scholarly journals In vivo high-resolution structural MRI-based atlas of human thalamic nuclei

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Saranathan ◽  
Charles Iglehart ◽  
Martin Monti ◽  
Thomas Tourdias ◽  
Brian Rutt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Using Data

AbstractThalamic nuclei play critical roles in regulation of neurological functions like sleep and wakefulness. They are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and essential tremor. However, segmentation of thalamic nuclei is difficult due to their poor visibility in conventional MRI scans. Sophisticated methods have been proposed which require specialized MRI acquisitions and complex post processing. There are few high spatial resolution (1 mm3 or higher) in vivo MRI thalamic atlases available currently. The goal of this work is the development of an in vivo MRI-based structural thalamic atlas at 0.7 × 0.7 × 0.5 mm resolution based on manual segmentation of 9 healthy subjects using the Morel atlas as a guide. Using data analysis from healthy subjects as well as patients with multiple-sclerosis and essential tremor and at 3T and 7T MRI, we demonstrate the utility of this atlas to provide fast and accurate segmentation of thalamic nuclei when only conventional T1 weighted images are available.

scholarly journals In vivo structural MRI-based atlas of human thalamic nuclei

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manojkumar Saranathan ◽  
Charles Iglehart ◽  
Martin Monti ◽  
Thomas Tourdias ◽  
Brian K Rutt
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Using Data

Thalamic nuclei play critical roles in regulation of neurological functions like sleep and wakefulness. They are increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis and essential tremor. However, segmentation of thalamic nuclei is difficult due to their poor visibility in conventional MRI scans. Sophisticated methods have been proposed which require specialized MRI acquisitions and complex post processing. There are very few digital MRI thalamic atlases and they have been constructed using a small number of post-mortem brains. The goal of this work is the development of a structural thalamic atlas at high spatial resolution based on manual segmentation of 20 subjects that include healthy subjects and patients with multiple-sclerosis. Using data analysis from healthy subjects as well as patients with multiple-sclerosis and essential tremor and at 3T and 7T MRI, we demonstrate the utility of this atlas to provide fast and accurate segmentation of thalamic nuclei when only conventional T1 weighted images are available.

scholarly journals Ultra-high-field 7-T MRI in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases: from pathology to clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolo’ Bruschi ◽  
Giacomo Boffa ◽  
Matilde Inglese
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
High Field ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Ultra High Field ◽  
Functional Features

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), for investigating the disease pathophysiology, and for discriminating MS from other neurological diseases. Ultra-high-field strength (7-T) MRI provides a new tool for studying MS and other demyelinating diseases both in research and in clinical settings. We present an overview of 7-T MRI application in MS focusing on increased sensitivity and specificity for lesion detection and characterisation in the brain and spinal cord, central vein sign identification, and leptomeningeal enhancement detection. We also discuss the role of 7-T MRI in improving our understanding of MS pathophysiology with the aid of metabolic imaging. In addition, we present 7-T MRI applications in other demyelinating diseases. 7-T MRI allows better detection of the anatomical, pathological, and functional features of MS, thus improving our understanding of MS pathology in vivo. 7-T MRI also represents a potential tool for earlier and more accurate diagnosis.

Thalamic Nuclei Volumes and Their Relationships to Neuroperformance in Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross‐Sectional Structural MRI Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Bergsland ◽  
Ralph H.B. Benedict ◽  
Michael G. Dwyer ◽  
Tom A. Fuchs ◽  
Dejan Jakimovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mri Study

scholarly journals Clinical 3-tesla FLAIR* MRI improves diagnostic accuracy in multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1578-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilena C George ◽  
Pascal Sati ◽  
Martina Absinta ◽  
Irene CM Cortese ◽  
Elizabeth M Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery

Objective: To evaluate clinical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR)* 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is sensitive to perivenular inflammatory demyelinating lesions, in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS). Background: Central veins may be a distinguishing feature of MS lesions. FLAIR*, a combined contrast derived from clinical MRI scans, has not been studied as a clinical tool for diagnosing MS. Methods: Two experienced MS neurologists evaluated 87 scan pairs (T2-FLAIR/FLAIR*), separately and side-by-side, from 68 MS cases, 8 healthy volunteers, and 11 individuals with other neurological diseases. Raters judged cases based on experience, published criteria, and a visual assessment of the “40% rule,” whereby MS is favored if >40% of lesions demonstrate a central vein. Diagnostic accuracy was determined with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and inter-rater reliability was assessed with Cohen’s kappa (κ). Results: Diagnostic accuracy was high: rater 1, AUC 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.89, 0.97) for T2-FLAIR, 0.95 (0.92, 0.98) for FLAIR*; rater 2, 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) and 0.90 (0.85, 0.95). AUC improved when images were considered together: rater 1, 0.99 (0.98, 1.00); rater 2, 0.98 (0.96, 0.99). Inter-rater agreement was substantial for T2-FLAIR (κ = 0.68) and FLAIR* (κ = 0.74), despite low agreement on the 40% rule (κ = 0.47) ([Formula: see text] in all cases). Conclusions: Joint clinical evaluation of T2-FLAIR and FLAIR* images modestly improves diagnostic accuracy for MS and does not require counting lesions with central veins.

scholarly journals In Vivo Targeting of the Neurovascular Unit: Challenges and Advancements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oandy Naranjo ◽  
Olivia Osborne ◽  
Silvia Torices ◽  
Michal Toborek
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) is essential for the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Functions of the BBB are performed by the neurovascular unit (NVU), which consists of endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, basement membrane, and neurons. NVU cells interact closely and together are responsible for neurovascular coupling, BBB integrity, and transendothelial fluid transport. Studies have shown that NVU dysfunction is implicated in several acute and chronic neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The mechanisms of NVU disruption remain poorly understood, partially due to difficulties in selective targeting of NVU cells. In this review, we discuss the relative merits of available protein markers and drivers of the NVU along with recent advancements that have been made in the field to increase efficiency and specificity of NVU research.

scholarly journals A Novel Marker Based Method to Teeth Alignment in MRI

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Luukinen ◽  
Daniel Aalto ◽  
Jarmo Malinen ◽  
Naoko Niikuni ◽  
Jani Saunavaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Dental Cast

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can precisely capture the anatomy of the vocal tract. However, the crowns of teeth are not visible in standard MRI scans. In this study, a marker-based teeth alignment method is presented and evaluated. Ten patients undergoing orthognathic surgery were enrolled. Supraglottal airways were imaged preoperatively using structural MRI. MRI visible markers were developed, and they were attached to maxillary teeth and corresponding locations on the dental casts. Repeated measurements of intermarker distances in MRI and in a replica model was compared using linear regression analysis. Dental cast MRI and corresponding caliper measurements did not differ significantly. In contrast, the marker locationsin vivodiffered somewhat from the dental cast measurements likely due to marker placement inaccuracies. The markers were clearly visible in MRI and allowed for dental models to be aligned to head and neck MRI scans.

Association of anti-Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein antibody response with anti-aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1411-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Motozumi Minohara ◽  
Hua Piao ◽  
Takuya Matsushita ◽  
Katsuhisa Masaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Aquaporin 4 ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Aqp4 Antibody

There are two distinct subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Asians: opticospinal (OSMS) and conventional (CMS). OSMS has similar features to neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and half of OSMS patients have the NMO-Immunoglobulin G (IgG)/ anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody. We reported that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was significantly less common in CMS patients than controls. To reveal the immune responses to the H. pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) in Japanese MS patients, according to anti-AQP4 antibody status, sera from 162 MS patients, 37 patients with other inflammatory neurological diseases (OIND), and 85 healthy subjects were assayed for anti-H. pylori antibodies, anti-HP-NAP antibodies, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) by enzyme immunoassays. H. pylori seropositivity rates were significantly higher in anti-AQP4 antibody-positive MS/NMO (AQP4 + /MS) patients (19/27, 70.4%) than anti-AQP4 antibody-negative CMS (AQP4 — /CMS) patients (22/83, 26.5%). Among H. pylori-infected individuals, the anti-HP-NAP antibody was significantly more common in AQP4 + /MS and AQP4 — /OSMS patients than healthy subjects (36.8%, 34.6% versus 2.8%). Among the AQP4 + /MS patients, a significant positive correlation between anti-HP-NAP antibody levels and the final Kurtzke’s Expanded Disability Status Scale scores was found, and MPO levels were higher in anti-HP-NAP antibody-positive patients than anti-HP-NAP antibody-negative ones. Therefore, HP-NAP may be associated with the pathology of anti-AQP4 antibody-related neural damage in MS/NMO patients.

In vivo estimation of normal amygdala volume from structural MRI scans with anatomical-based segmentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achilleas Siozopoulos ◽  
Vasilios Thomaidis ◽  
Panos Prassopoulos ◽  
Aliki Fiska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Mri ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Amygdala Volume

scholarly journals Abnormal Brain Development in Huntington’ Disease Is Recapitulated in the zQ175 Knock-In Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuangchuang Zhang ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
Hongshuai Liu ◽  
Liam Cheng ◽  
Zhipeng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
System Level ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mri Scans

Abstract Emerging cellular and molecular studies are providing compelling evidence that altered brain development contributes to the pathogenesis of Huntington’s disease (HD). There has been lacking longitudinal system-level data obtained from in vivo HD models supporting this hypothesis. Our human MRI study in children and adolescents with HD indicates that striatal development differs between the HD and control groups, with initial hypertrophy and more rapid volume decline in HD group. In this study, we aimed to determine whether brain development recapitulates the human HD during the postnatal period. Longitudinal structural MRI scans were conducted in the heterozygous zQ175 HD mice and their littermate controls. We found that male zQ175 HD mice recapitulated the region-specific abnormal volume development in the striatum and globus pallidus, with early hypertrophy and then rapidly decline in the regional volume. In contrast, female zQ175 HD mice did not show significant difference in brain volume development with their littermate controls. This is the first longitudinal study of brain volume development at the system level in HD mice. Our results suggest that altered brain development may contribute to the HD pathogenesis. The potential effect of gene therapies targeting on neurodevelopmental event is worth to consider for HD therapeutic intervention.

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