scholarly journals Vegetation forcing modulates global land monsoon and water resources in a CO2-enriched climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangpeng Cui ◽  
Shilong Piao ◽  
Chris Huntingford ◽  
Xuhui Wang ◽  
Xu Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Global Monsoon ◽  
Circulation Change ◽  
Vegetation Feedbacks ◽  
North And South America

Abstract The global monsoon is characterised by transitions between pronounced dry and wet seasons, affecting food security for two-thirds of the world’s population. Rising atmospheric CO2 influences the terrestrial hydrological cycle through climate-radiative and vegetation-physiological forcings. How these two forcings affect the seasonal intensity and characteristics of monsoonal precipitation and runoff is poorly understood. Here we use four Earth System Models to show that in a CO2-enriched climate, radiative forcing changes drive annual precipitation increases for most monsoon regions. Further, vegetation feedbacks substantially affect annual precipitation in North and South America and Australia monsoon regions. In the dry season, runoff increases over most monsoon regions, due to stomatal closure-driven evapotranspiration reductions and associated atmospheric circulation change. Our results imply that flood risks may amplify in the wet season. However, the lengthening of the monsoon rainfall season and reduced evapotranspiration will shorten the water resources scarcity period for most monsoon regions.

scholarly journals Land cover effects on hydrologic services under a precipitation gradient

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Zabaleta ◽  
Eneko Garmendia ◽  
Petr Mariel ◽  
Ibon Tamayo ◽  
Iñaki Antigüedad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Hydrological Services

Abstract. Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle are altering the quantity, quality, and temporal distribution of riverine discharge, necessitating a more rigorous consideration of changes in land cover and land use. This study establishes relationships between different land cover combinations (e.g., percentages of forest – both native and exotic – and pastureland) and hydrological services, using hydrological indices estimated at annual and seasonal time scales in an area with a steep precipitation gradient (900–2600 mm y−1). Using discharge data from 20 catchments in the Bay of Biscay, a climate transition zone, the study applied multiple regression models to better understand how the interaction between precipitation and land cover combinations influence hydrological services. Findings showed the relationship between land cover combinations and hydrological services is highly dependent on the amount of precipitation, even in a climatically homogeneous and relatively small area. In general, in the Bay of Biscay area, the greater presence of any type of forests is associated with lower annual water resources, especially with greater percentages of exotic plantations and high annual precipitation. Where precipitation is low, forests show more potential to reduce annual and winter high flows than pasturelands, but this potential decreases as annual or seasonal precipitation increases. As annual precipitation increases, low flows increase as the percentage of exotic plantations decreases and pasturelands increase. Results obtained in this study improve understanding of the multiple effects of land cover on hydrological services, and illustrate the relevance of land planning to the management of water resources, especially under a climate change scenario.

scholarly journals Land cover effects on hydrologic services under a precipitation gradient

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5227-5241
Author(s):  
Ane Zabaleta ◽  
Eneko Garmendia ◽  
Petr Mariel ◽  
Ibon Tamayo ◽  
Iñaki Antigüedad
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Gradient ◽  
Bay Of Biscay ◽  
Discharge Data ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Hydrological Services

Abstract. Climate change impacts on the hydrological cycle are altering the quantity, quality, and temporal distribution of riverine discharge, necessitating a more rigorous consideration of changes in land cover and land use. This study establishes relationships between different land cover combinations (e.g. percentages of forest – both native and exotic – and pastureland) and hydrological services, using hydrological indices estimated at annual and seasonal timescales in an area with a steep precipitation gradient (900–2600 mm yr−1). Using discharge data from 20 catchments in the Bay of Biscay, a climate transition zone, the study applied multiple regression models to better understand how the interaction between precipitation and land cover combinations influence hydrological services. Findings showed the relationship between land cover combinations and hydrological services is highly dependent on the amount of precipitation, even in a climatically homogeneous and relatively small area. In general, in the Bay of Biscay area, the greater presence of any type of forests is associated with lower annual water resources, especially with greater percentages of exotic plantations and high annual precipitation. Where precipitation is low, forests show more potential to reduce annual and winter high flows than pasturelands, but this potential decreases as annual or seasonal precipitation increases. As annual precipitation increases, low flows increase as the percentage of exotic plantations decreases and pasturelands increase. Results obtained in this study improve understanding of the multiple effects of land cover on hydrological services, and illustrate the relevance of land planning to the management of water resources, especially under a climate change scenario.

Fluctuations of Annual Precipitation and Water Resources Quality in Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4s) ◽  
pp. 621-629
Author(s):  
Valentina Pidlisnyuk ◽  
◽  
John Harrington JR ◽  
Yulia Melnyk ◽  
Yuliya Vystavna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Resource Quality ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
Regional Trends

The article focuses on examining the influence of fluctuations in annual precipitation amount on the quality of surface waters. Water quality was estimated with data on BOD, COD and phosphate–ion concentration within five selected regions of Ukraine. Analysis of the precipitation data (1991 – 2010) showed different regional trends. Using the statistics, determination of the interconnection between precipitation amount and water resources quality were done. The obtained regularities and associated uncertainties can be used for prediction of changes in water resource quality and as a guide for future adaptation to possible climate change.

Comparative Analysis or Precipitation Variation Characteristics between Subtropical Monsoon Climate and Temperate Monsoon Climate-Take Changsha and Chengde for Example

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Shi-jun Xu ◽  
Xin-ping Zhang ◽  
Yi Xie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Intensity ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Average Precipitation ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

Using the methods of literature review, regression analysis and moving average, this paper selects the daily precipitation of Changsha and Chengde from 1951 to 1986 as samples, and analyzes the average precipitation, precipitation frequency, precipitation intensity, extreme precipitation time and other indicators of Changsha and Chengde from the perspective of interannual and seasonal changes Trends. The researches show that: the average precipitation of Changsha in the 36 years is 1151.2mm, spring is the wet season, autumn and winter are the dry seasons, and the maximum average precipitation is in spring; the average annual precipitation, precipitation frequency in spring, summer and winter, annual precipitation frequency, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend. The average annual precipitation of Chengde city is 454.1 mm, wet season in summer and dry season in spring, autumn and winter; the average annual precipitation, precipitation in four seasons, annual precipitation frequency, precipitation frequency in spring, autumn and winter, annual precipitation intensity and extreme precipitation events show a decreasing trend, while the precipitation frequency in summer shows an increasing trend. The study of regional climate change based on the time series data of this stage is of great significance to comprehensively understand the law of regional climate change and predict the future trend of climate change.

Climate and land use change impacts on water resources in Sardinia (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ruggiu ◽  
Salvatore Urru ◽  
Roberto Deidda ◽  
Francesco Viola
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Land Use Scenarios ◽  
Near Future

<p>The assessment of climate change and land use modifications effects on hydrological cycle is challenging. We propose an approach based on Budyko theory to investigate the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic drivers on water resources availability. As an example of application, the proposed approach is implemented in the island of Sardinia (Italy), which is affected by important processes of both climate and land use modifications. In details, the proposed methodology assumes the Fu’s equation to describe the mechanisms of water partitioning at regional scale and uses the probability distributions of annual runoff (Q) in a closed form. The latter is parametrized by considering simple long-term climatic info (namely first orders statistics of annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration) and land use properties of basins.</p><p>In order to investigate the possible near future water availability of Sardinia, several climate and land use scenarios have been considered, referring to 2006-2050 and 2051-2100 periods. Climate scenarios have been generated considering fourteen bias corrected outputs of climatic models from EUROCORDEX’s project (RCP 8.5), while three land use scenarios have been created following the last century tendencies.</p><p>Results show that the distribution of annual runoff in Sardinia could be significantly affected by both climate and land use change. The near future distribution of Q generally displayed a decrease in mean and variance compared to the baseline.   </p><p>The reduction of  Q is more critical moving from 2006-2050 to 2051-2100 period, according with climatic trends, namely due to the reduction of annual rainfall and the increase of potential evapotranspiration. The effect of LU change on Q distribution is weaker than the climatic one, but not negligible.</p>

scholarly journals Cities and Water Security in the Anthropocene: Research Challenges and Opportunities for International Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Castro Pereira ◽  
Miguel Rodrigues Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Politics ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Abstract Cities have become important actors in international relations, and integral to security and environmental politics. We are living in an increasingly urban world, dominated by human settlements and activities. The central role now played by humans in shaping the planet has led us into an uncertain, unstable, and dangerous geological epoch – the Anthropocene – that poses great and additional challenges to security. Local and global spheres are connected as never before, generating ‘glocal’ issues in which water plays a central role. Water is the element that interconnects the complex web of food, energy, climate, economic growth, and human security. In a rapidly urbanising world, cities influence the hydrological cycle in major but uncertain ways, affecting water resources beyond their boundaries. There is no doubt that these issues are highly relevant to the discipline of International Relations (IR). However, IR scholars have been slow to engage with them, and most academic studies of cities and water security still emanate from the natural sciences. This article examines the ways in which cities in the Anthropocene challenge water security, and why IR needs to reinvent itself if it wants to sustain its contribution to global security.

scholarly journals Hydrological cycle

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Gonçalves ◽  
MA Mercante ◽  
ET Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Paraguay River ◽  
Rivers And Lakes ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation ◽  
Very High

The Pantanal hydrological cycle holds an important meaning in the Alto Paraguay Basin, comprising two areas with considerably diverse conditions regarding natural and water resources: the Plateau and the Plains. From the perspective of the ecosystem function, the hydrological flow in the relationship between plateau and plains is important for the creation of reproductive and feeding niches for the regional biodiversity. In general, river declivity in the plateau is 0.6 m/km while declivity on the plains varies from 0.1 to 0.3 m/km. The environment in the plains is characteristically seasonal and is home to an exuberant and abundant diversity of species, including some animals threatened with extinction. When the flat surface meets the plains there is a diminished water flow on the riverbeds and, during the rainy season the rivers overflow their banks, flooding the lowlands. Average annual precipitation in the Basin is 1,396 mm, ranging from 800 mm to 1,600 mm, and the heaviest rainfall occurs in the plateau region. The low drainage capacity of the rivers and lakes that shape the Pantanal, coupled with the climate in the region, produce very high evaporation: approximately 60% of all the waters coming from the plateau are lost through evaporation. The Alto Paraguay Basin, including the Pantanal, while boasting an abundant availability of water resources, also has some spots with water scarcity in some sub-basins, at different times of the year. Climate conditions alone are not enough to explain the differences observed in the Paraguay River regime and some of its tributaries. The complexity of the hydrologic regime of the Paraguay River is due to the low declivity of the lands that comprise the Mato Grosso plains and plateau (50 to 30 cm/km from east to west and 3 to 1.5 cm/km from north to south) as well as the area's dimension, which remains periodically flooded with a large volume of water.

scholarly journals Responses of groundwater to precipitation variability and ENSO in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong V. V. Le ◽  
Hai V. Pham ◽  
Luyen K. Bui ◽  
Anh N. Tran ◽  
Chien V. Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Deep Aquifers

Abstract Groundwater is a critical component of water resources and has become the primary water supply for agricultural and domestic uses in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). Widespread groundwater level declines have occurred in the VMD over recent decades, reflecting that extraction rates exceed aquifer recharge in the region. However, the impacts of climate variability on groundwater system dynamics in the VMD remain poorly understood. Here, we explore recent changes in groundwater levels in shallow and deep aquifers from observed wells in the VMD and investigate their relations to the annual precipitation variability and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We show that groundwater level responds to changes in annual precipitation at time scales of approximately 1 year. Moreover, shallow (deep) groundwater in the VMD appears to correlate with the ENSO over intra-annual (inter-annual) time scales. Our findings reveal a critical linkage between groundwater level changes and climate variability, suggesting the need to develop an understanding of the impacts of climate variability across time scales on water resources in the VMD.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Wellington Marçal de Carvalho ◽  
Edson De Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha ◽  
Alan Kenio dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Tiago Vinicius Batista do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Main River ◽  
Equilibrium Relationships ◽  
The City

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG  Wellington Marçal de Carvalho; Edson de Oliveira Vieira; Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha; Alan Kênio dos Santos Pereira; Tiago Vinícius Batista do CarmoInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG  [email protected]  1 RESUMO A Lei Federal 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997, instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e estabeleceu o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos e, ao definir princípios básicos para uma gestão eficaz das águas, no Brasil, adotou a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento de políticas públicas, a fim de garantir o direito ao acesso à água de boa qualidade para as atividades produtivas, bem como, para sua utilização pelas gerações futuras. Sabe-se que uma bacia hidrográfica é um sistema complexo e sofre influência de fatores internos e externos, que podem comprometer as diversas relações de equilíbrio do mesmo, e, possivelmente, culminar em sua degradação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fisiografia da bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Malheiro, no município de Sabará – MG. Para compreender os processos biológicos, físicos e químicos que interferem no ciclo hidrológico dessa unidade geográfica foram estudados os parâmetros fisiográficos: área de drenagem, perímetro, comprimento do leito principal, rede de drenagem, densidade de drenagem, forma da bacia hidrográfica, número de ordem, declividade equivalente, tempo de concentração, extensão do percurso principal e amplitude altimétrica. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de medidas efetivas de recuperação e preservação da cobertura vegetal, além de investimentos em educação ambiental para a população. UNITERMOS: Bacia de drenagem. Morfometria. Malheiro, córrego do – Sabará/MG.  CARVALHO, W. M. de; VIEIRA, E. de O.; ROCHA, J. M. J.; PEREIRA, A. K. dos S.; CARMO, T. V. B. do. physiographic characterization of Malheiro stream watershed in the city of Sabará– MG, brazil  2 ABSTRACT The Brazilian Federal Law 9433, from January 8th, 1997, regulated  the National Policy for Water Resources and established the National System for Water Resources Management, and, by defining basic principles for an efficient water management in Brazil, it adopted the watershed as a planning unit for public policy, in order to guarantee the rights to access good quality water for productive activities, and also for the future generations’ use. It is known that a watershed is a complex system that is influenced by internal and external factors that may compromise its several equilibrium relationships, and, possibly, result in its degradation. The goal of the present work was to characterize the physiography of  the Malheiro stream watershed, located in the city of Sabará, MG. In order to understand the biological, physical and chemical processes that interfere in the hydrological cycle of the geographic unit, the following physiographic parameters were studied: drainage area, perimeter, main river bed length, drainage network, drainage density, hydrographic basin shape, order number, equivalent declivity, concentration time, main course extension, and altimetric amplitude. The results demonstrated the necessity for effective measure recovery and preservation of the vegetation cover, and also investments on environmental education for thepopulation.            KEYWORDS: Draining bank river. Morphometry. Malheiro stream watershed - Sabará/MG.

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