scholarly journals Microplastics pollution in salt pans from the Maheshkhali Channel, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Refat Jahan Rakib ◽  
Sultan Al Nahian ◽  
María B. Alfonso ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
Christian Ebere Enyoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sea Salts ◽  
Exposure Route ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Pollution Problem

AbstractMicroplastics (MP) were recognized as an emergent pollution problem due to their ubiquitous nature and bioaccumulative potential. Those present in salt for consumption could represent a human exposure route through dietary uptake. The current study, conducted in Bangladesh, reports microplastics contamination in coarse salt prepared for human consumption. Sea salt samples were collected from eight representative salt pans located in the country's largest salt farming area, in the Maheshkhali Channel, along the Bay of Bengal. Microplastics were detected in all samples, with mean concentrations ranging from 78 ± 9.33 to 137 ± 21.70 particles kg−1, mostly white and ranging in size from 500–1000 µm. The prevalent types were: fragments (48%) > films (22%) > fibers (15%) > granules and lines (both 9%). Fourier transform mid-IR and near-IR spectra (FT-MIR-NIR) analysis registered terephthalate (48%), polypropylene (20%), polyethylene (17%), and polystyrene (15%) in all samples. These results contribute to the MP's pollution knowledge in sea salts to understand and reduce this significant human exposure route and environmental pollution source in the future.

Shrimp-Artemia-salt integrated system, Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Tien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Technique ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
New Production ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Cyst Production ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Traditional solar salt pans appeared in Vinh Chau, Soc Trang province and Bac Lieu province in the 1960s (Do, 1998). Crude salt is mainly used for human consumption and to salt fish and fish sauces and therefore its demand is not considerable. Moreover, a large amount of crude salt was produced yearly at the sites which exceeded local consumption needs. Consequently, all salt produced could not be sold which reduced the income of salt farmers. Towards the end of the 1980s, an Artemia culture technique in salt pans for cyst production was developed by the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries (CAF), Cantho University, which proved to be more profitable than traditional salt production (Vu, 1997). Therefore the technique was immediately transferred to farmers and the production scale increased year by year. This case study describes the system of shrimp, Artemia and salt production which was introduced to salt farmers with the aim of developing a new production system to help to improve their living standards.

Application of near-IR Fourier transform resonance Raman spectroscopy to the study of photosynthetic proteins

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 785-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony A. Mattioli ◽  
Andreas Hoffmann ◽  
D.G. Sockalingum ◽  
Bernhard Schrader ◽  
Bruno Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Raman ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Photosynthetic Proteins

Mid-infrared laser beam steering based on Fourier transform OPO

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Bourderionnet ◽  
Arnaud Brignon ◽  
Daniel Dolfi ◽  
Jean-Pierre Huignard
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Scanners ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Infrared Laser Beam ◽  
Infrared Spectral Range ◽  
Optical Parametric ◽  
Infrared Spectral

Abstract:Inertia-less optical scanners are an essential building block for many systems, including remote sensing, spectroscopy, and optronics. Although many solutions provide efficient scanning devices in the visible to near-infrared spectral range today, none of these devices offers good performances in longer wavelengths like in the mid-IR range. The new rationale that is described in this paper is to take advantage of existing and well-proven steering techniques in the near IR and to reach mid-IR by frequency conversion in a specifically designed Fourier transform optical parametric oscillator.

Quantitative Analysis of Liquid Fuel Mixtures with the Use of Fourier Transform Near-IR Raman Spectroscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Seasholtz ◽  
D. D. Archibald ◽  
A. Lorber ◽  
B. R. Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Near-infrared Fourier transform (near-IR FT) Raman spectroscopy was used to predict mass percentages of liquid fuel mixtures without the use of an internal standard. The 29 mixtures making up the calibration set were composed of varying mass percentages of unleaded gasoline, superunleaded gasoline, and diesel. Predictions were made with the use of classical least-squares with the pure components. Root mean square error (RMSE) values for all samples were 13.5, 13.8, and 5.2% (absolute error) for unleaded, superunleaded, and diesel, respectively. Using an estimate of the pure spectra determined by calibration gave RMSE values of 13.3% for unleaded, 12.2% for superunleaded, and 5.0% for diesel. A partial least-squares (PLS) model was able to partially compensate for matrix effects. Using different portions of the Raman spectra reduced the RMSE to 5.7% for unleaded, 5.2% for superunleaded, and 1.3% for diesel.

scholarly journals Arquitectura y sal. Historia y curiosidades = Architecture and salt. History and curiosities

2020 ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
José Luis García Grinda
Keyword(s):  
Canary Island ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
El Hierro ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Personal A ◽  
History Of

RESUMEN:Acercamiento personal a la historia de la arquitectura de la sal, a través del estudio y documentación de ejemplos españoles. Empleamos el término arquitectura definido por William Morris (1881), en una concepción territorial incorporada en las contemporáneas definiciones patrimoniales: Paisaje Cultural (Carta de Cracovia, 2000), como el resultado y reflejo de una interacción prolongada a través de diferentes sociedades entre el hombre, la naturaleza y el medio ambiente físico. Los primeros contactos con salinas mediterráneas, como las de Cabo de Gata, la masiva presencia de fábricas de salazón romanas, como la de Sexi con origen fenicio. Salinas de mar modernas que emplean la amplitud de la marea, como Las Puntas en la isla canaria de El Hierro. Las salinas de interior, con utilización desde el neolítico y de gran importancia desde época medieval, como Poza de la Sal, Imón o Belinchón, vinculadas a trabajos de Inventario del patrimonio arquitectónico y declaraciones de BIC de los años 70 y 80 y otras investigaciones del patrimonio rural español. Su relación con la ganadería y la Mesta, su transporte histórico apoyado en la Cabaña Real de Carreteros, para detenernos en ejemplos de alfolíes y almacenes, presentes en salinas y núcleos de población. ABSTRACT:Personal approach to the history of salt architecture, supported by studies and research of Spanish examples. We use the term of Architecture used by William Morris (1881), with a territorial concept incorporated in modern heritage definitions: Cultural Landscape (Krakow Charter of 2000) First contacts with Mediterraneam salt pans, such as Cabo de Gata, the massive presence of Roman salting factories, such as Sexi with Phoenician origen. Modern sea salt pans that uses the breadth ot the tide, such as Las Puntas on the Canary island of El Hierro. Interior salt pans were used since the Neolithic and they had great importance since medieval times, such as Poza de la Sal, Imón or Belinchón. These salt pans are linked to inventory works of architectural heritage and BIC statements of the 70s and 80s and other research on Spanish rural heritage. Its relationship with livestock and the Mesta; its historical transport supported by the Cabaña Real de Carreteros. And finally stop at architecture of salt stores in salt pans and towns. 

A Fourier Transform Diode Array Spectrometer for the UV, Visible, and Near-IR

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Aryamanya-Mugisha ◽  
Ronald R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Diode Array ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Uv Visible

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy of CO and CO2 Confined in Aerogel Nanopores in the Near-IR Range

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
A. A. Solodov ◽  
T. M. Petrova ◽  
Yu. N. Ponomarev ◽  
A. M. Solodov
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Ir ◽  
Near Ir Range
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