonols and other phenylpropanoids protect plants from biotic and abiotic stress and are dietarily desirable because of their health-promoting properties. The ability to develop new potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with optimal types and amounts of phenylpropanoids is limited by lack of knowledge about the regulatory mechanisms. Exogenous sucrose increased flavonols, whereas overexpression of the MYB StAN1 induced sucrolytic gene expression. Heterologous StAN1 protein bound promoter fragments from sucrolytic genes (SUSY1 and INV1). Two additional MYBs and one microRNA were identified that regulated potato flavonols. Overexpression analysis showed MYB12A and C increased amounts of flavonols and other phenylpropanoids. Endogenous flavonol amounts in light-exposed organs were much higher those in the dark. Expression levels of StMYB12A and C were high in flowers but low in tubers. Transient overexpression of miR858 altered potato flavonol metabolism. Endogenous StmiR858 expression was much lower in flowers than leaves and correlated with flavonol amounts in these organs. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that sucrose, MYBs, and miRNA control potato phenylpropanoid metabolism in a finely tuned manner that includes a feedback loop between sucrose and StAN1. These findings will aid in the development of potatoes with phenylpropanoid profiles optimized for crop performance and human health.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based identification and validation of optimal reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR normalization in Psathyrostachys huashanica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Shen ◽  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
Caiyan Wei ◽  
Xudong Zhang ◽  
Yunfeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Psathyrostachys Huashanica ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme

Abstract Background: P. huashanica ( Psathyrostachys huashanica ), known as an important resistance resource reservoir, is a rare and endangered plant growing suitably in Huashan mount region and would be urgently exploited in wheat genetic improvements sooner. During the utilization process, different IRGs (internal reference genes) need to be appropriately selected as standards based on biotic and abiotic stress conditions. It is crucial that Real-time RT-qPCR with combination of bioinformatics were adopted to explore the reliable IRGs from transcriptome of P . huashanica.Results: The present work reported new 3 species of IRGs, UBC2 , UBC17, 18S rRNA , which were screened from transcriptome of P. huashanica under biotic and abiotic stress conditions, using RT-qPCR and four algorithms, including geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and RefFinder, to analyse expression of sixteen candidate reference genes. These genes appear as following 18S rRNA (18S ribosomal RNA), EF1-α (eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha), UBC2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-2), UBC17 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-17), α-TUB2A (alpha tubulin-2A), β-TUB3 (beta tubulin 3), ADF4 (Actin-depolymerising factor 4), ACTIN (actin), GAPDH (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), 60SARP (60S acidic ribosomal protein), UBQ (polyubiquitin), SamDC (S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase), EIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A), ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor), HIS1 (histone H1), and HIS2B (histone H2B). Analysis of gene expression demonstrated that the expression of UBC2 gene was most stable under ABA hormone stress, low temperature stress and high temperature stress, similarly, UBC17 gene under IAA hormone stress, salinity stress and drought stress, both UBC17 genes and 18S rRNA genes under abiotic and biotic stress, respectively. The most stable gene was UBC2 gene in the root, UBC17 gene in stem and leaf. In this study, α-TUB2A , UBC and ACTIN genes were verified as the suitable reference genes across all tested samples. To further validate the suitability of the selected reference genes, we evaluated the relative expression of PsaCPK3 (Calcium-dependent protein kinase) and PsaHSP70-1 (heat shock protein 70-1), which are stress-related genes that may be involved in response to adversity.Conclusions: This study has identified a set of the most stable IRGs suiting for RT-qPCR detection of a few target gene expressions from P . huashanica in different experimental conditions. In addition, this study should provide the accuracy information for gene expression analysis in P . huashanica .

Increased growth in sunflower correlates with reduced defences and altered gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 4683-4694 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAYA MAYROSE ◽  
NOLAN C. KANE ◽  
ITAY MAYROSE ◽  
KATRINA M. DLUGOSCH ◽  
LOREN H. RIESEBERG
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene

scholarly journals Identification of Suitable Reference Genes for Expression Studies in Pomegranate Under Different Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puspha Doddaraju ◽  
Pavan Kumar ◽  
Mahesh S Dashyal ◽  
Manjunath Girigowda
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Reference Gene ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Candidate Reference Gene ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Expression Studies

Abstract Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an important economic fruit crop, facing many biotic and abiotic challenges during cultivation. Several research programs are in progress to understand both biotic and abiotic stress factors and mitigate these challenges using gene expression studies based on the qPCR approach. However, research publications are not available yet to select the standard reference gene for normalizing target gene expression values in pomegranate. The most suitable candidate reference gene is required to ensure precise and reliable results for qPCR analysis. In the current research, eight candidate reference genes' stability was evaluated under different stress conditions using different algorithms such as ∆Ct, geNorm, BestKeeper, NormFinder and RefFinder. The various algorithms revealed that EFA1 and 18S rRNA were common and most stable reference genes (RGs) under abiotic and wilt stress. Whereas comprehensive ranking by RefFinder showed GAPDH and CYPF were the most stable RGs under combined biotic (pooled samples of all biotic stress) and bacterial blight samples. The two most stable reference genes are adequate for normalizing target gene expression under wilt, nematode, bacterial blight and abiotic stress conditions using qPCR. The above data provide comprehensive details for the selection of a candidate reference gene in various stresses in pomegranate

tiRNAs & tRFs Biogenesis and Regulation of Diseases: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (31) ◽  
pp. 5849-5861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Jiang ◽  
Feng Yan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Reverse Transcriptases ◽  
Dna Damage Responses ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Viral Reverse Transcriptases

tiRNAs & tRFs are a class of small molecular noncoding tRNA derived from precise processing of mature or precursor tRNAs. Most tiRNAs & tRFs described originate from nucleus-encoded tRNAs, and only a few tiRNAs and tRFs have been reported. They have been suggested to play important roles in inhibiting protein synthesis, regulating gene expression, priming viral reverse transcriptases, and the modulation of DNA damage responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms and potential function of tiRNAs & tRFs remain poorly understood. This review aims to describe tiRNAs & tRFs, including their structure, biological functions and subcellular localization. The regulatory roles of tiRNAs & tRFs in translation, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, viral infections, and carcinogenesis are also discussed in detail. Finally, the potential applications of these noncoding tRNAs as biomarkers and gene regulators in different diseases is also highlighted.

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