Exophiala dermatitidis isolates from various sources: using alternative invertebrate host organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella) to determine virulence

There is a significant need to combat the growing challenge of antibacterial drug resistance. We have previously developed a whole-animal dual-screening platform that first used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, to identify low-toxicity antibacterial hits in a high-throughput format. The hits were then evaluated in the wax moth caterpillar Galleria mellonella infection model to confirm efficacy and low toxicity at a whole animal level. This multi-host approach is a powerful tool for revealing compounds that show antibacterial effects and relatively low toxicity at the whole organism level. This paper reports the use of the multi-host approach to identify and validate five new anti-staphylococcal compounds: (1) 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol(PPT), (2) (1S,2S)-2-[2-[[3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propyl]methylamino]ethyl]-6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(1-methylethyl)-2-naphthalenyl cyclopropanecarboxylate dihydrochloride(NNC), (3) 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB), (4) 3-[2-[2-chloro-4-[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-(1-methylethyl)-4-isoxazolyl]methoxy]phenyl]ethenyl] benzoic acid(GW4064), and (5) N-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-3,4,5-trifluoro-2-[(4-iodo-2-methylphenyl)amino] benzamide(PD198306). The compounds reduced the severity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, strain MW2) infections in both C. elegans and G. mellonella and showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 2–8 µg/mL. Compounds NNC, PPT, and TBB permeabilized MRSA-MW2 cells to SYTOX green, suggesting that they target bacterial membranes. Compound TBB showed synergistic activity with doxycycline and oxacillin against MRSA-MW2, and compounds PPT, NNC, GW4064, and PD198306 synergized with doxycycline, polymyxin-B, gentamicin, and erythromycin, respectively. The study demonstrates the utility of the multi-host approach with follow-up hit characterization for prioritizing anti-MRSA compounds for further evaluation.

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HEWAN SEBAGAI MODEL PENYAKIT INFEKSI PERNAFASAN YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH BAKTERI

Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan ◽

10.47522/jmk.v4i1.104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 48-56

Author(s):

Noor Andryan Ilsan ◽

Siti Nurfajriah ◽

Maulin Inggraini

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Galleria Mellonella

Pendahuluan: Penyakit infeksi pernafasan karena bakteri merupakan penyakit yang memiliki kasus tinggi di Indonesia. Penyakit pernafasan karena infeksi bakteri juga bersifat nosokomial dan dapat menyebar di komunitas. Bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksi pernafasan ini sangat beragam baik dari jenis bakterinya, tingkat resistensinya, maupun tingkat virulensinya. Tingkat virulensi bakteri mempengaruhi konsekuensi penyakitnya pada pasien. Metode: Dalam menentukan virulensi bakteri secara in vivo, beberapa hewan dapat digunakan sebagai model infeksi pernafasan karena bakteri seperti tikus, ikan zebra (Danio rerio), ngengat lilin (Galleria mellonella), nematoda Caenorhabditis elegans. Hasil: Dari sudut pandang author, jika menilik biaya dan kemudahan sebagai prioritas, ulat G. mellonella memiliki beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan hewan lain seperti biaya produksi murah, tidak membutuhkan perizinan etik, dapat diinkubasi pada suhu 37° C, juga sudah banyak publikasi yang menggunakan ulat ini dalam uji virulensi bakteri. Kesimpulan: Review artikel ini akan menjelaskan perbandingan kelebihan dan kekurangan hewan model tersebut dalam model in vivo bakteri infeksi pernafasan.

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Correlation between Candida albicans biofilm formation and invasion of the invertebrate host Galleria mellonella

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb.13.159 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 163-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elisa Borghi ◽

Solange Romagnoli ◽

Beth Burgwyn Fuchs ◽

Daniela Cirasola ◽

Federica Perdoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Invertebrate Host

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Nematicidal metabolites produced by Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae), bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic nematodes

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854199508469 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

pp. 457-469 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Kaiji Hu ◽

Jianxiong Li ◽

John M. Webster

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Meloidogyne Incognita ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Bacterial Symbiont ◽

Photorhabdus Luminescens ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Heterorhabditis Megidis

Abstract The secondary metabolites, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (ST) and indole, from the culture filtrate of Photorhabdus luminescens MD, were shown to have nematicidal properties. ST caused nearly 100% mortality of J4 and adults of Aphelenchoides rhytium , Bursaphelenchus spp. and Caenorhabditis elegans at 100 mu g/ml, but had no effect on J2 of Meloidogyne incognita or infective juveniles (IJ) of Heterorhabditis megidis at 200 mu g/ml. Indole was lethal to several nematode species at 300 mu g/ml, and caused a high percentage of Bursaphelenchus spp. (J4 and adults), M. incognita (J2) and Heterorhabditis spp. (IJ) to be paralysed at 300, 100 and 400 mu g/ml, respectively. Both ST and indole inhibited egg hatch of M. incognita . ST repelled IJ of some Steinernema spp. but not IJ of Heterorhabditis spp., and indole repelled IJ of some species of both Steinernema and Heterorhabditis . ST, but not indole, was produced in nematode-infected larval Galleria mellonella after 24 h infection. Von Photorhabdus luminescens (Enterobacteriaceae), einem Symbionten entomopathogener Nematoden gebildete nematizide Metaboliten - Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Sekundarmetaboliten 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilben (ST) und Indol aus dem Kulturfiltrat von Photorhabdus luminescens MD nematizide Eigenschaften besassen. In einer Konzentration von 100 mu g/ml verursachte ST eine fast 100%ige Sterblichkeit bei J4 und Adulten von Aphelenchoides rhytium , Bursaphelenchus spp. und Caenorhabditis elegans , hatte aber bei 200 mu g/ml keine Wirkung auf J2 von Meloidogyne incognita oder auf Infektionsjuvenile (IJ) von Heterorhabditis megidis . Bei 300 mu g/ml war Indol fur etliche Nematodenarten todlich und fuhrte dazu, dass Bursaphelenchus spp. (J4 and Adulte) bei 300, M. incognita (J2) bei 100, und Heterorhabditis spp. (IJ) bei 400 mu g/ml zu einem grossen Teil gelahmt wurden. ST und Indol behinderten beide das Schlupfen von M. incognita . ST wirkte abstossend auf IJ einiger Steinernema -Arten aber nicht auf IJ von Heterorhabditis spp., und Indol wirkte abstossend auf IJ einiger Arten der beiden Gattungen Steinernema und Heterorhabditis . ST wurde in nematoden-befallenen Larven von Galleria mellonella 24 h nach der Infektion gebildet, Indol dagegen nicht.

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Genome Sequence of Galleria mellonella (Greater Wax Moth)

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.01220-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Anna Lange ◽

Sina Beier ◽

Daniel H. Huson ◽

Raphael Parusel ◽

Franz Iglauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Invertebrate Host ◽

Greater Wax Moth ◽

Infection Biology ◽

Wax Moth

ABSTRACT The larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella, are pests of active beehives. In infection biology, these larvae are playing a more and more attractive role as an invertebrate host model. Here, we report on the first genome sequence of Galleria mellonella.

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Galleria mellonella insektua eta Caenorhabditis elegans nematodoa, infekzio eredu boteretsuak Candida glabrata eta erlazionatutako espezieen birulentzia ikertzeko

EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzi eta Teknologi Aldizkaria ◽

10.1387/ekaia.20323 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

Ainara Hernando-Ortiz ◽

Estibaliz Mateo ◽

Marcelo Ortega-Riveros ◽

Iker De-la-Pinta ◽

Guillermo Quindós ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Candida Glabrata ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Candida Bracarensis ◽

Candida Nivariensis

Kandidiasia Candida generoko espezieek eragindako infekzio mikotikoa da. Candida albicans agente etiologiko nagusia da baina gero eta gehiagotan Candida generoko beste espezie batzuk agertzen ari dira kandidiasiaren eragile bezala eta, hauen artean, Candida glabrata espeziea. Espezie honekin lotuta beste bi espezie daude, Candida bracarensis eta Candida nivariensis, teknika molekularrek ondo desberdindu ditzaketenak. Aldaketa etiologiko hauek ondorio larriak izan ditzakete kandidiasiaren diagnostikoan, tratamenduan edota pronostikoan, besteak beste, bere patogenia edo antifungikoekiko sentikortasuna oso desberdina izan daitezkeelako. Ordezko eredu esperimentalek erabiliz mikroorganismoek eragindako gaixotasunen patogenia eta terapia ezagutzeko ezinbesteko aukera ematen dizkigute, eta hauen artean, Caenorhabditis elegans nematodoa eta Galleria mellonella lepidopteroa ditugu. Ikerketa lan honetan konbentzionalak ez diren bi animalia eredu hauen erabilgarritasuna ebaluatu nahi izan da Candida glabrata, Candida bracarensis eta Candida nivariensis harreman filogenetiko estua duten hiru espezie hauen birulentzia in vivo aztertzeko.

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