scholarly journals A single-centre, retrospective study of the incidence of invasive fungal infections during 85 years of autopsy service in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kátia Cristina Dantas ◽  
Thais Mauad ◽  
Carmen D. Saldiva de André ◽  
Ana Luiza Bierrenbach ◽  
Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Aids Pandemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequent Infection ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAutopsy continues to play an essential role in monitoring opportunistic fungal infections. However, few studies have analysed the historical trends of fungal infections in autopsies. Here, we analyse available data on fungal infections obtained from autopsy reports during 85 years of autopsies performed by the largest autopsy service in Brazil. All invasive fungal infections presented in autopsy reports between 1930 and 2015 were included. Of the 158,404 autopsy reports analysed, 1096 involved invasive fungal infections. In general, paracoccidioidomycosis (24%) was the most frequent infection, followed by candidiasis (18%), pneumocystosis (11.7%), cryptococcosis (11%), aspergillosis (11%) and histoplasmosis (3.8%). Paracoccidioidomycosis decreased after the 1950s, whereas opportunistic fungal infections increased steadily after the 1980s during the peak of the AIDS pandemic. The lung was the most frequently affected organ (73%). Disseminated infection was present in 64.5% of cases. In 26% of the 513 cases for which clinical charts were available for review, the diagnosis of opportunistic fungal infections was performed only at autopsy. Our unique 85-year history of autopsies showed a transition from endemic to opportunistic fungal infections in São Paulo, Brazil, reflecting increased urbanization, the appearance of novel diseases, such as AIDS in the 1980s, and advances in medical care over time.

Retrospective study on the incidence and outcome of proven and probable invasive fungal infections in high-risk pediatric onco-hematological patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cesaro ◽  
Gloria Tridello ◽  
Elio Castagnola ◽  
Elisabetta Calore ◽  
Francesca Carraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Hematological Patients

Observational studies on macroprolactin in a routine clinical laboratory

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian H. Barth ◽  
Carys M. Lippiatt ◽  
Stephen G. Gibbons ◽  
Robert A. Desborough
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Median Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Subsequent Sample ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background: It is now recommended that all samples with raised prolactin should be examined for the presence of macroprolactin. We performed a retrospective review of our experience of macroprolactin to determine the incidence and the natural history of macroprolactin. Methods: A retrospective study of macroprolactin was made in a large clinical laboratory. Macroprolactin was measured on those samples where it is requested and where the total prolactin is >1000 mIU/L. Prolactin was measured using the Siemens Centaur and macroprolactin was measured following polyethylene glycol (PEG)-precipitation. Results: The incidence of macroprolactin in samples where the total prolactin was >1000 mIU/L was 36/670 (5.4%). During this period, 12,064 samples were received for prolactin analysis. Over the period since 2006, 22 subjects had a sample with an isolated macroprolactin measurement followed by another sample without macroprolactin after a median period of 0.46 years. Twenty-five subjects had multiple consecutive measurements of macroprolactin lasting a median period of 2.1 years. Fourteen subjects had more than six samples which had been subjected to PEG precipitation. In these subjects, the reproducibility of PEG precipitation over a median of 6 years was 1.1% CV (recovery 75% [26–110] (median [range])). Conclusions: The presence of macroprolactin can change over time and we cannot advise that once a test for macroprolactinemia has been performed that it is not necessary to repeat the investigation if a subsequent sample is hyperprolactinemic; nor can one assume that macroprolactin will not develop even if it has been excluded previously.

Invasive fungal infections secondary to acute-on-chronic liver failure: a retrospective study

Mycoses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Na Lin ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Fu Bin Che ◽  
Ju Lin Gu ◽  
Jiang Han Chen
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure

INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS RECEIVING ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT: AN 8-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 936-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Ping ◽  
Dong BiRong ◽  
Wang BinYou ◽  
Liu GuanJian ◽  
Huang ChangQuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections

scholarly journals INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF HEAD AND NECK: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (70) ◽  
pp. 12125-12132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somu L ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Saravanam ◽  
Ravikumar A ◽  
Rohini Jose
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections

scholarly journals Historical Trends in Expressive Timing Strategies: Chopin's Etude, Op. 25 no. 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 176-201
Author(s):  
Michael Rector
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Expressive Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Timing Strategies ◽  
Over Time

Studies of early 20th-century performance practice tend to focus on features that are alien to late 20th- and early 21st-century ears. Empirical analysis of timing in recordings of Chopin's Etude, Op. 25 no. 1—a piece for which performance style has remained relatively static—suggests how some foundational rules of phrasing and expressive nuance have changed over the history of recorded music. Melody note onsets were marked manually in 127 commercial recordings dating from 1909 to 2016. Overall, the data do not show an increase or decrease over time in the amount of tempo fluctuation. Independently of a tendency to use slower tempi, pianists changed the way they employ rubato. Several factors contribute to a trend whereby the fourth beat is lengthened at the expense of the second and third beats: an increase in phrase-final lengthening, an increase in the use of tempo arching for shorter groups of measures, and a tendency to delay the arrival of an accented dissonance or change of harmony instead of lengthening the melody inter-onset interval that contains it. The data illustrate nearly imperceptible shifts in interpretation and suggest that some practices thought to be the bedrock of expressive performance may be historically conditioned.

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