Environmental conditions influence the biochemical properties of the fruiting bodies of Tuber magnatum Pico

Growth characteristics of the fungus Trichoderma stromaticum, a mycoparasite on the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of witches'-broom disease of cacao, were evaluated under controlled environmental conditions. The ability of T. stromaticum to produce conidia and germinate on dry brooms was evaluated at three constant temperatures (20, 25, and 30°C) and two constant relative humidities (75 and 100%). T. stromaticum produced abundant conidia on brooms at 100% relative humidity and incubation temperatures of 20 and 25°C, but none at 30°C. Sporulation of T. stromaticum was not observed at 75% relative humidity at any temperature. At 100% relative humidity and either at 20 or 25°C, treatment of brooms with T. stromaticum suppressed C. perniciosa within 7 days. In contrast, at 30°C, treatment with T. stromaticum had no effect on the pathogen in brooms maintained at either 75 or 100% relative humidity. Mycelium of C. perniciosa grew from brooms at all temperatures at 100% relative humidity. Conidial germination on broom tissue approximated 80% at temperatures from 20 to 30°C. Results suggest that applying T. stromaticum under high-moisture conditions when the air temperature is below 30°C may enhance the establishment of this mycoparasite in cacao plantations.

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Development of antler-type fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum and determination of its biochemical properties

Fungal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.funbio.2018.01.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 122 (5) ◽

pp. 293-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Surya Sudheer ◽

Zain Taha ◽

Sivakumar Manickam ◽

Asgar Ali ◽

Poh Guat Cheng

Keyword(s):

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Fruiting Bodies

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Expanding the understanding of a forest ectomycorrhizal community by combining root tips and fruiting bodies: a case study of Tuber magnatum stands

TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY ◽

10.3906/bot-1406-50 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 527-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giorgio LALLI ◽

Marco LEONARDI ◽

Marilena ODDIS ◽

Giovanni PACIONI ◽

Elena SALERNI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Community ◽

Root Tips ◽

Tuber Magnatum

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Geographical based variations in white truffle Tuber magnatum truffle aroma is explained by quantitative differences in key volatile compounds

10.1101/2020.09.30.321133 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Niimi ◽

Aurélie Deveau ◽

Richard Splivallo

Keyword(s):

Volatile Compounds ◽

Fruiting Body ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

List Type ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Headspace Volatile ◽

Microbiome Composition ◽

Tuber Magnatum ◽

Volatile Profiles

SummaryThe factors that vary the aroma of Tuber magnatum fruiting bodies are poorly understood. The study determined the headspace aroma composition, sensory aroma profiles, maturity, and microbiome composition from T. magnatum originating from Italy, Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia, and tested if truffle aroma is dependent on provenance and if fruiting body volatiles are explained by maturity and/or microbiome composition.Headspace volatile profiles were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O) and aroma of fruiting body extracts were sensorially assessed. Fruiting body maturity were estimated through spore melanisation. Bacterial community was determined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.Main odour active compounds were present in all truffles but varied in concentration. Aroma of truffle extracts were sensorially discriminated by sites. However, volatile profiles of individual fruiting bodies varied more within sites than across geographic area, while maturity level did not play a role. Microbiome composition varied highly and was partially explained by provenance. A few rare bacterial operational taxonomical units associated with select few non-odour active volatile compounds.Specificities of the aroma of T. magnatum truffles are more likely linked to individual properties than provenance. Some constituents of the microbiome may provide biomarkers of provenance and be linked to non-odour active volatiles.

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Research Progress of Betalain in Response to Adverse Stresses and Evolutionary Relationship Compared with Anthocyanin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24173078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (17) ◽

pp. 3078 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ge Li ◽

Xiaoqing Meng ◽

Mingku Zhu ◽

Zongyun Li

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Evolutionary Relationship ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Research Progress ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Physiological Evolution ◽

Depth Study ◽

Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽

The Relationship

Betalains are applicable to many aspects of life, and their properties, characteristics, extraction and biosynthesis process have been thoroughly studied. Although betalains are functionally similar to anthocyanins and can substitute for them to provide pigments for plant color, it is rare to study the roles of betalains in plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. Owing to their antioxidant capability to remove excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and humans, betalains have attracted much attention due to their bioactivity. In addition, betalains can also act as osmotic substances to regulate osmotic pressure in plants and play important roles in plant responses to adverse environmental conditions. The study of the physiological evolution of betalains is almost complete but remains complicated because the evolutionary relationship between betalains and anthocyanins is still uncertain. In this review, to provide a reference for the in-depth study of betalains compared with anthocyanins, the biochemical properties, biosynthesis process and roles of betalains in response to environmental stress are reviewed, and the relationship between betalains and anthocyanins is discussed.

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Changes of Enzyme Activities and Compositions of Abnormal Fruiting Bodies Grown under Artificial Environmental Conditions inPleurotus ostreatus

Mycobiology ◽

10.4489/myco.2005.33.1.030 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kab Yeul Jang ◽

Soo Muk Cho ◽

Chang Sung June ◽

Hang Yeon Weon ◽

Jeong Sik Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Fruiting Bodies

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Volatile organic compounds in truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico): comparison of samples from different regions of Italy and from different seasons

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/srep12629 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Federico Vita ◽

Cosimo Taiti ◽

Antonio Pompeiano ◽

Nadia Bazihizina ◽

Valentina Lucarotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Its Region ◽

Fruiting Bodies ◽

Tuber Magnatum ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Its Region Sequencing ◽

Tof Ms

Abstract In this paper volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Tuber magnatum fruiting bodies were analyzed using a PTR-TOF-MS instrument. The aim was to characterize the VOC's profile of the fruiting bodies and identify if any VOCs were specific to a season and geographical areas. Multiple factorial analysis (MFA) was carried out on the signals obtained by MS. Experiments using ITS region sequencing proved that the T. magnatum life cycle includes the formation of fruiting bodies at two different times of the year. The VOCs profiles diverge when different seasonal and geographical productions are considered. Using PTR-TOF-MS, compounds present at levels as low pptv were detected. This made it possible to determine both the origin of fruiting bodies (Alba and San Miniato) and the two biological phases of fruiting bodies formation in San Miniato truffles.

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