Greater hippocampal gray matter volume in subjective hyperosmia: a voxel-based morphometry study

Abstract Subjective hyperosmia refers to a self-reported olfactory ability that is superior to a normal, intact sense of smell (normosmia), and is associated with olfactory emotional experience. The current study used voxel-based morphometry to investigate the gray matter volume (GMV) in people with self-rated hyperosmia (subjective hyperosmia, SH, N = 18) in comparison to people with self-rated normal olfaction (subjective normosmia, SN, N = 14). Participants’ olfactory function were assessed by the extensive olfactory test battery, the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Within the predicted brain regions (regions-of-interest analyses), the SH participants showed larger GMV of the left hippocampus as compared to SN participants (FWE corrected p < 0.05). Further, the whole-brain search indicated that SH had larger GMV of the bilateral hippocampus, the right hypothalamus, the left precuneus, and the left superior frontal gyrus as compared to the SN group. ROI analyses showed positive correlations between the left hippocampal GMV and odor threshold or discrimination scores across all participants. In addition, the whole-brain analysis suggested that the self-rated olfactory ability was positively associated with GMV in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus among SH participants. In conclusion, the current results suggest that SH was associated with increased GMV in several brain regions that were previously shown to be involved in the processing of cognitive aspects of odors.

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Developmental brain structural atypicalities in autism: A voxel-based morphometry analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1066676/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Wang ◽

Zeng-Hui Ma ◽

Ling-Zi Xu ◽

Liu Yang ◽

Zhao-Zheng Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Age Groups ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Autism Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Parietal Lobule

Abstract Background Accumulating structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) studies have showed atypicalities in developmental changes of structural regional brain in autism, with largely inconsistent results. Methods The current study investigated the brain structural abnormal features of autistic individuals aged 6~30 years. We included 52 autism individuals and 50 age, gender, and IQ matched typically developing individuals (TD), who were divided into three groups: childhood (6-12 years old), adolescent (13-18 years old) and adulthood (19-30 years old). Whole brain volume and Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analyses were employed on the sMRI data collected from our participants. Results We found no significant difference in the volume of whole brain, gray matter and white matter between autism and TD groups of the three age groups. For VBM analyses, the volumes of gray matter in right superior temporal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in children autism group were smaller than those in TD group; the volume of gray matter in left inferior parietal lobule in adolescent autism group was larger than that in TD group; the volume of gray matter in right middle occipital gyrus in adult autism group was larger than that in TD group, and the gray matter in left posterior cingulate gyrus was smaller than that in TD group. Conclusions Findings suggest autism individuals showed different atypical brain regions of gray matter volume in childhood, adolescent, and adulthood relative to their normal peers respectively, indiciating that it is essential to take developmental perspectives into consideration when exploring brain structural abnormalities in autism.

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Fluctuating Asymmetry and Individual Variation in Regional Gray and White Matter Volumes: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Evolutionary Psychology ◽

10.1177/147470490800600408 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 147470490800600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matthew Euler ◽

Robert J. Thoma ◽

Lauren Parks ◽

Steven W. Gangestad ◽

Ronald A. Yeo

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Brain White Matter ◽

Mri Scans

Composite measures of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of skeletal features are commonly used to estimate developmental instability (DI), the imprecise expression of developmental design due to perturbations during an individual's growth and maturation. Though many studies have detailed important behavioral correlates of FA, very little is known about its possible neuroanatomical correlates. In this study we obtained structural brain MRI scans from 20 adults and utilized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify specific regions linked to FA. Greater FA predicted greater whole brain white matter volume, and a trend in the same direction was noted for whole brain gray matter volume. Greater FA was associated with significantly greater gray and white matter volumes in discrete brain regions, most prominently in the frontal lobes and in the right cerebral hemisphere. Developmental studies are needed to identify when FA-related brain differences emerge and to elucidate the specific neurobiological mechanisms leading to these differences.

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Reduced gray matter volume in patients with retinal detachment: evidence from a voxel-based morphometry study

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185119861898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 395-403

Author(s):

Biao Li ◽

Yu-Xin Liu ◽

Hai-Jun Li ◽

Qing Yuan ◽

Pei-Wen Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Retinal Detachment ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

White Matter Volume ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Brain White Matter

Background We know little about the pathogenesis and diagnosis of retinal detachment. Purpose To assess spontaneous changes in the cerebral cortex of patients with retinal detachment using voxel-based morphometry and to explore the relationship between retinal detachment and clinical behavioral performance. Material and Methods Patients (14 men, 6 women; average age = 49.15 ± 10.32 years) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (duration of 24.05 ± 19.61 days) and 20 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The original three-dimensional T1 brain images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and whole brain white matter volume and whole brain gray matter volume were compared with those of the control group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to classify the mean gray matter volume values of the patients with retinal detachment compared with the controls. Results Compared with the controls, whole brain gray matter volume was significantly reduced in patients with retinal detachment, as evidenced by changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneus. In addition, the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, left hippocampus, left cingulate gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus were also obviously atrophied. Furthermore, whole brain white matter volume of the patients with retinal detachment showed a slight reduction. The ROC curve analysis of each brain region showed that the accuracy of the area under the curve was high. Conclusion We proved that patients with retinal detachment had unusual changes in the gray matter volume and white matter volume in vision-related brain regions, which could reveal potential pathological mechanisms of retinal detachment.

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Transcriptomic Signatures Associated With Gray Matter Volume Changes in Patients With Functional Constipation

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.791831 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Wangli Cai ◽

Yujing Zhou ◽

Lidi Wan ◽

Ruiling Zhang ◽

Ting Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Functional Constipation ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽

Structural Mri ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Brain Atlas ◽

Common Disease ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Matter Volume

Functional constipation, which belongs to the functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID), is a common disease and significantly impacts daily life. FGID patients have been progressively proven with functional and structural alterations in various brain regions, but whether and how functional constipation affects the brain gray matter volume (GMV) remains unclear; besides, which genes are associated with the GMV changes in functional constipation is largely unknown. On account of the structural MRI image from the 30 functional constipation patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs), GMV analysis showed that functional constipation patients had significantly decreased GMV in the right orbital prefrontal cortex (OFC), left precentral gyrus (PreG), and bilateral thalamus (THA). Correlation analysis showed that the self-rating depressive scale, patient assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC-QOL), and Wexner constipation scores were negatively correlated with GMV of the OFC and negative correlations between PAC-QOL score and GMV of the bilateral THA. Based on the Allen Human Brain Atlas, a cross-sample spatial correlation was conducted and found that 18 genes’ expression values showed robust correlations with GMV changes in functional constipation patients. These outcomes highlight our recognition of the transcriptional features related to GMV changes in functional constipation and could be regarded as candidates to detect biological mechanisms of abnormality in functional constipation patients.

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Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.745193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Aliyah Allick ◽

Grace Park ◽

Kwon Kim ◽

Michelle Vintimilla ◽

Krutika Rathod ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Male Youth ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Age And Sex

Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis.Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between age (across the 12-to-21-year-old developmental window), sex, and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between cannabis using (CU) and typically developing (TD) youth.Results: Our search identified 1,326 citations, 24 of which were included in a qualitative analysis. A total of 6 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing regional GMV between 357 CU [mean (SD) age = 16.68 (1.28); 71% male] and 404 TD [mean (SD) age = 16.77 (1.36); 63% male] youth were included in the SDM-meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of whole-brain VBM studies identified no regions showing significant GMV difference between CU and TD youth. Meta-regressions showed divergent effects of age and sex on cortical GMV differences in CU vs. TD youth. Age effects were seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), with older-aged CU youth showing decreased and younger-aged CU youth showing increased STG GMV compared to age-matched TD youth. Parallel findings in the STG were also observed in relation to duration of CU (years) in supplemental meta-regressions. Regarding sex effects, a higher proportion of females in studies was associated with increased GMV in the middle occipital gyrus in CU vs. TD youth.Conclusions: These findings suggest that GMV differences between CU and TD youth, if present, are subtle, and may vary as a function of age, cumulative cannabis exposure, and sex in young people. Whether age- and sex-related GMV differences are attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrant further investigation.

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Gray matter abnormalities in Tourette Syndrome: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01394-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xinyue Wan ◽

Simin Zhang ◽

Weina Wang ◽

Xiaorui Su ◽

Jun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tourette Syndrome ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Meta Regression ◽

Meta Regression Analysis

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a neurobehavioral disorder for which the neurological mechanism has not been elucidated. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have revealed abnormalities in gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with TS; however, consistent results have not been obtained. The current study attempted to provide a voxel wise meta-analysis of gray matter changes using seed-based d mapping (SDM). We identified ten relevant studies that investigated gray matter alterations in TS patients and performed a meta-analysis using the SDM method to quantitatively estimate regional gray matter abnormalities. Next, we examined the relationships between GMV abnormalities and demographic and clinical characteristics. Our results demonstrated that TS patients had smaller GMV in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri and greater GMV in the cerebellum, right striatum (putamen), and bilateral thalami (pulvinar nucleus) than healthy controls. A meta-regression analysis did not identify correlations between GMV changes and demographic or clinical variables. This meta-analysis confirmed significant and consistent GMV changes in several brain regions of TS patients, primarily in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical network.

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Reproducibility of Brain Volume Changes in Longitudinal Voxel-Based Morphometry Between Non-Accelerated and Accelerated Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210596 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hidemasa Takao ◽

Shiori Amemiya ◽

Osamu Abe ◽

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Healthy Elderly

Background: Scan acceleration techniques, such as parallel imaging, can reduce scan times, but reliability is essential to implement these techniques in neuroimaging. Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of the longitudinal changes in brain morphology determined by longitudinal voxel-based morphometry (VBM) between non-accelerated and accelerated magnetic resonance images (MRI) in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Using data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) 2 database, comprising subjects who underwent non-accelerated and accelerated structural T1-weighted MRI at screening and at a 2-year follow-up on 3.0 T Philips scanners, we examined the reproducibility of longitudinal gray matter volume changes determined by longitudinal VBM processing between non-accelerated and accelerated imaging in 50 healthy elderly subjects, 54 MCI patients, and eight AD patients. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) maps differed among the three groups. The mean ICC was 0.72 overall (healthy elderly, 0.63; MCI, 0.75; AD, 0.63), and the ICC was good to excellent (0.6–1.0) for 81.4%of voxels (healthy elderly, 64.8%; MCI, 85.0%; AD, 65.0%). The differences in image quality (head motion) were not significant (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.18) and the within-subject standard deviations of longitudinal gray matter volume changes were similar among the groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the reproducibility of longitudinal gray matter volume changes determined by VBM between non-accelerated and accelerated MRI is good to excellent for many regions but may vary between diseases and regions.

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Sleep Duration, Sleep Apnea, and Gray Matter Volume

Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology ◽

10.1177/0891988720988918 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089198872098891

Author(s):

Regina Eun Young Kim ◽

Robert Douglas Abbott ◽

Soriul Kim ◽

Robert Joseph Thomas ◽

Chang-Ho Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Population Based ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Bootstrap Sampling ◽

Matter Volume

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep duration on brain structures in the presence versus absence of sleep apnea in middle-aged and older individuals. The study investigated a population-based sample of 2,560 individuals, aged 49-80 years. The presence of sleep apnea and self-reported sleep duration were examined in relation to gray matter volume (GMV) in total and lobar brain regions. We identified ranges of sleep duration associated with maximal GMV using quadratic regression and bootstrap sampling. A significant quadratic association between sleep duration and GMV was observed in total and lobar brain regions of men with sleep apnea. In the fully adjusted model, optimal sleep durations associated with peak GMV between brain regions ranged from 6.7 to 7.0 hours. Shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with lower GMV in total and 4 sub-regions of the brain in men with sleep apnea.

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SLC25A24 gene methylation and gray matter volume in females with and without conduct disorder: an exploratory epigenetic neuroimaging study

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01609-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Farrow ◽

Andreas G. Chiocchetti ◽

Jack C. Rogers ◽

Ruth Pauli ◽

Nora M. Raschle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Cu Traits ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractConduct disorder (CD), a psychiatric disorder characterized by a repetitive pattern of antisocial behaviors, results from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The clinical presentation of CD varies both according to the individual’s sex and level of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, but it remains unclear how genetic and environmental factors interact at the molecular level to produce these differences. Emerging evidence in males implicates methylation of genes associated with socio-affective processes. Here, we combined an epigenome-wide association study with structural neuroimaging in 51 females with CD and 59 typically developing (TD) females to examine DNA methylation in relation to CD, CU traits, and gray matter volume (GMV). We demonstrate an inverse pattern of correlation between CU traits and methylation of a chromosome 1 region in CD females (positive) as compared to TD females (negative). The identified region spans exon 1 of the SLC25A24 gene, central to energy metabolism due to its role in mitochondrial function. Increased SLC25A24 methylation was also related to lower GMV in multiple brain regions in the overall cohort. These included the superior frontal gyrus, prefrontal cortex, and supramarginal gyrus, secondary visual cortex and ventral posterior cingulate cortex, which are regions that have previously been implicated in CD and CU traits. While our findings are preliminary and need to be replicated in larger samples, they provide novel evidence that CU traits in females are associated with methylation levels in a fundamentally different way in CD and TD, which in turn may relate to observable variations in GMV across the brain.

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