scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Neuroglobin (Ngb) on retinal inflammatory chemokines and microglia in a rat model of transient hypoxia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Bo Bo Tun ◽  
Veluchamy Amutha Barathi ◽  
Chi D. Luu ◽  
Myoe Naing Lynn ◽  
Anita S. Y. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Rat Retina ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Sham Injection ◽  
Inflammatory Chemokines ◽  
Direct Delivery ◽  
Normoxic Control ◽  
Contralateral Eye

AbstractNeuroglobin is an endogenous neuroprotective protein. We determined the safety of direct delivery of Neuroglobin in the rat retina and its effects on retinal inflammatory chemokines and microglial during transient hypoxia. Exogenous Neuroglobin protein was delivered to one eye and a sham injection to the contralateral eye of six rats intravitreally. Fundus photography, Optical Coherence Topography, electroretinogram, histology and Neuroglobin, chemokines level were determined on days 7 and 30. Another 12 rats were subjected to transient hypoxia to assess the effect of Neuroglobin in hypoxia exposed retina by immunohistochemistry, retinal Neuroglobin concentration and inflammatory chemokines. Intravitreal injection of Neuroglobin did not incite morphology or functional changes in the retina. Retinal Neuroglobin protein was reduced by 30% at day 7 post hypoxia. It was restored to normoxic control levels with intravitreal exogenous Neuroglobin injections and sustained up to 30 days. IL-6, TNFα, IL-1B, RANTES, MCP-1 and VEGF were significantly decreased in Neuroglobin treated hypoxic retinae compared to non-treated hypoxic controls. This was associated with decreased microglial activation in the retina. Our findings provide proof of concept suggesting intravitreal Neuroglobin injection is non-toxic to the retina and can achieve the functional level to abrogate microglial and inflammatory chemokines responses during transient hypoxia.

scholarly journals Detailed Morphological Changes of Foveoschisis in Patient with X-Linked Retinoschisis Detected by SD-OCT and Adaptive Optics Fundus Camera

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Akeo ◽  
Shuhei Kameya ◽  
Kiyoko Gocho ◽  
Daiki Kubota ◽  
Kunihiko Yamaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Foveal Thickness ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Fundus Camera ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
Topical Dorzolamide ◽  
Retinal Folds ◽  
Sd Oct

Purpose. To report the morphological and functional changes associated with a regression of foveoschisis in a patient with X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS).Methods. A 42-year-old man with XLRS underwent genetic analysis and detailed ophthalmic examinations. Functional assessments included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), full-field electroretinograms (ERGs), and multifocal ERGs (mfERGs). Morphological assessments included fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and adaptive optics (AO) fundus imaging. After the baseline clinical data were obtained, topical dorzolamide was applied to the patient. The patient was followed for 24 months.Results. A reportedRS1gene mutation was found (P203L) in the patient. At the baseline, his decimal BCVA was 0.15 in the right and 0.3 in the left eye. Fundus photographs showed bilateral spoke wheel-appearing maculopathy. SD-OCT confirmed the foveoschisis in the left eye. The AO images of the left eye showed spoke wheel retinal folds, and the folds were thinner than those in fundus photographs. During the follow-up period, the foveal thickness in the SD-OCT images and the number of retinal folds in the AO images were reduced.Conclusions. We have presented the detailed morphological changes of foveoschisis in a patient with XLRS detected by SD-OCT and AO fundus camera. However, the findings do not indicate whether the changes were influenced by topical dorzolamide or the natural history.

Carbon monoxide treatment reduces microglial activation in the ischemic rat retina

2016 ◽  
Vol 254 (10) ◽  
pp. 1967-1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Ulbrich ◽  
Ulrich Goebel ◽  
Daniel Böhringer ◽  
Petar Charalambous ◽  
Wolf Alexander Lagrèze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Rat Retina

Late histological and functional changes in the P23H rat retina after photoreceptor loss

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kolomiets ◽  
Elisabeth Dubus ◽  
Manuel Simonutti ◽  
Serge Rosolen ◽  
José A. Sahel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Retina ◽  
Functional Changes

scholarly journals Ocular Involvement in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis: A Case Series Describing Novel Potential Biomarkers

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Angelo Maria Minnella ◽  
Roberta Rissotto ◽  
Martina Maceroni ◽  
Angela Romano ◽  
Romina Fasciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Photopic Negative Response ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Transthyretin Amyloidosis ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Corneal Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Corneal Nerve ◽  
Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) is a rare disease caused by a point mutation in the transthyretin (TTR) gene and inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. TTR is a plasma protein that functions as a carrier for thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A). Ophthalmological manifestations are due to both the hepatic and ocular production of mutated TTR. In this case series, we report the ocular manifestations of hATTR in eighteen eyes of nine consecutive patients. Corneal nerve abnormalities as well as morphological and functional changes in the retina were investigated. The study was a single-center, retrospective, observational, clinical case series. In all patients, corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), multimodal imaging of the retina, including fundus photography and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), as well as rod and cone electroretinography (ERG) were performed. Eight patients had active disease and one was an unaffected carrier. In all study eyes, corneal nerve plexa examined with CCM were poorly represented or absent. Mixed rod-cone and cone ERG b-wave amplitudes were reduced, and photopic b-wave responses were significantly delayed. Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) amplitude was significantly reduced, while PhNR latency was significantly augmented. In 13/18 eyes, vitreous opacities and abnormalities of vitreo-retinal interface were found. The current results highlight the presence of corneal nerve damage. Functional retinal abnormalities, detected by ERG, can be found even in the presence of minimal or absent structural retinal damage. These findings support the use of CCM and ERGs to detect early biomarkers for primary hATTR.

scholarly journals Retinal Changes in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Individual Participant Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos T Kazakos ◽  
Vasilios Karageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Individual Participant Data ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Individual Participant

Abstract Background Retinal assessment has indicated the presence of neuronal loss in neurodegenerative disorders, but its role in schizophrenia remains unclear. We sought to synthesize the available evidence considering 3 noninvasive modalities: optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and fundus photography, and examine their diagnostic accuracy based on unpublished individual participant data, when provided by the primary study authors. Methods We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, clinicaltrials.gov, PSYNDEX, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar, up to October 30, 2018. Authors were contacted and invited to share anonymized participant-level data. Aggregate data were pooled using random effects models. Diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis was based on multiple cutoffs logistic generalized linear mixed modeling. This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018109344. Results Pooled mean differences of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in micrometer between 694 eyes of 432 schizophrenia patients and 609 eyes of 358 controls, from 11 case-control studies, with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) by quadrant were the following: −4.55, 95% CI: −8.28, −0.82 (superior); −6.25, 95% CI: −9.46, −3.04 (inferior); −3.18, 95% CI: −5.04, −1.31 (nasal); and −2.7, 95% CI: −4.35, −1.04 (temporal). Diagnostic accuracy, based on 4 studies, was fair to poor, unaffected by age and sex; macular area measurements performed slightly better. Conclusion The notion of structural and functional changes in retinal integrity of patients with schizophrenia is supported with current evidence, but diagnostic accuracy is limited. The potential prognostic, theranostic, and preventive role of retinal evaluation remains to be examined.

scholarly journals Intestinal Transgene Delivery with Native E. coli Chassis Allows Persistent Physiological Changes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baylee J. Russell ◽  
Steven D. Brown ◽  
Anand R. Saran ◽  
Irene Mai ◽  
Amulya Lingaraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Bile Salt Hydrolase ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Curative Intent ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Host Physiology ◽  
Transgene Delivery ◽  
Stool Cultures

Live bacterial therapeutics (LBT) could reverse disease by engrafting in the gut and providing persistent beneficial functions in the host. However, attempts to functionally manipulate the gut microbiome of conventionally-raised (CR) hosts have been unsuccessful, because engineered microbial organisms (i.e., chassis) cannot colonize the hostile luminal environment. In this proof-of-concept study, we use native bacteria as chassis for transgene delivery to impact CR host physiology. Native Escherichia coli isolated from stool cultures of CR mice were modified to express functional bacterial (bile salt hydrolase) and eukaryotic (Interleukin-10) genes. Reintroduction of these strains induces perpetual engraftment in the intestine. In addition, engineered native E. coli can induce functional changes that affect host physiology and reverse pathology in CR hosts months after administration. Thus, using native bacteria as chassis to knock-in specific functions allows mechanistic studies of specific microbial activities in the microbiome of CR hosts, and enables LBT with curative intent.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Direct measurement of electron-diffraction-pattern intensities using an energy loss spectrometer

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
A. G. Jackson ◽  
M. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Site Symmetry ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Structure Calculations

Diffraction intensities from intermetallic compounds are, in the kinematic approximation, proportional to the scattering amplitude from the element doing the scattering. More detailed calculations have shown that site symmetry and occupation by various atom species also affects the intensity in a diffracted beam. [1] Hence, by measuring the intensities of beams, or their ratios, the occupancy can be estimated. Measurement of the intensity values also allows structure calculations to be made to determine the spatial distribution of the potentials doing the scattering. Thermal effects are also present as a background contribution. Inelastic effects such as loss or absorption/excitation complicate the intensity behavior, and dynamical theory is required to estimate the intensity value.The dynamic range of currents in diffracted beams can be 104or 105:1. Hence, detection of such information requires a means for collecting the intensity over a signal-to-noise range beyond that obtainable with a single film plate, which has a S/N of about 103:1. Although such a collection system is not available currently, a simple system consisting of instrumentation on an existing STEM can be used as a proof of concept which has a S/N of about 255:1, limited by the 8 bit pixel attributes used in the electronics. Use of 24 bit pixel attributes would easily allowthe desired noise range to be attained in the processing instrumentation. The S/N of the scintillator used by the photoelectron sensor is about 106 to 1, well beyond the S/N goal. The trade-off that must be made is the time for acquiring the signal, since the pattern can be obtained in seconds using film plates, compared to 10 to 20 minutes for a pattern to be acquired using the digital scan. Parallel acquisition would, of course, speed up this process immensely.

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