Role of Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Zhen Liang ◽  
Shengnan Wang ◽  
Di Ma ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

: The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been receiving increased attention recently. Emerging evidence from previous studies on the gut-microbiota-brain axis highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in neurological disorders. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from T-cell-driven, myelin-directed autoimmunity. The dysbiosis of gut microbiota in MS patients has been reported in published research studies, indicating that gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. Gut microbiota has also been reported to influence the initiation of disease and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, which is the animal model of MS. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS remain unclear. Therefore, in this review, we summerized the potential mechanisms for gut microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of MS, including increasing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, initiating an autoimmune response, disrupting the blood-brain barrier integrity, and contributing to chronic inflammation. The possibility for gut microbiota as a target for MS therapy has also been discussed. This review provides new insight into understanding the role of gut microbiota in neurological and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals GDP-l-fucose synthase is a CD4+ T cell–specific autoantigen in DRB3*02:02 patients with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (462) ◽  
pp. eaat4301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Planas ◽  
Radleigh Santos ◽  
Paula Tomas-Ojer ◽  
Carolina Cruciani ◽  
Andreas Lutterotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Clone ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Guanosine Diphosphate ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
T Cell Clone ◽  
Positional Scanning ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that develops in genetically susceptible individuals and likely requires environmental triggers. The autoantigens and molecular mimics triggering the autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis remain incompletely understood. By using a brain-infiltrating CD4+ T cell clone that is clonally expanded in multiple sclerosis brain lesions and a systematic approach for the identification of its target antigens, positional scanning peptide libraries in combination with biometrical analysis, we have identified guanosine diphosphate (GDP)–l-fucose synthase as an autoantigen that is recognized by cerebrospinal fluid–infiltrating CD4+ T cells from HLA-DRB3*–positive patients. Significant associations were found between reactivity to GDP-l-fucose synthase peptides and DRB3*02:02 expression, along with reactivity against an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide. These results, coupled with the cross-recognition of homologous peptides from gut microbiota, suggest a possible role of this antigen as an inducer or driver of pathogenic autoimmune responses in multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507-1527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Schepici ◽  
Serena Silvestro ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
System A ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Review Reports

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.

Multiple sclerosis attacks are associated with picornavirus infections

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Kriesel ◽  
Andrea White ◽  
Frederick G Hayden ◽  
S L Spruance ◽  
Jack Petajan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Period ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which often follows a relapsing-remitting (RR) course with discrete attacks. MS attacks have been associated with upper respiratory infections (URIs), but the specific viruses responsible have not been identified. We studied a cohort of 16 RRMS patients experiencing URI and followed them for clinically identifiable attacks. The viral causes of 21 separate URIs were investigated using culture and polymerase chain reactio n (PCR) of nasal swab specimens, and by serology. Sibley’s ‘at-risk’ period for MS attacks, beginning two weeks before and continuing for five weeks after a URI, was used for the analysis. Seven of the nine (78%) URIs due to picornaviruses were associated with an MS attack during the at-risk period. By contrast, only two of 12 (17%) picornavirus-negative URIs were associated with an MS attack (P =0.01). The possible role of picornaviruses in the patho genesis of MS deserves further study.

Is There a Case for a Virus Aetiology in Multiple Sclerosis?

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard E. Souberbielle ◽  
Paul W.S. Szawlowski ◽  
William C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
North East ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Specific Virus ◽  
Very High

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a devastating demyelinating disease with a very high prevalence in North-East Scotland and in the Orkney and Shetland Islands. MS appears to be a multifactorial disorder with environmental and genetic elements and it has been proposed that these, in tandem, provoke an autoimmune response giving rise to the disease. Although there is no direct evidence of a specific virus being involved in MS, there are nevertheless grounds for suspecting a viral association. This review discusses these aspects of MS and suggests that a more aggressive approach to unravelling the role of viruses is needed.

scholarly journals A Review of Vascular Disease Risk Factors and Multiple Sclerosis

US Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Meena R Kannan ◽  
Vijayshree Yadav ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. Recent research shows that vascular disease risk factors (VDRFs) such as obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, can influence MS on its onset, disease activity, progression, and resultant disability. This review evaluates the current knowledge on the role of VDRFs on outcomes among people with MS (PwMS) and shows that while VDRF prevalence may or may not be higher among PwMS compared with the general population, its presence can influence MS in myriad ways. Management of VDRFs through early detection and treatment may be a promising approach to improving outcomes in PwMS.

scholarly journals Th17-Related Cytokines as Potential Discriminatory Markers between Neuromyelitis Optica (Devic’s Disease) and Multiple Sclerosis—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8946
Author(s):  
Karina Maciak ◽  
Sylwia Pietrasik ◽  
Angela Dziedzic ◽  
Justyna Redlicka ◽  
Joanna Saluk-Bijak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Devic’S Disease ◽  
Devic's Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Pictures

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Devic’s disease (NMO; neuromyelitis optica) are autoimmune, inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), the etiology of which remains unclear. It is a serious limitation in the treatment of these diseases. The resemblance of the clinical pictures of these two conditions generates a partial possibility of introducing similar treatment, but on the other hand, a high risk of misdiagnosis. Therefore, a better understanding and comparative characterization of the immunopathogenic mechanisms of each of these diseases are essential to improve their discriminatory diagnosis and more effective treatment. In this review, special attention is given to Th17 cells and Th17-related cytokines in the context of their potential usefulness as discriminatory markers for MS and NMO. The discussed results emphasize the role of Th17 immune response in both MS and NMO pathogenesis, which, however, cannot be considered without taking into account the broader perspective of immune response mechanisms.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Targeting of Immune Cell Autophagy in Multiple Sclerosis: Russian Roulette or Silver Bullet?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guan Yang ◽  
Luc Van Kaer
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Autoimmune And Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system damages the protective insulation surrounding nerve fibers that project from neurons. The pathological hallmark of MS is multiple areas of myelin loss accompanied by inflammation within the CNS, resulting in loss of cognitive function that ultimately leads to paralysis. Recent studies in MS have focused on autophagy, a cellular self-eating process, as a potential target for MS treatment. Here, we review the contribution of immune cell autophagy to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the prototypic animal model of MS. A better understanding of the role of autophagy in different immune cells to EAE might inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches in MS and other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota in Neurological Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Grochowska ◽  
Tomasz Laskus ◽  
Marek Radkowski
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Development Course

Abstract The incidence of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is increasing throughout the world, but their pathogenesis remains unclear and successful treatment remains elusive. Bidirectional communications between the central nervous system and gut microbiota may play some role in the pathogenesis of the above disorders. Up to a thousand bacterial species reside in human intestine; they colonize the gut shortly after birth and remain for life. Numerous studies point to the role of microbiota composition in the development, course and treatment of MS, AD and PD.

scholarly journals Resolution of inflammation during multiple sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 711-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruiz ◽  
S. Vigne ◽  
C. Pot
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Successful Resolution ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inflammation Resolution

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). There are three clinical forms described: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), the most common initial presentation (85%) among which, if not treated, about half will transform, into the secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and the primary progressive MS (PPMS) (15%) that is directly progressive without superimposed clinical relapses. Inflammation is present in all subsets of MS. The relapsing/remitting form could represent itself a particular interest for the study of inflammation resolution even though it remains incomplete in MS. Successful resolution of acute inflammation is a highly regulated process and dependent on mechanisms engaged early in the inflammatory response that are scarcely studied in MS. Moreover, recent classes of disease-modifying treatment (DMTs) that are effective against RRMS act by re-establishing the inflammatory imbalance, taking advantage of the pre-existing endogenous suppressor. In this review, we will discuss the active role of regulatory immune cells in inflammation resolution as well as the role of tissue and non-hematopoietic cells as contributors to inflammation resolution. Finally, we will explore how DMTs, more specifically induction therapies, impact the resolution of inflammation during MS.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Granulocytes in Multiple Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonia Woodberry ◽  
Sophie Bouffler ◽  
Alicia Wilson ◽  
Rebecca Buckland ◽  
Anne Brüstle
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Granulocytes ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ms Pathogenesis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a strong autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory component. Most of the common disease modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS modulate the immune response targeting disease associated T and B cells and while none directly target neutrophils, several DMTs do impact their abundance or function. The role of neutrophils in MS remains unknown and research is ongoing to better understand the phenotype, function, and contribution of neutrophils to both disease onset and stage of disease. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of neutrophils and their function in MS, including in the rodent based MS model, and we discuss the potential effects of current treatments on these functions. We propose that neutrophils are likely to participate in MS pathogenesis and their abundance and function warrant monitoring in MS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document