scholarly journals Gene expression in diapausing rotifer eggs in response to divergent environmental predictability regimes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tarazona ◽  
J. Ignacio Lucas-Lledó ◽  
María José Carmona ◽  
Eduardo M. García-Roger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Environmental Fluctuation ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selective Regime

AbstractIn unpredictable environments in which reliable cues for predicting environmental variation are lacking, a diversifying bet-hedging strategy for diapause exit is expected to evolve, whereby only a portion of diapausing forms will resume development at the first occurrence of suitable conditions. This study focused on diapause termination in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis s.s., addressing the transcriptional profile of diapausing eggs from environments differing in the level of predictability and the relationship of such profiles with hatching patterns. RNA-Seq analyses revealed significant differences in gene expression between diapausing eggs produced in the laboratory under combinations of two contrasting selective regimes of environmental fluctuation (predictable vs unpredictable) and two different diapause conditions (passing or not passing through forced diapause). The results showed that the selective regime was more important than the diapause condition in driving differences in the transcriptome profile. Most of the differentially expressed genes were upregulated in the predictable regime and mostly associated with molecular functions involved in embryo morphological development and hatching readiness. This was in concordance with observations of earlier, higher, and more synchronous hatching in diapausing eggs produced under the predictable regime.

The Relationship of MDR-1 Gene Expression and Chemotherapy Regimens in Acute Leukemia

1996 ◽  
pp. 467-473
Author(s):  
T. Bykova ◽  
A. Sominskaya ◽  
I. Stuif ◽  
N. Anikina ◽  
A. Zaritskey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mdr 1

scholarly journals John Arthur Joseph Pateman. 18 May 1926—18 May 2011

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
Claudio Scazzocchio
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Structure ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Academic Background ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

John Pateman was a distinguished British microbial geneticist. He came from a working-class area of London and a non-academic background. His earliest contribution to genetics was the discovery (together with John Fincham) of intracistronic complementation, an important phenomenon to understand the relationship of genetic information and protein structure; this at a time when the actual coding relationships of DNA and proteins were not yet worked out. Later on, he and his students made a fundamental contribution to the understanding of control of gene expression in eukaryotic microorganisms, providing some of the earliest examples of positive control. This work also led to the discovery of a new enzyme cofactor, the only one discovered through purely genetic evidence. He worked at various universities in Britain and Australia and trained a number of students who further developed the subject.

scholarly journals Expression of Shelterin ComponentPOT1Is Associated with Decreased Telomere Length and Immunity Condition in Humans with Severe Aplastic Anemia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Shu-chong Mei ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Hua-quan Wang ◽  
Zong-hong Shao
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Telomere Attrition ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Marrow Cells

Abnormal telomere attrition has been found to be closely related to patients with SAA in recent years. To identify the incidence of telomere attrition in SAA patients and investigate the relationship of telomere length with clinical parameters, SAA patients(n=27)and healthy controls(n=15)were enrolled in this study. Telomere length of PWBCs was significantly shorter in SAA patients than in controls. Analysis of gene expression of Shelterin complex revealed markedly low levels ofPOT1expression in SAA groups relative to controls. No differences in the gene expression of the other Shelterin components—TRF1,TRF2,TIN2,TPP1, andRAP1—were identified. Addition of IFN-γto culture media induced a similar fall in POT1 expression in bone marrow cells to that observed in cells cultured in the presence of SAA serum, suggesting IFN-γis the agent responsible for this effect of SAA serum. Furthermore, ATR, phosphorylated ATR, and phosphorylated ATM/ATR substrate were all found similarly increased in bone marrow cells exposed to SAA serum, TNF-α, or IFN-γ. In summary, SAA patients have short telomeres and decreased POT1 expression. TNF-αand IFN-γare found at high concentrations in SAA patients and may be the effectors that trigger apoptosis through POT1 and ATR.

scholarly journals Placental genomic risk scores and early neurodevelopmental outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. e2019789118
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ursini ◽  
Giovanna Punzi ◽  
Benjamin W. Langworthy ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Kai Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Genomic Risk

Tracing the early paths leading to developmental disorders is critical for prevention. In previous work, we detected an interaction between genomic risk scores for schizophrenia (GRSs) and early-life complications (ELCs), so that the liability of the disorder explained by genomic risk was higher in the presence of a history of ELCs, compared with its absence. This interaction was specifically driven by loci harboring genes highly expressed in placentae from normal and complicated pregnancies [G. Ursini et al., Nat. Med. 24, 792–801 (2018)]. Here, we analyze whether fractionated genomic risk scores for schizophrenia and other developmental disorders and traits, based on placental gene-expression loci (PlacGRSs), are linked with early neurodevelopmental outcomes in individuals with a history of ELCs. We found that schizophrenia’s PlacGRSs are negatively associated with neonatal brain volume in singletons and offspring of multiple pregnancies and, in singletons, with cognitive development at 1 y and, less strongly, at 2 y, when cognitive scores become more sensitive to other factors. These negative associations are stronger in males, found only with GRSs fractionated by placental gene expression, and not found in PlacGRSs for other developmental disorders and traits. The relationship of PlacGRSs with brain volume persists as an anlage of placenta biology in adults with schizophrenia, again selectively in males. Higher placental genomic risk for schizophrenia, in the presence of ELCs and particularly in males, alters early brain growth and function, defining a potentially reversible neurodevelopmental path of risk that may be unique to schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Differential contribution to gene expression prediction of histone modifications at enhancers or promoters

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009368
Author(s):  
Mar González-Ramírez ◽  
Cecilia Ballaré ◽  
Francesca Mugianesi ◽  
Malte Beringer ◽  
Alexandra Santanach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Cellular Context ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The ChIP-seq signal of histone modifications at promoters is a good predictor of gene expression in different cellular contexts, but whether this is also true at enhancers is not clear. To address this issue, we develop quantitative models to characterize the relationship of gene expression with histone modifications at enhancers or promoters. We use embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which contain a full spectrum of active and repressed (poised) enhancers, to train predictive models. As many poised enhancers in ESCs switch towards an active state during differentiation, predictive models can also be trained on poised enhancers throughout differentiation and in development. Remarkably, we determine that histone modifications at enhancers, as well as promoters, are predictive of gene expression in ESCs and throughout differentiation and development. Importantly, we demonstrate that their contribution to the predictive models varies depending on their location in enhancers or promoters. Moreover, we use a local regression (LOESS) to normalize sequencing data from different sources, which allows us to apply predictive models trained in a specific cellular context to a different one. We conclude that the relationship between gene expression and histone modifications at enhancers is universal and different from promoters. Our study provides new insight into how histone modifications relate to gene expression based on their location in enhancers or promoters.

Regulation of sucrase and lactase in Caco-2 cells: relationship to nuclear factors SIF-1 and NF-LPH-1

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. G707-G713 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Olsen ◽  
M. Lloyd ◽  
H. Korsmo ◽  
Y. Z. He
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Nuclear Factors ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays ◽  
The Relationship

Recent studies suggest the importance of two transcription factors, Cdx-2 and NF-LPH-1, in the regulation of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene expression, respectively. Cdx-2 accounts for the tissue specificity of sucrase expression (16), and NF-LPH-1 varies with postnatal changes in lactase activity, suggesting a role in its developmental regulation (22). We used electrophoretic mobility shift assays to study the relationship of Cdx-2 and NF-LPH-1 to SI and LPH gene expression in Caco-2 cells to provide evidence regarding the role of these factors in the development of sucrase and lactase with cellular differentiation. We found that Cdx-2 levels correlated with SI expression and that NF-LPH-1 did not correlate with LPH expression. These studies suggest a role for Cdx-2 but not for NF-LPH-1 in the development of carbohydrase expression in these cells.

scholarly journals New pattern of EGFR amplification in glioblastoma and the relationship of gene copy number with gene expression profile

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concha Lopez-Gines ◽  
Rosario Gil-Benso ◽  
Ruben Ferrer-Luna ◽  
Rafael Benito ◽  
Eva Serna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Egfr Amplification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Adaptation in response to environmental unpredictability

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1868) ◽  
pp. 20170427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluis Franch-Gras ◽  
Eduardo M. García-Roger ◽  
Manuel Serra ◽  
María José Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Brachionus Plicatilis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Environmental Predictability ◽  
Environmental Unpredictability ◽  
Varying Environments

Understanding how organisms adaptively respond to environmental fluctuations is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. The Mediterranean region typically exhibits levels of environmental unpredictability that vary greatly in habitats over small geographical scales. In cyclically parthenogenetic rotifers, clonal proliferation occurs along with occasional bouts of sex. These bouts contribute to the production of diapausing eggs, which allows survival between growing seasons. Here, we studied two diapause-related traits in rotifers using clones from nine Brachionus plicatilis natural populations that vary in the degree of environmental unpredictability. We tested the hypothesis that the level of environmental unpredictability is directly related to the propensity for sex and inversely related to the hatching fraction of diapausing eggs. We found significant levels of genetic variation within populations for both traits. Interestingly, a positive correlation between pond unpredictability—quantified in a previous study from satellite imagery—and the propensity for sex was found. This correlation suggests a conservative, bet-hedging strategy that provides protection against unexpectedly short growing seasons. By contrast, the hatching fraction of diapausing eggs was not related to the level of environmental predictability. Our results highlight the ability of rotifer populations to locally adapt to time-varying environments, providing an evolutionarily relevant step forward in relating life-history traits to a quantitative measure of environmental unpredictability.

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