scholarly journals Developmental brain structural atypicalities in autism: A voxel-based morphometry analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Zeng-Hui Ma ◽  
Ling-Zi Xu ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Zhao-Zheng Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Autism Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Parietal Lobule

Abstract Background Accumulating structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) studies have showed atypicalities in developmental changes of structural regional brain in autism, with largely inconsistent results. Methods The current study investigated the brain structural abnormal features of autistic individuals aged 6~30 years. We included 52 autism individuals and 50 age, gender, and IQ matched typically developing individuals (TD), who were divided into three groups: childhood (6-12 years old), adolescent (13-18 years old) and adulthood (19-30 years old). Whole brain volume and Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM) analyses were employed on the sMRI data collected from our participants. Results We found no significant difference in the volume of whole brain, gray matter and white matter between autism and TD groups of the three age groups. For VBM analyses, the volumes of gray matter in right superior temporal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule in children autism group were smaller than those in TD group; the volume of gray matter in left inferior parietal lobule in adolescent autism group was larger than that in TD group; the volume of gray matter in right middle occipital gyrus in adult autism group was larger than that in TD group, and the gray matter in left posterior cingulate gyrus was smaller than that in TD group. Conclusions Findings suggest autism individuals showed different atypical brain regions of gray matter volume in childhood, adolescent, and adulthood relative to their normal peers respectively, indiciating that it is essential to take developmental perspectives into consideration when exploring brain structural abnormalities in autism.

scholarly journals Greater hippocampal gray matter volume in subjective hyperosmia: a voxel-based morphometry study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Han ◽  
Franz Paul Stiller-Stut ◽  
Alexander Fjaeldstad ◽  
Thomas Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Olfactory Ability

Abstract Subjective hyperosmia refers to a self-reported olfactory ability that is superior to a normal, intact sense of smell (normosmia), and is associated with olfactory emotional experience. The current study used voxel-based morphometry to investigate the gray matter volume (GMV) in people with self-rated hyperosmia (subjective hyperosmia, SH, N = 18) in comparison to people with self-rated normal olfaction (subjective normosmia, SN, N = 14). Participants’ olfactory function were assessed by the extensive olfactory test battery, the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test. Within the predicted brain regions (regions-of-interest analyses), the SH participants showed larger GMV of the left hippocampus as compared to SN participants (FWE corrected p < 0.05). Further, the whole-brain search indicated that SH had larger GMV of the bilateral hippocampus, the right hypothalamus, the left precuneus, and the left superior frontal gyrus as compared to the SN group. ROI analyses showed positive correlations between the left hippocampal GMV and odor threshold or discrimination scores across all participants. In addition, the whole-brain analysis suggested that the self-rated olfactory ability was positively associated with GMV in the cerebellum, superior frontal gyrus and the precentral gyrus among SH participants. In conclusion, the current results suggest that SH was associated with increased GMV in several brain regions that were previously shown to be involved in the processing of cognitive aspects of odors.

scholarly journals RARE-14. STRUCTURAL BRAIN PLASTICITY OF THE GRAY MATTER IN PATIENTS WITH BASAL GANGLIA GERM CELL TUMORS: A VBM STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi224-vi224
Author(s):  
Yanong Li
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
T Test ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract OBJECTIVE To assess the whole brain structural plasticity in case of unilateral basal ganglia germ cell tumors (BGGCTs). METHODS To detect changes in gray matter volume of the whole brain from structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), we used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in a sample of 41 patients with BGGCTs invading the left basal ganglia (BasalG_L group; n = 22) or the right basal ganglia (BasalG_R group; n = 19) and a sample of 16 patients with GCTs arising in pineal or suprasellar regions, comparing these groups with 16 age-matched normal controls (NCs) by two-sample t test after that. RESULTS To left BGGCTs patients, the regions of whole brain VBM analysis emphasized a large cluster of voxels with gray matter volume increase in left para hippocampal (k = 529 voxels, T=4.18, p< 0.01) and decrease in left thalamus (k = 527 voxels, T=-4.88, p< 0.01). At the same time, the cluster of voxels with gray matter volume increase in right middle cingulate cortex (rMCC) (k = 172 voxels, T=3.96, p< 0.01), and decrease in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), pars opercular (k = 495 voxels, T= -4.29, p< 0.01) in right BGGCTs patients. Furthermore, gray matter volume showed no significant difference between groups of patients with GCTs arising in pineal or suprasellar regions and NCs by two-sample t test. And the results were corrected by family-wise-error correction. CONCLUSIONS The revealed results demonstrate that slow-growing but destructive lesion of the BGGCTs markedly and asymmetrically atrophies the gray matter volume in specific brain regions and shows compensatory plasticity in each side of cerebral hemisphere. Our findings direct focus on the whole cerebral adaptation that perhaps be a physiologic basis for the high level of functional compensation and partially explain the relationships between gray matter remodeling and cognitive disturbances observed in patients with BGGCTs.

scholarly journals Fluctuating Asymmetry and Individual Variation in Regional Gray and White Matter Volumes: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470490800600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Euler ◽  
Robert J. Thoma ◽  
Lauren Parks ◽  
Steven W. Gangestad ◽  
Ronald A. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Mri Scans

Composite measures of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of skeletal features are commonly used to estimate developmental instability (DI), the imprecise expression of developmental design due to perturbations during an individual's growth and maturation. Though many studies have detailed important behavioral correlates of FA, very little is known about its possible neuroanatomical correlates. In this study we obtained structural brain MRI scans from 20 adults and utilized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to identify specific regions linked to FA. Greater FA predicted greater whole brain white matter volume, and a trend in the same direction was noted for whole brain gray matter volume. Greater FA was associated with significantly greater gray and white matter volumes in discrete brain regions, most prominently in the frontal lobes and in the right cerebral hemisphere. Developmental studies are needed to identify when FA-related brain differences emerge and to elucidate the specific neurobiological mechanisms leading to these differences.

Reduced gray matter volume in patients with retinal detachment: evidence from a voxel-based morphometry study

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Biao Li ◽  
Yu-Xin Liu ◽  
Hai-Jun Li ◽  
Qing Yuan ◽  
Pei-Wen Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain White Matter

Background We know little about the pathogenesis and diagnosis of retinal detachment. Purpose To assess spontaneous changes in the cerebral cortex of patients with retinal detachment using voxel-based morphometry and to explore the relationship between retinal detachment and clinical behavioral performance. Material and Methods Patients (14 men, 6 women; average age = 49.15 ± 10.32 years) with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (duration of 24.05 ± 19.61 days) and 20 matched healthy controls were recruited. All participants underwent repeated functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. The original three-dimensional T1 brain images were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and whole brain white matter volume and whole brain gray matter volume were compared with those of the control group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to classify the mean gray matter volume values of the patients with retinal detachment compared with the controls. Results Compared with the controls, whole brain gray matter volume was significantly reduced in patients with retinal detachment, as evidenced by changes in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and right cuneus. In addition, the posterior lobe of the cerebellum, left hippocampus, left cingulate gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus were also obviously atrophied. Furthermore, whole brain white matter volume of the patients with retinal detachment showed a slight reduction. The ROC curve analysis of each brain region showed that the accuracy of the area under the curve was high. Conclusion We proved that patients with retinal detachment had unusual changes in the gray matter volume and white matter volume in vision-related brain regions, which could reveal potential pathological mechanisms of retinal detachment.

scholarly journals Voxel-Based Morphometry Analysis of Gray Matter on Quran Memorizers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqbal Jamaludin ◽  
Mohd Zulfaezal Che Azemin ◽  
Abdul Halim Sapuan ◽  
Radhiana Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brodmann Area ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. Robust and vigorous daily activities may cause changes to the brain structure. Huffaz, individuals who memorise the Quran undergo intensive memorization training which may lead to structural changes in specific regions of the brain. Materials and method: This study looked at possible change that occurred on gray matter by characterising the textual memorization of brain structure using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). It involves voxel-by-voxel comparison of gray matter intensity of the MRI images. Forty-seven subjects (23 huffaz, 24 non-huffaz) aged between 21-25 years were voluntarily recruited. Subjects were scanned by 3 Tesla MRI system. Images were then re-aligned according to standardised Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinates. The MRIs were then segmented into gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. Independent sample t-test was performed between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was found between the brain region of the huffaz and non-huffaz with appropriate corrections for family-wise error (FWE) at a threshold of p = 0.05. However, with a more lenient criteria (p = 0.001, uncorrected, cluster size = 50 mm3 ), we found that gray matter volume in Brodmann Area 6 and Brodmann Area 7 of the huffaz were significantly higher than the non-huffaz group. Conclusion: VBM is not sensitive enough to detect complex anatomical differences between huffaz and non-huffaz with the current sample size. Future study to explore possible image processing tools that can measure subtle structural change in human brain is warranted.

scholarly journals Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliyah Allick ◽  
Grace Park ◽  
Kwon Kim ◽  
Michelle Vintimilla ◽  
Krutika Rathod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis.Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between age (across the 12-to-21-year-old developmental window), sex, and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between cannabis using (CU) and typically developing (TD) youth.Results: Our search identified 1,326 citations, 24 of which were included in a qualitative analysis. A total of 6 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing regional GMV between 357 CU [mean (SD) age = 16.68 (1.28); 71% male] and 404 TD [mean (SD) age = 16.77 (1.36); 63% male] youth were included in the SDM-meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of whole-brain VBM studies identified no regions showing significant GMV difference between CU and TD youth. Meta-regressions showed divergent effects of age and sex on cortical GMV differences in CU vs. TD youth. Age effects were seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), with older-aged CU youth showing decreased and younger-aged CU youth showing increased STG GMV compared to age-matched TD youth. Parallel findings in the STG were also observed in relation to duration of CU (years) in supplemental meta-regressions. Regarding sex effects, a higher proportion of females in studies was associated with increased GMV in the middle occipital gyrus in CU vs. TD youth.Conclusions: These findings suggest that GMV differences between CU and TD youth, if present, are subtle, and may vary as a function of age, cumulative cannabis exposure, and sex in young people. Whether age- and sex-related GMV differences are attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrant further investigation.

scholarly journals Gray matter abnormalities in Tourette Syndrome: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Wan ◽  
Simin Zhang ◽  
Weina Wang ◽  
Xiaorui Su ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a neurobehavioral disorder for which the neurological mechanism has not been elucidated. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have revealed abnormalities in gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with TS; however, consistent results have not been obtained. The current study attempted to provide a voxel wise meta-analysis of gray matter changes using seed-based d mapping (SDM). We identified ten relevant studies that investigated gray matter alterations in TS patients and performed a meta-analysis using the SDM method to quantitatively estimate regional gray matter abnormalities. Next, we examined the relationships between GMV abnormalities and demographic and clinical characteristics. Our results demonstrated that TS patients had smaller GMV in the bilateral inferior frontal gyri and greater GMV in the cerebellum, right striatum (putamen), and bilateral thalami (pulvinar nucleus) than healthy controls. A meta-regression analysis did not identify correlations between GMV changes and demographic or clinical variables. This meta-analysis confirmed significant and consistent GMV changes in several brain regions of TS patients, primarily in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical network.

scholarly journals Gray-Matter Expansion of Social Brain Networks in Individuals High in Public Self-Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Morita ◽  
Minoru Asada ◽  
Eiichi Naito
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

Self-consciousness is a personality trait associated with an individual’s concern regarding observable (public) and unobservable (private) aspects of self. Prompted by previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, we examined possible gray-matter expansions in emotion-related and default mode networks in individuals with higher public or private self-consciousness. One hundred healthy young adults answered the Japanese version of the Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS) questionnaire and underwent structural MRI. A voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed that individuals scoring higher on the public SCS showed expansions of gray matter in the emotion-related regions of the cingulate and insular cortices and in the default mode network of the precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex. In addition, these gray-matter expansions were particularly related to the trait of “concern about being evaluated by others”, which was one of the subfactors constituting public self-consciousness. Conversely, no relationship was observed between gray-matter volume in any brain regions and the private SCS scores. This is the first study showing that the personal trait of concern regarding public aspects of the self may cause long-term substantial structural changes in social brain networks.

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