scholarly journals Light environments affect herbivory patterns but not reproductive performance of a multivoltine specialist moth, Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osariyekemwen O. Uyi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Leaf Toughness ◽  
Pareuchaetes Pseudoinsulata

Abstract Unravelling the responses of insect herbivores to light-environment-mediated variation in the traits of their host plants is central to our understanding of the nutritional ecology of, and factors driving the population dynamics in, these species. This study examined the effect of light environment (shaded vs full-sun habitat) on leaf toughness and leaf nutritional quality in Chromolaena odorata (an invasive species in West Africa) and related these attributes to the abundance, herbivory patterns and reproductive performance of a multivoltine specialist moth, Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata (a biological control agent). In this system, plants growing in shaded areas in the field experienced more herbivory and had higher herbivore abundance than those growing in full-sun. In the laboratory, P. pseudoinsulata larvae consumed significantly greater amounts of shaded foliage relative to full-sun foliage. However, reproductive performance metrics such as mating success, pre-oviposition period, number of eggs laid, duration of egg laying, egg hatchability, and adult longevity in P. pseudoinsulata did not differ according to foliage types. Reduced leaf toughness, increased water and nitrogen contents in shaded leaves coincided with increased leaf consumption by the larvae of P. pseudoinsulata. In summary, this study showed for the first time that light environments affect herbivory patterns but not reproductive performance of P. pseudoinsulata and hypothesized that high foliar nitrogen and water contents in shaded leaves resulted in feedback and necessity consumption patterns.

The biology and host specificity of Pareuchaetes aurata aurata (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), a ‘new association’ biological control agent for Chromolaena odorata (Compositae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Kluge ◽  
P.M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ant Predation ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Pareuchaetes Pseudoinsulata ◽  
New Association

AbstractPareuchaetes aurata aurata (Butler) from Chromolaena jujuensis in northern Argentina was tested as a biological control candidate for the composite weed C. odorata. The larvae feed voraciously and complete their development on C. odorata. The host-plant feeding range of P. a. aurata is limited to the genus Chromolaena. It is suggested that the egg-laying behaviour of P. a. aurata, which scatters its eggs around the base of the host-plant, will help to overcome the problem of ant predation which prevented the establishment of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros, which lays its eggs in batches, in South Africa. Any possible benefits of the new association between P. a. aurata and C. odorata may also contribute to the success of this biological control programme.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Life History and Parasitization Behavior of Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Modesto del Pino ◽  
Juan Ramón Gallego ◽  
Estrella Hernández Suárez ◽  
Tomás Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Trichogramma Achaeae

Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is currently used as biological control agent for several lepidopteran pests. Knowledge of thermal requirements is essential to optimize its rearing procedures and inundative releases. The biological characteristics and two-sex life table parameters of T. achaeae were determined at five constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) using Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs. T. achaeae was able to develop and survive from 15 °C to 30 °C, but not at 35 °C. Temperature significantly affected the preadult development time and adult longevity, decreasing when temperature increased from 15 °C to 30 °C. Temperature significantly altered the sex ratio, being female biased between 15 °C and 25 °C. Age-stage, two-sex life table analysis indicated that net reproductive rate (R0) was highest at 20 °C. Both the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) increased with increasing temperature, while the mean generation time (T) decreased significantly. In addition, functional response of T. achaeae was studied, being significantly affected by temperature and host egg density, displaying a Holling type-I at 15 °C and a Holling type-II at 25 °C. The relevance of these results is discussed for the use of T. achaeae as biological control agent.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Physical and Anatomical Characteristics on the Ovipositional Preference of Orius sauteri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 326
Author(s):  
Liu Zhang ◽  
Zifang Qin ◽  
Pingping Liu ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Gary W. Felton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Ovipositional Preference ◽  
Lobularia Maritima

Natural enemies play an important role in managing insect pests. Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), a predator of many soft-body insects, is an important biological control agent in Asia. Understanding this predator’s egg-laying preferences and a habitat needs is important for its success in pest control. We investigated the plant acceptability and ovipositional preference of O. sauteri for coriander (Coriadrum sativum L., Apiales: Apiaceae), marigold (Tagetes erecta L., Asterales: Asteraceae), sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima L., Brassicales: Brassicaceae), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Fabales: Fabaceae), and focused on the effects of plant physical and anatomical characteristics on the ovipositional preference of O. sauteri. The results showed that O. sauteri can lay eggs on uninfested plants in the vegetative stage and their eggs hatched normally. Orius sauteri females prefer plants with high stomatal density, a large stomatal area, and fewer trichomes as oviposition hosts, and the depth of egg placement was determined by leaf thickness. Our studies suggested that O. sauteri females can select oviposition hosts and specific oviposition sites by assessing the structural qualities of plant surface. Coriander and marigold are potentially suitable host plants for O.sauteri. The results aid the selection of cover crops to enhance natural enemies in the fields.

scholarly journals Advancements in Mass Rearing the Air Potato Beetle Lilioceris cheni

Insects ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Emily C. Kraus ◽  
Rosemary Murray ◽  
Cassandra Kelm ◽  
Ryan Poffenberger ◽  
Eric Rohrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Potato Vine ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Consumer Services ◽  
Distribution Studies

The air potato beetle, Lilioceris cheni Gressitt and Kimoto (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), is a successful biological control agent of the air potato vine, Dioscorea bulbifera L. (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae), in the southern United States. Lilioceris cheni is currently being mass-reared by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry (FDACS-DPI) for biological control releases and research. The facility rears and releases over 50,000 adult beetles annually at approximately 1000 different locations. In addition to data on beetle production and distribution, studies on alternative larval and adult diets are described. Adults fed bulbils as the sole food source had reduced life spans compared with beetles given fresh air potato leaves. Adults survived without air potato leaves or bulbils for several days to two weeks depending on availability of leaves at emergence. Larvae did not survive on a modified artificial Colorado potato beetle diet containing fresh air potato vine leaves. Adults survived while consuming artificial diet but ceased oviposition. They, however, resumed egg laying less than one week after being returned to a diet of fresh air potato vine leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of a Physical Barrier on Adult Emergence and Egg Survival Associated with the Fungus Gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), under Laboratory Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Raudenbush ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd ◽  
Erik R. Echegaray
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
Recycled Glass ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Rove Beetle ◽  
Fungus Gnat ◽  
Series Of Experiments

This study was conducted to assess the direct and indirect effects of Growstones™ aggregates, which are made from recycled glass, on fungus gnat, Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila (Diptera: Sciaridae), adult emergence, female egg-laying capacity, and egg survival. A series of experiments were performed under laboratory conditions to evaluate the effect of different sizes (2.0 to 10.0 mm) of Growstones™ aggregates, layer thicknesses (0.63 to 3.18 cm), and the use of the biological control agent, the rove beetle, Dalotia coriaria, along with different thicknesses (1.27 and 3.18 cm) of small Growstones™ aggregates on fungus gnat adult emergence. For each experiment, Growstones™ aggregates were applied to the surface of the growing medium in 473-mL polypropylene deli containers. This study demonstrated that the thickest (3.18 cm) layer of small (2.0 mm) Growstones™ aggregates significantly reduced or delayed the emergence of fungus gnat adults. In addition, the thickest layer of small Growstones™ aggregates may have indirectly affected egg survival. However, the use of Growstones™ along with rove beetle adults did not significantly reduce fungus gnat adult emergence.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of isolated essential oils from three medicinal plants on the biological control agent, Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asadi ◽  
Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi ◽  
Gadir Nouri-Ganbalani ◽  
Bahram Naseri ◽  
Mahdi Hassanpour
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Habrobracon Hebetor ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

The effects of Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae), Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae) essential oils were investigated on the biological control agent, Habrobracon hebetor Say. The female wasps of H. hebetor were treated by LC30 concentrations of the tested essential oils for 24 h and their demography was investigated. Results indicated that the adult longevity, survival, fecundity, fertility, hatch rate, offspring sex ratio and the other demographic parameters negatively were affected by these essential oils. At the same time, our findings indicated that G. glabra essential oil has the less severe effect on H. hebetor. Accordingly, G. glabra essential oil seems to be a compatible botanical compound with H. hebetor for applying in integrated pest management programs.

scholarly journals Reoccurrence of Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata Rego Barros (Arctiidae: Lepidoptera) population in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, India: A biological control agent of the weed, Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
C. P. Arjun ◽  
V. Sarojkumar ◽  
N. P. Sooraj ◽  
V. R. Prakash ◽  
R. Jaishanker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Field Release ◽  
Pareuchaetes Pseudoinsulata ◽  
Resistant Population

Authors report the reoccurrence of <em>Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata</em> Rego Barros larvae at Technopark campus, Thiruvananthapuram. The larvae of<em> P. pseudoinsulata</em> were found feeding voraciously on terminal and axillary buds and leaves of <em>Chromolena odorata</em>. The recent report helps to identify the elite and resistant population for further field release to control <em>C. odorata</em>.

Ovipositional behaviour of Macrolophus caliginosus (Heteroptera: Miridae) on tobacco leaves

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ferran ◽  
A. Rortais ◽  
J.C. Malausa ◽  
J. Gambier ◽  
M. Lambin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Macrolophus Caliginosus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe ovipositional behaviour of the mirid predator Macrolophus caliginosus Wagner, a potential biological control agent of glasshouse pests, was studied in detail using a modified video camera technique. In the laboratory, females laid their eggs in the leaves of tobacco plants. They remained generally motionless on the main veins of the leaves, raised their body, folded the rostrum towards the thorax and extended their ovipositor when selecting a site in which to oviposit. The ovipositor was inserted into the plant tissue by a downward and forward thrust of the body and contractions of the abdominal muscles. After a period of immobility, the ovipositor was retracted and the insect's body and organs returned to their initial positions. This behaviour was preceded and followed by extensive rostral exploration of the oviposition site. In most females the same area was explored before and after egg-laying and the ovipositor was inserted approximately in the middle of the selected area. The sequence and pattern of ovipositional behaviour varied between females.

Parasitism, development and adult longevity of the egg parasitoid Telenomus nawai (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on the eggs of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fukuda ◽  
S. Wakamura ◽  
N. Arakaki ◽  
K. Yamagishi
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Laboratory Emergence ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractWhen Telenomus nawai Ashmead or Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was inoculated into intact egg masses of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) that were covered with a scale-hair layer, T. nawai emerged from 76% of the eggs, while emergence of T. ostriniae was from only 3% of the eggs. When the hair layer was removed before inoculation, the rate by the latter increased to 21%. These observations confirmed that the hair layer effectively protects S. litura egg masses from attack by T. ostriniae, and that T. nawai parasitism is more effective. In order to assess the feasibility of T. nawai as a biological control agent for S. litura, parasitism rate, development time and adult longevity were examined in the laboratory. Emergence of T. nawai was observed in more than 95% of 0- and 1-day-old separated eggs of S. litura, but the rate decreased to 60% and 0% for 2- and 3-day-old eggs, respectively. The emergence rates of T. nawai were near 95% for temperatures in a range from 25°C to 35°C, but decreased to 80% at 20°C. No parasitoids emerged at 15°C. The developmental periods decreased as temperature increased from 20°C to 35°C. The developmental threshold occurred at 13.7°C and 13.9°C, and the effective accumulative temperatures from egg to adult emergence were 149.3 and 147.1 degree-days for females and males, respectively. Mean longevity of the adult females decreased with increasing temperature; 87.0 days at 15°C and 9.5 days at 35°C. The feasibility of the use of T. nawai for controlling S. litura is discussed.

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