Cerebrum, liver, and muscle regulatory networks uncover maternal nutrition effects in developmental programming of beef cattle during early pregnancy

AbstractThe molecular basis underlying fetal programming in response to maternal nutrition remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the regulatory relationships between genes in fetal cerebrum, liver, and muscle tissues to shed light on the putative mechanisms that underlie the effects of early maternal nutrient restriction on bovine developmental programming. To this end, cerebrum, liver, and muscle gene expression were measured with RNA-Seq in 14 fetuses collected on day 50 of gestation from dams fed a diet initiated at breeding to either achieve 60% (RES, n = 7) or 100% (CON, n = 7) of energy requirements. To build a tissue-to-tissue gene network, we prioritized tissue-specific genes, transcription factors, and differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we built condition-specific networks to identify differentially co-expressed or connected genes. Nutrient restriction led to differential tissue regulation between the treatments. Myogenic factors differentially regulated by ZBTB33 and ZNF131 may negatively affect myogenesis. Additionally, nutrient-sensing pathways, such as mTOR and PI3K/Akt, were affected by gene expression changes in response to nutrient restriction. By unveiling the network properties, we identified major regulators driving gene expression. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact of early maternal nutrition and strategic supplementation on pre- and post-natal performance.

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Using muscle gene expression to estimate triacylglyceride deposition, and relative contributions of fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid import in intramuscular fat in cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 1436 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. P. Dalrymple ◽

B. Guo ◽

G. H. Zhou ◽

W. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

De Novo ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Muscle Gene Expression ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Muscle Gene ◽

The Impact

Intramuscular fat content (IMF%) in cattle influences the value of individual animals, especially for higher marbling markets. IMF is triacylglyceride (TAG) in lipid droplets in the intramuscular adipocytes. However, there are many different pathways from feed intake to the final common process of TAG synthesis and storage as IMF. To evaluate the relative importance of different pathways we compared changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the TAG and fatty acid (FA) synthesis pathways in the longissimus muscle of Piedmontese × Hereford (P×H) and Wagyu × Hereford (W×H) crosses. Based on these changes we have estimated the relative contributions of FA synthesised de novo in the intramuscular adipocyte and the uptake of circulating FA (both free and from TAG), from the diet or synthesised de novo in other tissues, to TAG deposition as IMF. We have analysed the impact of different developmental times and different diets on these processes. Increased de novo FA synthesis in intramuscular adipocytes appeared to contribute more than increased FA uptake from circulation to the additional TAG deposition in W×H compared with P×H cattle between 12 and 25 months (forage diet). Changing diet from forage to concentrate appeared to increase the importance of FA uptake from circulation relative to de novo FA synthesis for TAG synthesis in intramuscular adipocytes. These results are consistent with the literature based on analysis of lipid composition. Gene expression appears to provide a simple assay for identification of the source of FA for the deposition of IMF.

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303 Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters muscle gene expression in fetal offspring

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/asasann.2017.303 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (suppl_4) ◽

pp. 150-150

Author(s):

S. M. Pillai ◽

M. L. Hoffman ◽

A. K. Jones ◽

K. K. McFadden ◽

J. R. Stevens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Muscle Gene Expression ◽

Muscle Gene

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Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2016-0415 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Roksana B. Zak ◽

Robert J. Shute ◽

Matthew W.S. Heesch ◽

D. Taylor La Salle ◽

Matthew P. Bubak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Environmental Temperature ◽

Human Model ◽

Whole Body ◽

Muscle Gene Expression ◽

Muscle Gene ◽

The Impact

Many human diseases lead to a loss of skeletal muscle metabolic function and mass. Local and environmental temperature can modulate the exercise-stimulated response of several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle function in a human model. However, the impact of environmental temperature, independent of exercise, has not been addressed in a human model. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exposure to hot, cold, and room temperature conditions on skeletal muscle gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle mass. Recreationally trained male subjects (n = 12) had muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after 3 h of exposure to hot (33 °C), cold (7 °C), or room temperature (20 °C) conditions. Temperature had no effect on most of the genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenesis, or proteolysis (p > 0.05). Core temperature was significantly higher in hot and cold environments compared with room temperature (37.2 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.001; 37.1 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.013; 36.9 ± 0.1 °C, respectively). Whole-body oxygen consumption was also significantly higher in hot and cold compared with room temperature (0.38 ± 0.01 L·min−1, p < 0.001; 0.52 ± 0.03 L·min−1, p < 0.001; 0.35 ± 0.01 L·min−1, respectively). In conclusion, these data show that acute temperature exposure alone does not elicit significant changes in skeletal muscle gene expression. When considered in conjunction with previous research, exercise appears to be a necessary component to observe gene expression alterations between different environmental temperatures in humans.

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