scholarly journals The role of gut microbiota in shaping the relapse-remitting and chronic-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis in mouse models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Alexa Orr Gandy ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Prakash Nagarkatti ◽  
Mitzi Nagarkatti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mouse Models

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Reports

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.

Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on the gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota has also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Campylobacter Infection Is Associated with the Species Composition of the Human Fecal Microbiota

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Dicksved ◽  
Patrik Ellström ◽  
Lars Engstrand ◽  
Hilpi Rautelin
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Abattoir Workers ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

ABSTRACTThe gut microbiota is essential for human health, but very little is known about how the composition of this ecosystem can influence and respond to bacterial infections. Here we address this by prospectively studying the gut microbiota composition before, during, and after naturalCampylobacterinfection in exposed poultry abattoir workers. The gut microbiota composition was analyzed with 16S amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from poultry abattoir workers during the peak season ofCampylobacterinfection in Sweden. The gut microbiota compositions were compared between individuals who became culture positive forCampylobacterand those who remained negative. Individuals who becameCampylobacterpositive had a significantly higher abundance ofBacteroides(P= 0.007) andEscherichia(P= 0.002) species than those who remained culture negative. Furthermore, this group had a significantly higher abundance ofPhascolarctobacterium(P= 0.017) andStreptococcus(P= 0.034) sequences than theCampylobacter-negative group, which had an overrepresentation ofClostridiales(P= 0.017), unclassifiedLachnospiraceae(P= 0.008), andAnaerovorax(P= 0.015) sequences. Intraindividual comparisons of the fecal microbiota compositions yielded small differences over time inCampylobacter-negative participants, but significant long-term changes were found in theCampylobacter-positive group (P< 0.005). The results suggest that the abundance of specific genera in the microbiota reduces resistance toCampylobactercolonization in humans and thatCampylobacterinfection can have long-term effects on the composition of the human fecal microbiota.IMPORTANCEStudies using mouse models have made important contributions to our understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in resistance to bacterial enteropathogen colonization. The relative abundances ofEscherichia coliandBacteroidesspecies have been pointed out as important determinants of susceptibility to Gram-negative pathogens in general andCampylobacterinfection in particular. In this study, we assessed the role of the human gut microbiota in resistance toCampylobactercolonization by studying abattoir workers that are heavily exposed to these bacteria. Individuals with a certain composition of the gut microbiota became culture positive forCampylobacter. As their microbiotas were characterized by high abundances ofBacteroidesspp. andE. coli, well in line with the findings with mouse models, these bacterial species likely play an important role in colonization resistance also in humans.

scholarly journals Role of diet, gut microbiota, and metabolism in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsusada Okuno ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Teruyuki Ishikura ◽  
Hideki Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica

Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 108379 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael S. Sanchez ◽  
Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva ◽  
Jane E. Libbey ◽  
Robert S. Fujinami
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Gut microbiota–specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (53) ◽  
pp. eabc7191
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Pröbstel ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhou ◽  
Ryan Baumann ◽  
Sven Wischnewski ◽  
Michael Kutza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Active Multiple Sclerosis

Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota–specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.

Combined therapies to treat complex diseases: The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calvo-Barreiro ◽  
Herena Eixarch ◽  
Xavier Montalban ◽  
Carmen Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Diseases
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