scholarly journals White matter abnormalities in adults with bipolar disorder type-II and unipolar depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Manelis ◽  
Adriane Soehner ◽  
Yaroslav O. Halchenko ◽  
Skye Satz ◽  
Rachel Ragozzino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disorder Type

AbstractDiscerning distinct neurobiological characteristics of related mood disorders such as bipolar disorder type-II (BD-II) and unipolar depression (UD) is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and patterns of disruption in brain regions. More than 60% of individuals with UD experience subthreshold hypomanic symptoms such as elevated mood, irritability, and increased activity. Previous studies linked bipolar disorder to widespread white matter abnormalities. However, no published work has compared white matter microstructure in individuals with BD-II vs. UD vs. healthy controls (HC), or examined the relationship between spectrum (dimensional) measures of hypomania and white matter microstructure across those individuals. This study aimed to examine fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and mean diffusivity (MD) across BD-II, UD, and HC groups in the white matter tracts identified by the XTRACT tool in FSL. Individuals with BD-II (n = 18), UD (n = 23), and HC (n = 24) underwent Diffusion Weighted Imaging. The categorical approach revealed decreased FA and increased RD in BD-II and UD vs. HC across multiple tracts. While BD-II had significantly lower FA and higher RD values than UD in the anterior part of the left arcuate fasciculus, UD had significantly lower FA and higher RD values than BD-II in the area of intersections between the right arcuate, inferior fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi and forceps minor. The dimensional approach revealed the depression-by-spectrum mania interaction effect on the FA, RD, and AD values in the area of intersection between the right posterior arcuate and middle longitudinal fasciculi. We propose that the white matter microstructure in these tracts reflects a unique pathophysiologic signature and compensatory mechanisms distinguishing BD-II from UD.

scholarly journals Microstructural anatomical differences between bilinguals and monolinguals

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANDINI C. SINGH ◽  
ARCHITH RAJAN ◽  
ARCHANA MALAGI ◽  
KEERTHI RAMANUJAN ◽  
MATTEO CANINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Radiation

DTI is an established method to study cerebral white-matter microstructure. Two established measures of DTI are fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) and both differ for bilingual and monolingual speakers. Less is known about differences in two other measures called radial (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). We report differences in mean RD and AD-values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and forceps minor between bilingual (Hindi–English) and monolingual (English) speakers as well as differences in mean FA-values in the anterior thalamic radiation, right inferior fronto-occipital and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and mean MD-values in forceps minor and bilateral SLF. Noteworthy, a positive correlation between L2 proficiency and mean RD-values in the right SLF was observed. We suggest that changes in the geometry of white matter tracts reflect regular bilingual language experience and contend that neuroplasticity in right SLF results from demands on cognitive control for bilingual speakers.

Impulsivity and Brain Volume in Patients with Bipolar Disorder type I and Bipolar Disorder Type II

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S75-S75
Author(s):  
D. Janiri ◽  
G. Giuseppin ◽  
E. Spinazzola ◽  
M. Maggiora ◽  
G. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
The Right ◽  
Disorder Type

IntroductionImpulsivity is a key feature of both bipolar disorder (BD) type I (BDI) and type II (BDII).ObjectiveStructural neuroimaging studies help clarifying brain mechanisms underpinning the regulation of impulsivity in BDI and BDII.AimsTo address the question whether grey matter (GM) alterations relate differently with impulsivity in BDI and BDII.MethodsWe assessed 54 euthymic outpatients, diagnosed with BDI (n = 28) or BDII (n = 26) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. They underwent a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigation. GM brain volumes were analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel basis using Statistical Parametric Mapping 8. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), version 11A, was used to assess trait impulsivity.ResultsBDI and BDII patients present an inverse relationship between impulsivity and GM volume in two cerebral areas: the right cerebellum (right crus I) and the interface between the left angular gyrus and the left inferior parietal cortex (Brodmann Area 39, 7, 40). More specifically, a negative relationship for BPI and a positive relationship for BPII were found in both areas.ConclusionsResults suggest that the different diagnosis between BDI and BDII could have a significant effect on GM changes according to impulsivity severity and point up the importance of considering the BP subtype distinction in neuroimaging studies on this topic.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Fractional anisotropy of the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum in bipolar disorder type I, type II, unaffected siblings and healthy controls

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya F. Foley ◽  
Matthew Bracher-Smith ◽  
Katherine E. Tansey ◽  
Judith R. Harrison ◽  
Greg D. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Disorder Type

BackgroundFractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and the cingulum may be biomarkers for bipolar disorder and may even be distinctly affected in different subtypes of bipolar disorder, an area in need of further research.AimsThis study aims to establish if fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and cingulum shows differences between healthy controls, patients with bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II), and their unaffected siblings.MethodFractional anisotropy measures from the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum body and parahippocampal cingulum were compared with tractography methods in 40 healthy controls, 32 patients with BD-I, 34 patients with BD-II, 17 siblings of patients with BD-I and 14 siblings of patients with BD-II.ResultsThe main effects were found in both the right and left uncinate fasciculus, with patients with BD-I showing significantly lower fractional anisotropy than both patients with BD-II and healthy controls. Participants with BD-II did not differ from healthy controls. Siblings showed similar effects in the left uncinate fasciculus. In a subsequent complementary analysis, we investigated the association between fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus and polygenic risk for bipolar disorder and psychosis in a large cohort (n= 570) of healthy participants. However, we found no significant association.ConclusionsFractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus differs significantly between patients with BD-I and patients with BD-II and healthy controls. This supports the hypothesis of differences in the physiological sub-tract between bipolar disorder subtypes. Similar results were found in unaffected siblings, suggesting the potential for this biomarker to represent an endophenotype for BD-I. However, fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus seems unrelated to polygenic risk for bipolar disorder or psychosis.Declaration of interestNone.

Reduced white matter microstructure in bipolar disorder with and without psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Brown ◽  
Brooke S. Jackson ◽  
Courtney R. Burton ◽  
Jennifer E. Hoy ◽  
John A. Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

scholarly journals White matter abnormalities in the corpus callosum with cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (24) ◽  
pp. e2244-e2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian O. Bledsoe ◽  
Glenn T. Stebbins ◽  
Doug Merkitch ◽  
Jennifer G. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities

ObjectiveTo evaluate microstructural characteristics of the corpus callosum using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and their relationships to cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsSeventy-five participants with PD and 24 healthy control (HC) participants underwent structural MRI brain scans including DTI sequences and clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. Using Movement Disorder Society criteria, PD participants were classified as having normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 23), mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 35), or dementia (PDD, n = 17). Cognitive domain (attention/working memory, executive function, language, memory, visuospatial function) z scores were calculated. DTI scalar values, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), were established for 5 callosal segments on a midsagittal plane, single slice using a topographically derived parcellation method. Scalar values were compared among participant groups. Regression analyses were performed on cognitive domain z scores and DTI metrics.ResultsParticipants with PD showed increased AD values in the anterior 3 callosal segments compared to healthy controls. Participants with PDD had significantly increased AD, MD, and RD in the anterior 2 segments compared to participants with PD-NC and most anterior segment compared to participants with PD-MCI. FA values did not differ significantly between participants with PD and participants with HC or among PD cognitive groups. The strongest associations for the DTI metrics and cognitive performance occurred in the most anterior and most posterior callosal segments, and also reflected fronto-striatal and posterior cortical type cognitive deficits, respectively.ConclusionsMicrostructural white matter abnormalities of the corpus callosum, as measured by DTI, may contribute to PD cognitive impairment by disrupting information transfer across interhemispheric and callosal–cortical projections.

Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Type II in Heterozygous Twins

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
C. Derbel ◽  
J. Ben Thabet ◽  
N. Charfi ◽  
M. Maalej ◽  
L. Zouari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Disorder Type
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