scholarly journals Bonobo personality predicts friendship

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Verspeek ◽  
Nicky Staes ◽  
Edwin J. C. van Leeuwen ◽  
Marcel Eens ◽  
Jeroen M. G. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Adult Sons ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Personality Similarity

AbstractIn bonobos, strong bonds have been documented between unrelated females and between mothers and their adult sons, which can have important fitness benefits. Often age, sex or kinship similarity have been used to explain social bond strength variation. Recent studies in other species also stress the importance of personality, but this relationship remains to be investigated in bonobos. We used behavioral observations on 39 adult and adolescent bonobos housed in 5 European zoos to study the role of personality similarity in dyadic relationship quality. Dimension reduction analyses on individual and dyadic behavioral scores revealed multidimensional personality (Sociability, Openness, Boldness, Activity) and relationship quality components (value, compatibility). We show that, aside from relatedness and sex combination of the dyad, relationship quality is also associated with personality similarity of both partners. While similarity in Sociability resulted in higher relationship values, lower relationship compatibility was found between bonobos with similar Activity scores. The results of this study expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying social bond formation in anthropoid apes. In addition, we suggest that future studies in closely related species like chimpanzees should implement identical methods for assessing bond strength to shed further light on the evolution of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals FAMILY CAREGIVERS’ RESPONSES TO DAILY BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS OF DEMENTIA: THE MODERATING ROLE OF RELATIONSHIP QUALITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S595-S595
Author(s):  
Richard E Chunga ◽  
Yin Liu ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Steven H Zarit
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Abstract Providing care for persons with dementia (PWD) is frequently regarded as highly stressful, but how caregivers perceive care-related stressors depends on a variety of contexts. Research has demonstrated that relationship quality between the caregiver and receiver – as an important dyadic context – can influence the magnitude of this perceived distress. Using 8-day diary data from 173 family caregivers of PWD (day N = 1,359), this study examined the moderating effect of relationship quality on caregivers’ stress responses to daily behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), comparing within- and between-person effects. Multilevel models suggested differences in the association between BPSD occurrence and perceived distress of BPSD (i.e., negative within-person association, but positive between-person association). However, we found that both associations were moderated by relationship quality; that is, better dyadic relationship quality seemed to be protective against distress at both within- and between-person levels.

Humor in leader-follower relationships: Humor styles, similarity and relationship quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wisse ◽  
Eric Rietzschel
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Humor Style ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe present study focuses on how humor may affect the quality of the relationship between leader and follower (LMX). More specifically, we examined the impact of follower self-reported humor style and leader self-reported humor style on the extent to which followers perceived their relationship with their leader to be of high quality (in terms of affect, loyalty, contribution and professional respect). We also investigated the role of congruence between leader humor style and follower humor style in the reported quality of their relationship. We present the results of a multi-level study of leaders (N = 88) and their followers (N = 257) showing that LMX is positively related to follower affiliative humor style and negatively related to follower aggressive humor style. In addition, LMX is higher with stronger congruence in self-defeating humor styles: leaders' self-defeating humor was positively associated with LMX when followers were high (and not when they were low) in self-defeating humor. These results imply that future studies may benefit from differentiating between different humor styles in order to better understand the role of humor in the intricate relationship between leaders and their followers.

scholarly journals Social-bond strength influences vocally mediated recruitment to mobbing

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 20160648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Kern ◽  
Andrew N. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Social Bond ◽  
Playback Experiments ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Mobbing Behaviour

Strong social bonds form between individuals in many group-living species, and these relationships can have important fitness benefits. When responding to vocalizations produced by groupmates, receivers are expected to adjust their behaviour depending on the nature of the bond they share with the signaller. Here we investigate whether the strength of the signaller–receiver social bond affects response to calls that attract others to help mob a predator. Using field-based playback experiments on a habituated population of wild dwarf mongooses ( Helogale parvula ), we first demonstrate that a particular vocalization given on detecting predatory snakes does act as a recruitment call; receivers were more likely to look, approach and engage in mobbing behaviour than in response to control close calls. We then show that individuals respond more strongly to these recruitment calls if they are from groupmates with whom they are more strongly bonded (those with whom they preferentially groom and forage). Our study, therefore, provides novel evidence about the anti-predator benefits of close bonds within social groups.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

Motives for Social Isolation Following a Negative Emotional Episode

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Gérald Delelis ◽  
Véronique Christophe
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Affiliation ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cognitive Regulation ◽  
Emotional Event ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Events

Abstract. After experiencing an emotional event, people either seek out others’ presence (social affiliation) or avoid others’ presence (social isolation). The determinants and effects of social affiliation are now well-known, but social psychologists have not yet thoroughly studied social isolation. This study aims to ascertain which motives and corresponding regulation strategies participants report for social isolation following negative emotional events. A group of 96 participants retrieved from memory an actual negative event that led them to temporarily socially isolate themselves and freely listed up to 10 motives for social isolation. Through semantic categorization of the 423 motives reported by the participants, we found that “cognitive clarification” and “keeping one’s distance” – that is, the need for cognitive regulation and the refusal of socioaffective regulation, respectively – were the most commonly and quickly reported motives for social isolation. We discuss the findings in terms of ideas for future studies aimed at clarifying the role of social isolation in health situations.

Personality Characteristics of Tulpamancers and Their Tulpas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Martin ◽  
Bailey Thompson ◽  
Steven Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Personality Similarity

Tulpamancy is a practice that involves the creation of imagined sentient companions, tulpas, who abide within their human host's mind. The primary aim of our study was to examine the personality characteristics of tulpas and their hosts. Further, we examined the role of personality similarity in predicting relationship satisfaction. Individuals with tulpas completed an online questionnaire of host and tulpa personality and scales of host’s relationship satisfaction. Our pre-registered analyses (https://aspredicted.org/blind.php?x= bi484h) found that hosts reported positive experiences with their tulpas. While we predicted that the personalities of the host and tulpa would be complementary, our results indicated they were more consistent with a similarity perspective. Finally, our hypothesis that the personalities of hosts and tulpas would be related to perceived relationship satisfaction was supported for certain personality characteristics. Our results provide evidence that the tulpa-host relationship may function as a beneficial mechanism in the lives of the host.

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