scholarly journals Lipidomic profiling reveals biosynthetic relationships between phospholipids and diacylglycerol ethers in the deep-sea soft coral Paragorgia arborea

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Imbs ◽  
Peter V. Velansky
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Specific Storage ◽  
Gorgonian Coral ◽  
Base Exchange ◽  
Storage Lipids ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Paragorgia Arborea ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe cold-water gorgonian coral Paragorgia arborea is considered as a foundation species of deep-sea ecosystems in the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans. To advance lipidomic studies of deep-sea corals, molecular species compositions of diacylglycerol ethers (DAGE), which are specific storage lipids of corals, and structural glycerophospholipids (GPL) including ethanolamine, choline, inositol and serine GPL (PE, PC, PI, and PS, respectively) were analyzed in P. arborea by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. In DAGE molecules, alkyl groups (16:0, 14:0, and 18:1), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and monounsaturated FA are mainly substituted the glycerol moiety at position sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3, respectively. The ether form (1-O-alkyl-2-acyl) predominates in PE and PC, while PI is comprised of the 1,2-diacyl form. Both ether and diacyl forms were observed in PS. At position sn-2, C20 PUFA are mainly attached to PC, but C24 PUFA, soft coral chemotaxonomic markers, concentrate in PS, PI, and PE. A comparison of non-polar parts of molecules has shown that DAGE, ether PE, and ether PC can originate from one set of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerols. Ether PE may be converted to ether PS by the base-exchange reaction. A diacylglycerol unit generated from phosphatidic acid can be a precursor for diacyl PS, PC, and PI. Thus, a lipidomic approach has confirmed the difference in biosynthetic origins between ether and diacyl lipids of deep-sea gorgonians.

scholarly journals Tuaimenal A, a Meroterpene from the Previously Unexplored Deep-Sea Irish Soft Coral of the Genus Drifa, Displays in Silico Binding of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Avalon ◽  
Jordan Nafie ◽  
Sarah Dietrick ◽  
Ryan Young ◽  
Luke Warrensford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Absolute Stereochemistry

<p>Cold water benthic environments are a prolific source of structurally diverse molecules with a range of bioactivity against human disease. Specimens of a previously chemically unexplored soft coral, <i>Drifa</i> sp., were collected during a deep-sea cruise that sampled marine invertebrates along the Irish continental margin in 2018. Tuaimenal A (<b>1</b>), a compound representing new carbon scaffold with a highly substituted chromene core, was discovered through the exploration of the secondary metabolome of the soft coral through NMR-guided fractionation. VCD analysis was used to determine absolute stereochemistry. This molecule demonstrates a strong profile for inhibition of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 based on <i>in silico </i>docking experiments. </p>

scholarly journals Tuaimenal A, a Meroterpene from the Previously Unexplored Deep-Sea Irish Soft Coral of the Genus Drifa, Displays in Silico Binding of the Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Avalon ◽  
Jordan Nafie ◽  
Sarah Dietrick ◽  
Ryan Young ◽  
Luke Warrensford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Soft Coral ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Absolute Stereochemistry

<p>Cold water benthic environments are a prolific source of structurally diverse molecules with a range of bioactivity against human disease. Specimens of a previously chemically unexplored soft coral, <i>Drifa</i> sp., were collected during a deep-sea cruise that sampled marine invertebrates along the Irish continental margin in 2018. Tuaimenal A (<b>1</b>), a compound representing new carbon scaffold with a highly substituted chromene core, was discovered through the exploration of the secondary metabolome of the soft coral through NMR-guided fractionation. VCD analysis was used to determine absolute stereochemistry. This molecule demonstrates a strong profile for inhibition of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 based on <i>in silico </i>docking experiments. </p>

STUDIES ON HABITUATION TO COLD PAIN

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques LeBlanc ◽  
Pierre Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Water Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Habituation To Cold

It was possible to produce habituation to cold in a group of human subjects by immersing the left hand in cold water for [Formula: see text] minutes twice a day for 19 days. The right hand did not adapt. Another group of subjects was exposed similarly with the difference that an anxiety test (mental arithmetic test) was always given simultaneously with the cold-water test. In this second group the original blood pressure response, i.e. for the first day, was greater than in the first group because of the cumulative effects of the two tests. After 19 days definite evidence was obtained for adaptation to these two tests administered together. However, when these tests were given separately to the second group, no adaptation was evident; adaptation occurred only to both tests given simultaneously. These results indicate that no adaptation develops to cold per se if the subjects are distracted from cold discomfort. It was also found that adaptation of one hand to cold water not only failed to induce adaptation in the opposite hand but even reinforced responses of the unadapted hand. These findings suggest a participation of the central nervous system in adaptation to cold pain, and tend to minimize the importance of local peripheral changes.

An association between Exspina typica Lang (Tanaidacea) and deep-sea holothurians

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. ◽  
Thurston D. S. M. ◽  
Billett-Al ◽  
Elizabeth Hassack
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water

First reports of the association between Exspina typica and three species of abyssal holothurian are presented. These records suggest that the association is a real one, and not an artefact of sampling, but throw no light on the nature of the association. The geographic and bathymetric distributions of E. typica are summarized, and the species is shown to be a widely distributed cold water stenotherm.

scholarly journals Seabed mapping for selecting cold-water coral protection areas on Hatton Bank, Northeast Atlantic

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 2013-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Durán Muñoz ◽  
M. Sayago-Gil ◽  
J. Cristobo ◽  
S. Parra ◽  
A. Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Northeast Atlantic ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
Seabed Mapping ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Water Coral

Abstract Durán Muñoz, P., Sayago-Gil, M., Cristobo, J., Parra, S., Serrano, A., Díaz del Rio, V., Patrocinio, T., Sacau, M., Murillo, F. J., Palomino, D., and Fernández-Salas, L. M. 2009. Seabed mapping for selecting cold-water coral protection areas on Hatton Bank, Northeast Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2013–2025. Research into vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) on the high seas and the impacts of bottom fishing and ad hoc management measures are high priority today thanks to UN General Assembly Resolution 61/105. An interdisciplinary methodology (specifically designed for selecting cold-water coral protection areas) and a case study focused on the Hatton Bank (NE Atlantic) are presented. This interdisciplinary approach, developed under the ECOVUL/ARPA project, was based on conventional fisheries science, geomorphology, benthic ecology, and sedimentology. It contributes to defining practical criteria for identifying VMEs, to improving knowledge of their distribution off Europe's continental shelf, and to providing advice on negative fishing impacts and habitat protection. The approach was used to identify the bottom-trawl deep-sea fishery footprint on the western slope of Hatton Bank, to map the main fishing grounds and related deep-sea habitats (1000–1500 m deep), and to study the interactions between fisheries and cold-water corals. The results lead to a proposal to close the outcrop area (4645 km2) located on the western slope of Hatton Bank as a conservation measure for cold-water corals.

scholarly journals Megafaunal composition of cold-water corals and other deep-sea benthos in the southern Emperor Seamounts area, North Pacific Ocean

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai MIYAMOTO ◽  
Masashi KIYOTA ◽  
Takeshi HAYASHIBARA ◽  
Masanori NONAKA ◽  
Yukimitsu IMAHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Emperor Seamounts ◽  
Area North

scholarly journals Ashinkailepas kermadecensis, a new species of deep-sea scalpelliform barnacle (Thoracica: Eolepadidae) from the Kermadec Islands, southwest Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN S. BUCKERIDGE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Southwest Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
A New Species

A new deep-sea stalked barnacle, Ashinkailepas kermadecensis sp. nov. has been recovered from a cold-water seep at depths of 1165 metres in the vicinity of the Kermadec Ridge to the northeast of the North Island, New Zealand. There are now two species of Ashinkailepas—the other, Ashinkailepas seepiophila Yamaguchi, Newman & Hashimoto, 2004, occurs in deep, cold seeps off central Japan. As there are two species within Ashinkailepas, formal diagnoses are provided for both taxa.

scholarly journals Lipidomic study of the influence of dietary fatty acids on structural lipids of cold-water nudibranch molluscs

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey B. Imbs ◽  
Valeria P. Grigorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Trophic Markers ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Cold Water Species

AbstractNudibranch molluscs occur in marine ecosystems worldwide and prey on numerous invertebrate species. During feeding, dietary fatty acids (FAs) unusual for nudibranchs are transferred to their lipids. Normal biomembrane functions require stable composition of structural polar lipids (PL), but the pathways of dietary FA utilization to PL in nudibranchs still remain unknown. A combination of chromatography and tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to determine total lipid, PL, FA, and PL molecular species composition of two cold-water species of Dendronotus, which then were compared with those of Tritonia tetraquetra. The use of FA trophic markers showed that Dendronotus sp. and T. tetraquetra prey on different soft corals, while D. robustus may consumes hydrocorals and bryozoans. Nudibranch FA profiles were strongly modified by dietary FAs but their PL profilers were similar. Dietary FAs are not included in ceramide aminoethylphosphonate and inositol glycerophospholipids, but directed to ethanolamine, choline, and serine glycerophospholipids and, in some cases, form isobaric molecular species with different FA chain lengths. For such isobaric species, nudibranchs reduce the length of alkyl groups when very-long-chain FAs are obtained with diet. This molecular mechanism may explain the adaptation of nudibranch membrane structure to dietary input of unusual FAs.

scholarly journals Deep-sea sponge grounds as nutrient sinks: denitrification is common in boreo-Arctic sponges

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Rooks ◽  
James Kar-Hei Fang ◽  
Pål Tore Mørkved ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Hans Tore Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Sponge Tissue ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Nutrient Sinks

Abstract. Sponges are commonly known as general nutrient providers for the marine ecosystem, recycling organic matter into various forms of bioavailable nutrients such as ammonium and nitrate. In this study we challenge this view. We show that nutrient removal through microbial denitrification is a common feature in six cold-water sponge species from boreal and Arctic sponge grounds. Denitrification rates were quantified by incubating sponge tissue sections with 15NO3--amended oxygen-saturated seawater, mimicking conditions in pumping sponges, and de-oxygenated seawater, mimicking non-pumping sponges. It was not possible to detect any rates of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) using incubations with 15NH4+. Denitrification rates of the different sponge species ranged from below detection to 97 nmol N cm−3 sponge d−1 under oxic conditions, and from 24 to 279 nmol N cm−3 sponge d−1 under anoxic conditions. A positive relationship between the highest potential rates of denitrification (in the absence of oxygen) and the species-specific abundances of nirS and nirK genes encoding nitrite reductase, a key enzyme for denitrification, suggests that the denitrifying community in these sponge species is active and prepared for denitrification. The lack of a lag phase in the linear accumulation of the 15N-labelled N2 gas in any of our tissue incubations is another indicator for an active community of denitrifiers in the investigated sponge species. Low rates for coupled nitrification–denitrification indicate that also under oxic conditions, the nitrate used to fuel denitrification rates was derived rather from the ambient seawater than from sponge nitrification. The lack of nifH genes encoding nitrogenase, the key enzyme for nitrogen fixation, shows that the nitrogen cycle is not closed in the sponge grounds. The denitrified nitrogen, no matter its origin, is then no longer available as a nutrient for the marine ecosystem. These results suggest a high potential denitrification capacity of deep-sea sponge grounds based on typical sponge biomass on boreal and Arctic sponge grounds, with areal denitrification rates of 0.6 mmol N m−2 d−1 assuming non-pumping sponges and still 0.3 mmol N m−2 d−1 assuming pumping sponges. This is well within the range of denitrification rates of continental shelf sediments. Anthropogenic impact and global change processes affecting the sponge redox state may thus lead to deep-sea sponge grounds changing their role in marine ecosystem from being mainly nutrient sources to becoming mainly nutrient sinks.

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