scholarly journals Addressing the “minimum parking” problem for on-demand mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Kondor ◽  
Paolo Santi ◽  
Diem-Trinh Le ◽  
Xiaohu Zhang ◽  
Adam Millard-Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Parking Problem ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
The City ◽  
Systematic Framework

Abstract Parking infrastructure is pervasive and occupies large swaths of land in cities. However, on-demand (OD) mobility has started reducing parking needs in urban areas around the world. This trend is expected to grow significantly with the advent of autonomous driving, which might render on-demand mobility predominant. Recent studies have started looking at expected parking reductions with on-demand mobility, but a systematic framework is still lacking. In this paper, we apply a data-driven methodology based on shareability networks to address what we call the “minimum parking” problem: what is the minimum parking infrastructure needed in a city for given on-demand mobility needs? While solving the problem, we also identify a critical tradeoff between two public policy goals: less parking means increased vehicle travel from deadheading between trips. By applying our methodology to the city of Singapore we discover that parking infrastructure reduction of up to 86% is possible, but at the expense of a 24% increase in traffic measured as vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT). However, a more modest 57% reduction in parking is achievable with only a 1.3% increase in VKT. We find that the tradeoff between parking and traffic obeys an inverse exponential law which is invariant with the size of the vehicle fleet. Finally, we analyze parking requirements due to passenger pick-ups and show that increasing convenience produces a substantial increase in parking for passenger pickup/dropoff. The above findings can inform policy-makers, mobility operators, and society at large on the tradeoffs required in the transition towards pervasive on-demand mobility.

THE ARGUMENTATION FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF URBAN CONSOLIDATION CENTER FOR THE OLD TOWN IN GDAŃSK AS AN INDICATION OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN FREIGHT LOGISTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (0) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Matusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
Freight Logistics ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Consolidation

Distribution of goods in urban areas is one of the most important factors affecting the operation of the region but the management of these services is often overlooked by transport policy makers in Polish cities. Historical buildings create additional difficulties because they make the infrastructure development impossible. It is estimated that in large European cities approximately 25% of CO2 emissions, 30% of nitrogen oxides and 50% of particulates from transport are emitted by trucks and vans. The doctoral thesis presents methods used to optimize distribution processes in cities with historic buildings in Europe and around the world. It also presents the results of a research carried out in the Old Town of Gdańsk and proposes a method to optimize distribution processes for the area, which was the main objective of the work. The hypothesis of the trial has been formulated as follows: locating Urban Consolidation Center not far away from the center of the City of Gdańsk would bring tangible benefits for the city and all users of the urban space. The study used a method of analysis and criticism of literature; detailed study of a particular case and the method of observation. According to the design model, the proposed solution will bring tangible benefits to all users of space – residents, businesses and city authorities. The results of tests carried out on account of this thesis were provided to the city authorities.

A Review on the Factors Influencing the Park-and-Ride Traffic Management Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Ahmed Memon ◽  
Napiah Madzlan ◽  
Mir Aftab Hussain Talpur ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Hakro ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Chandio
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Park And Ride ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The City

Park-and-ride is a traffic management method of traffic congestion problem in urban areas. As an extent of total demand management, park-and-ride service (P&R service) has broadly implemented in many countries. P&R service has proven to be progressive in alleviating traffic congestion despite of complication in finding parking spaces in the city centers. The objective of this research is to discuss a model to shift car travelers’ to park-and-ride service (P&R service) and to investigate the factors which influence car travelers’ behavior. This study can support policy makers’ with useful information for future planning and development of park-and-ride service. Research outcomes will support policy-making and provide base for future study on modal choice behavior model for park-and-ride service.

Understanding the Pursuit of Happiness in Ten Major Cities

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Leyden ◽  
Abraham Goldberg ◽  
Philip Michelbach
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Pursuit Of Happiness ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The City

The pursuit of happiness has a long history as a primary political end in Western political thought. Along with traditional economic indicators, policy makers are increasingly concerned with the subjective well-being of a society as a measure for its success. It is important to understand the nature of happiness and ask what can be done to improve it. This article builds upon existing literature that consistently identifies health, wealth, and social connectedness as key predictors of happiness. We find that the design and conditions of cities are associated with the happiness of residents in 10 urban areas. Cities that provide easy access to convenient public transportation and to cultural and leisure amenities promote happiness. Cities that are affordable and serve as good places to raise children also have happier residents. We suggest that such places foster the types of social connections that can improve happiness and ultimately enhance the attractiveness of living in the city.

scholarly journals Smart governance of urban data

2021 ◽  
Vol 301 ◽  
pp. 05005
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Dang Que Nguyen ◽  
Tatiana Bonkalo ◽  
Oleg Grebennikov
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Intelligent City ◽  
Smart Governance ◽  
Urban Data

This paper focuses on the smart governance of urban data. Recently, the idea of an intelligent city has gained increased attention among technologists, urban scientists, stakeholders, companies and policy makers in the last decades. The new paradigm of the cities in the 21st century and what it entails is seen by everyone, including the authors of this article, as a viable response to the unprecedented rate of urbanization most nations are experiencing. Advanced smart cities are beginning to go beyond infrastructure and to use big data. The whole idea behind smart cities is to harness intelligent technologies and data-driven contextual governance models to mitigate and prevent the challenges that arise when an estimated 2 billion people move to urban areas. This is why collecting and analysing urban data becomes a key priority in this field. The development of Big Data analysis using the Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes the domain of urban governments and stakeholders. This research contemplates over these issues and provides many examples from around smart cities around the world that can be used as reference points or inspiration for the policy-makers engaged in the smart city governance and urban planning.

Assessing heat wave mitigation strategies in a Mediterranean coastal city: how effective are cool roofs and urban green? 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Ventura ◽  
Alba Badia ◽  
Ricard Segura ◽  
Joan Gilabert ◽  
Carme Llasat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Cool Roofs ◽  
Urban Master Plan ◽  
The City

<p>Heat waves (HW) are expected to become more frequent and intense in urban areas, where currently 54% of the population resides (United Nations, 2018) and 60% are expected to do so by 2030. Urban policy makers are proposing various mitigation strategies, but currently lack the tools to determine how effective they will be in terms of the city´s geography climate and urban morphology. We use the Weather and Research Forecasting Model (WRF)  with the multi-layer Urban Scheme Building Effect Parametrization (BEP) and Building Energy Model (BEP+BEM) (Martilli et al., 2002), to simulate three scenarios proposed by the Urban Master Plan of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (AMB) for potential implementation. We include detailed input data using cartography at 10 m resolution and eleven urban classes.  We simulate a HW episode that occurred in July-August 2015 when temperatures reached 40°C during the day and did not go below 25°C at night, for more than five consecutive days. The three potential scenarios simulated are: 1) Increasing the albedo of rooftops to 0.85 for certain urban classes, 2) Increasing the urban green by an additional 255.64 ha according to the proposal of the Master Urban Plan for 2030 with two different irrigation schemes and 3) a combination of these two complementary mitigation strategies. We find that the cool roofs reduce temperatures best during the day (average reductions of 2.22°C), while the additional green areas help moderate temperatures evenly during the day and nighttime (average reductions of 0.15°C and 0.17°C, respectively). However, when irrigation is increased from 2 to 5L/m<sup>2</sup>day, the temperature reduction potential during the day is intensified due to the cooling effect of more evapotranspiration. The thermal regulation potential of the combined scenario is the most propagated over the AMB and has the highest impact with average daytime reductions of 1.26°C and maximum reduction of 4.73°C at 13:00 UTC.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Urban Manufacturing for a Circular Economy in Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Tanya Tsui ◽  
David Peck ◽  
Bob Geldermans ◽  
Arjan van Timmeren
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Resource Flows ◽  
The City

In recent years, implementing a circular economy in cities (or “circular cities”) has been proposed by policy makers as a potential solution for achieving sustainability. One strategy for circular cities is to reintroduce manufacturing into urban areas (or “urban manufacturing”), allowing resource flows to be localized at the city scale. However, the extent to which urban manufacturing contributes to circular cities is unclear in existing literature. The purpose of this paper is therefore twofold: to understand whether urban manufacturing could contribute to the circular economy, and to understand the drivers and barriers to circular urban manufacturing. By reviewing existing literature and interviewing experts, we identified the caveats for the contribution of urban manufacturing to circular cities, as well as the spatial, social, and material-related drivers and barriers for circular urban manufacturing.

scholarly journals Making it Concrete: Analysing the Role of Concrete Plants’ Locations for Circular City Policy Goals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel B.J. Van den Berghe ◽  
Teun J. Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Critical Material ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Circular Loop ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Hague ◽  
City Policy

Increasingly, space for remanufacturing is seen as the most valuable resource to achieve circular economy (CE) policy goals, in particular for cities. However, in many cities, industrial urban areas are increasingly subject of – mostly circular designed - residential redevelopment. The proposition of this paper is that these diminishing industrial areas host, at least potentially, essential functions necessary to “close the material loop.” The reason why policy makers neglect the necessity of remanufacturing capacity, is because it is difficult to pinpoint the “ideal” geography of a circular loop. Most (circular) products can be transported limitless, thus their remanufacturing functions can be located around the world. But what if a critical material cannot be transported limitless and has circular potential? Therefore, this paper focusses on concrete for two reasons. First, concrete is by far the most abundant material in urban areas. Second, newly/circular made fluid concrete can only be transported for a limited time and distance. The hypothesis of this paper is that concrete plants are and will become essential for circular cities. Subsequently, we focus on the Dutch city of The Hague and combine a Material Flow Analysis with the locations of the concrete resupply chain. Our results show that potentially The Hague has a 100% circular concrete chain, but the importance of its concrete plant is (implicitly) neglected. We conclude that The Hague is illustrative for the problem of many circular cities that are without (implicitly) taking into account the whole circular resupply chain, jeopardized today a future urban CE.

scholarly journals DASHBOARDS FOR INPUT-EVALUATION OF POLICY PROGRAMS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM AN ANTWERP DASHBOARD FOR GARDEN STREETS

2020 ◽  
Vol VI-4/W2-2020 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
J. Vannieuwenhuyze
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The City

Abstract. There is an ever-growing trend to pursue policies based on evidence-based and data-driven program evaluation research. In order to facilitate such evaluation research, electronic dashboards are increasingly used for translating sources of big and unstructured data into low-level summary visualizations understandable by layman policy-makers. In this paper, we report on the dashboard development process for an input-evaluation of new garden streets in the city of Antwerp. During this process, different lessons were learned. First, developers should start from a clearly defined policy question and analysis units in order to optimize the development process. Second, different types of key performance indicators exist, which should also be well-defined in advance so that appropriate data can be collected. Third, a dashboard should not be restricted to purely objective data-analyses but may also include features that facilitate subjective evaluation guided by assumptions and believes of the dashboard-user. These lessons helped us to make the dashboard requirements of Antwerp more concrete. Likewise, they may help other policy supporting dashboard developers to optimize their development processes.

scholarly journals Public Transport-Based Crowdshipping for Sustainable City Logistics: Assessing Economic and Environmental Impacts

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio Gatta ◽  
Edoardo Marcucci ◽  
Marialisa Nigro ◽  
Sergio Patella ◽  
Simone Serafini
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

This paper aims at understanding and evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of a crowdshipping platform in urban areas. The investigation refers to the city of Rome and considers an environmental-friendly crowdshipping based on the use of the mass transit network of the city, where customers/crowdshippers pick-up/drop-off goods in automated parcel lockers located either inside the transit stations or in their surroundings. Crowdshippers are passengers that would use the transit network anyhow for other activities (e.g., home-to-work), thus avoiding additional trips. The study requires firstly, estimating the willingness to buy a crowdshipping service like the one proposed here, in order to quantify the potential demand. The estimation is realized adopting an extensive stated preference survey and discrete choice modeling. Then, several scenarios with different features of the service are proposed and evaluated up to 2025 in terms of both externalities (local and global pollutant emissions, noise emissions and accidents reductions) and revenues. The results are useful to understand and quantify the potential of this strategy for last mile B2C deliveries. Moreover, it provides local policy-makers and freight companies with a good knowledge base for the future development of a platform for public transport-based crowdshipping and for estimating the likely impact the system could have both from an economic and environmental point of view.

scholarly journals Data Driven Approaches for Sustainable Development of E-Mobility in Urban Areas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3949
Author(s):  
Marialisa Nigro ◽  
Marina Ferrara ◽  
Rosita De Vincentis ◽  
Carlo Liberto ◽  
Gaetano Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Energy And Environment ◽  
The City

This study focuses on a modeling framework to support mobility planners and energy providers in the sustainable development of electric mobility in urban areas. Specifically, models are provided to simulate measures for the optimal management of energy demand and thoughtful planning of charging infrastructures in order to avoid congestion on the power grid. The measures, and consequently the models, are classified according to short-term initiatives based on multimodality between electric vehicles and public transport (Park and Ride), as well as medium to long-term initiatives based on the development of an energy-oriented land use of the city. All the models are data-driven, and different sets of floating car data available for the city of Rome (Italy) have been exploited for this aim. The models are currently being implemented in an agent-based simulator for electric urban mobility adopted by the National Agency for Energy and Environment in Italy (ENEA).

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