Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Microbiota and Permeability: Role of Tryptophan Catabolites, Depression and the Driving Down of Local Melatonin

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (40) ◽  
pp. 6134-6141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Rodriguez ◽  
Bharath Wootla ◽  
George Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tryptophan Catabolites

scholarly journals The role of gut microbiota in shaping the relapse-remitting and chronic-progressive forms of multiple sclerosis in mouse models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Alexa Orr Gandy ◽  
Jiajia Zhang ◽  
Prakash Nagarkatti ◽  
Mitzi Nagarkatti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mouse Models

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Reports

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.

Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on the gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota has also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Role of diet, gut microbiota, and metabolism in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (S1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsusada Okuno ◽  
Makoto Kinoshita ◽  
Teruyuki Ishikura ◽  
Hideki Mochizuki
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica

Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 108379 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael S. Sanchez ◽  
Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva ◽  
Jane E. Libbey ◽  
Robert S. Fujinami
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Gut microbiota–specific IgA+ B cells traffic to the CNS in active multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (53) ◽  
pp. eabc7191
Author(s):  
Anne-Katrin Pröbstel ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhou ◽  
Ryan Baumann ◽  
Sven Wischnewski ◽  
Michael Kutza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Active Multiple Sclerosis

Changes in gut microbiota composition and a diverse role of B cells have recently been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a key regulator at the mucosal interface. However, whether gut microbiota shape IgA responses and what role IgA+ cells have in neuroinflammation are unknown. Here, we identify IgA-bound taxa in MS and show that IgA-producing cells specific for MS-associated taxa traffic to the inflamed CNS, resulting in a strong, compartmentalized IgA enrichment in active MS and other neuroinflammatory diseases. Unlike previously characterized polyreactive anti-commensal IgA responses, CNS IgA cross-reacts with surface structures on specific bacterial strains but not with brain tissue. These findings establish gut microbiota–specific IgA+ cells as a systemic mediator in MS and suggest a critical role of mucosal B cells during active neuroinflammation with broad implications for IgA as an informative biomarker and IgA-producing cells as an immune subset to harness for therapeutic interventions.

Combined therapies to treat complex diseases: The role of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Calvo-Barreiro ◽  
Herena Eixarch ◽  
Xavier Montalban ◽  
Carmen Espejo
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Diseases

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota in Neurological Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Grochowska ◽  
Tomasz Laskus ◽  
Marek Radkowski
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Development Course

Abstract The incidence of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasing throughout the world, but their pathogenesis remains unclear and successful treatment remains elusive. Bidirectional communications between the central nervous system and gut microbiota may play some role in the pathogenesis of the above disorders. Up to a thousand bacterial species reside in human intestine; they colonize the gut shortly after birth and remain for life. Numerous studies point to the role of microbiota composition in the development, course and treatment of MS, AD and PD.

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