scholarly journals Role of diet, gut microbiota, and metabolism in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsusada Okuno ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Teruyuki Ishikura ◽  
Hideki Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica

scholarly journals The role of gut microbiota in shaping the relapse-remitting and chronic-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis in mouse models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Alexa Orr Gandy ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Prakash Nagarkatti ◽  
Mitzi Nagarkatti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mouse Models

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Reports

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.

Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on the gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota has also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals CD226 Gly307Ser Association With Neuromyelitis Optica in Southern Han Chinese

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Guansan Wang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Yue Li ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Background:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system with complex pathogeneses. NMO was once considered to be a severe variant of MS. There has been more evidence that a non-synonymous exchange (rs763361/Gly307Ser) in the gene for CD226 is linked to several autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). However, no studies have investigated the role of rs763361 in the pathogenesis of NMO.Objectives:The goal of our study is to evaluate the role of CD226 Gly307Ser in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) in Southern Han Chinese.Methods:Eight-nine NMO patients, 93 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, and 122 controls (CTLs) were enrolled. The rs763361 alleles of the subjects were determined by sequencing-based typing.Results:The results strongly support that the TT genotypes are associated with NMO but are not significantly correlated with susceptibility for MS.Conclusions:CD226 Gly307Ser may correlate with risk of NMO in Southern Han Chinese.

scholarly journals Th17-Related Cytokines as Potential Discriminatory Markers between Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic’s Disease) and Multiple Sclerosis—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8946
Author(s):  
Karina Maciak ◽  
Sylwia Pietrasik ◽  
Angela Dziedzic ◽  
Justyna Redlicka ◽  
Joanna Saluk-Bijak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Devic’S Disease ◽  
Devic's Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Pictures

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Devic’s disease (NMO; neuromyelitis optica) are autoimmune, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), the etiology of which remains unclear. It is a serious limitation in the treatment of these diseases. The resemblance of the clinical pictures of these two conditions generates a partial possibility of introducing similar treatment, but on the other hand, a high risk of misdiagnosis. Therefore, a better understanding and comparative characterization of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of each of these diseases are essential to improve their discriminatory diagnosis and more effective treatment. In this review, special attention is given to Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the context of their potential usefulness as discriminatory markers for MS and NMO. The discussed results emphasize the role of Th17 immune response in both MS and NMO pathogenesis, which, however, cannot be considered without taking into account the broader perspective of immune response mechanisms.

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