scholarly journals Serum Metabolic Profiles of the Tryptophan-Kynurenine Pathway in the high risk subjects of major depressive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Sakurai ◽  
Yasuko Yamamoto ◽  
Noriyo Kanayama ◽  
Masaya Hasegawa ◽  
Akihiro Mouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals The overlap of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease can be used to identify metabolically different groups of individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona J. Strawbridge ◽  
Keira J. A. Johnston ◽  
Mark E. S. Bailey ◽  
Damiano Baldassarre ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractUnderstanding why individuals with severe mental illness (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) have increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and identifying those at highest risk of cardiometabolic disease are important priority areas for researchers. For individuals with European ancestry we explored whether genetic variation could identify sub-groups with different metabolic profiles. Loci associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder from previous genome-wide association studies and loci that were also implicated in cardiometabolic processes and diseases were selected. In the IMPROVE study (a high cardiovascular risk sample) and UK Biobank (general population sample) multidimensional scaling was applied to genetic variants implicated in both psychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders. Visual inspection of the resulting plots used to identify distinct clusters. Differences between these clusters were assessed using chi-squared and Kruskall-Wallis tests. In IMPROVE, genetic loci associated with both schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease (but not bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder) identified three groups of individuals with distinct metabolic profiles. This grouping was replicated within UK Biobank, with somewhat less distinction between metabolic profiles. This work focused on individuals of European ancestry and is unlikely to apply to more genetically diverse populations. Overall, this study provides proof of concept that common biology underlying mental and physical illness may help to stratify subsets of individuals with different cardiometabolic profiles.

scholarly journals Putative Neuroprotective and Neurotoxic Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites Are Associated with Hippocampal and Amygdalar Volumes in Subjects with Major Depressive Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Savitz ◽  
Wayne C Drevets ◽  
Chelsey M Smith ◽  
Teresa A Victor ◽  
Brent E Wurfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Secretion in Children and Adolescents at High Risk for Major Depressive Disorder

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Birmaher ◽  
Ronald E. Dahl ◽  
Douglas E. Williamson ◽  
James M. Perel ◽  
David A. Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals Prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study of major depressive disorder in young individuals at high familial risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 2351-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nickson ◽  
S. W. Y. Chan ◽  
M. Papmeyer ◽  
L. Romaniuk ◽  
A. Macdonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies indicate abnormalities in cortico-limbic circuitry in mood disorder. Here we employ prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry to examine the trajectory of these abnormalities during early stages of illness development.MethodUnaffected individuals (16–25 years) at high and low familial risk of mood disorder underwent structural brain imaging on two occasions 2 years apart. Further clinical assessment was conducted 2 years after the second scan (time 3). Clinical outcome data at time 3 was used to categorize individuals: (i) healthy controls (‘low risk’, n = 48); (ii) high-risk individuals who remained well (HR well, n = 53); and (iii) high-risk individuals who developed a major depressive disorder (HR MDD, n = 30). Groups were compared using longitudinal voxel-based morphometry. We also examined whether progress to illness was associated with changes in other potential risk markers (personality traits, symptoms scores and baseline measures of childhood trauma), and whether any changes in brain structure could be indexed using these measures.ResultsSignificant decreases in right amygdala grey matter were found in HR MDD v. controls (p = 0.001) and v. HR well (p = 0.005). This structural change was not related to measures of childhood trauma, symptom severity or measures of sub-diagnostic anxiety, neuroticism or extraversion, although cross-sectionally these measures significantly differentiated the groups at baseline.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings implicate structural amygdala changes in the neurobiology of mood disorder. They also provide a potential biomarker for risk stratification capturing additional information beyond clinically ascertained measures.

Psychosocial Functioning in Youths at High Risk to Develop Major Depressive Disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
BORIS BIRMAHER ◽  
JEFFREY A. BRIDGE ◽  
DOUGLAS E. WILLIAMSON ◽  
DAVID A. BRENT ◽  
RONALD E. DAHL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Major Depressive

scholarly journals The overlap of genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiometabolic disease can be used to identify metabolically different groups of individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona J. Strawbridge ◽  
Keira J. A. Johnston ◽  
Mark E. S. Bailey ◽  
Damiano Baldasarre ◽  
Breda Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Squared

AbstractUnderstanding why individuals with severe mental illness (Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder) have increased risk of cardiometabolic disease (including obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and identifying those at highest risk of cardiometabolic disease are important priority areas for researcher. We explored whether genetic variation could identify individuals with different metabolic profiles. Loci previously associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder were identified from literature and those overlapping loci genotyped on the Illumina CardioMetabo and Immuno chips (representing cardiometabolic processes and diseases) were selected. In the IMPROVE study (high cardiovascular risk) and UK Biobank (general population) multidimensional scaling was applied to genetic variants implicated in both mental and cardiometabolic illness. Visual inspection of the resulting plots used to identify distinct clusters. Differences between clusters were assessed using chi-squared and Kruskall-Wallis tests. In IMPROVE, genetic loci associated with both cardiometabolic disease and schizophrenia (but not bipolar or major depressive disorders) identified three groups of individuals with distinct metabolic profiles. The grouping was replicated in UK Biobank, albeit with less distinction between metabolic profiles. This study provides proof of concept that common biology underlying mental and physical illness can identify subsets of individuals with different cardiometabolic profiles.

scholarly journals Contribution of Religion/spirituality and Major Depressive Disorder to Altruism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Neugebauer ◽  
Priya Wickramaratne ◽  
Connie Svob ◽  
Clayton McClintock ◽  
Marc J. Gameroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Depressive

Background. In most studies, religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are positively associated with altruism, whereas depression is negatively associated. However, the cross-sectional designs of these studies limit their epidemiological value. We examine the association of R/S and major depressive disorder (MDD) with altruism in a five year longitudinal study nested in a larger prospective study.Methods. Depressed and non-depressed individuals and their first- and second-generation offspring were assessed over several decades. At Year30 after baseline, R/S was measured using participants’ self-report; MDD, by clinical interview. At Year35, participants completed a measure of altruism. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression; statistical significance, set at p<.05. two-tailed.Results. In the overall sample, both R/S and MDD were significantly associated with altruism, AOR 2.52 (95% CI 1.15-5.49) and AOR 2.43 (95% CI 1.05-5.64), respectively; in the High Risk group alone, the corresponding AORs were 4.69 (95% CI 1.39-15.84) and 4.74 (95% CI 1.92-11.72). Among highly R/S people in the High Risk group, the AOR for MDD with altruism was 22.55 (95% CI 1.23-414.60) p<.04; among the remainder, it was 3.12 (95% CI 0.63-15.30), a substantial but non-significant difference.Limitations. Altruism is based on self-report, not observation, hence, vulnerable to bias.Conclusions. MDD’s positive association with elevated altruism concurs with studies of posttraumatic growth in finding developmental growth from adversity. The conditions that foster MDD’s positive association with altruism and the contribution of R/S to this process requires further study.

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