scholarly journals Passive sampling and benchmarking to rank HOC levels in the aquatic environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian John Allan ◽  
Branislav Vrana ◽  
Jasperien de Weert ◽  
Alfhild Kringstad ◽  
Anders Ruus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Contaminant Fate ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

AbstractThe identification and prioritisation of water bodies presenting elevated levels of anthropogenic chemicals is a key aspect of environmental monitoring programmes. Albeit this is challenging owing to geographical scales, choice of indicator aquatic species used for chemical monitoring, and inherent need for an understanding of contaminant fate and distribution in the environment. Here, we propose an innovative methodology for identifying and ranking water bodies according to their levels of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in water. This is based on a unique passive sampling dataset acquired over a 10-year period with silicone rubber exposures in surface water bodies across Europe. We show with these data that, far from point sources of contamination, levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) in water approach equilibrium with atmospheric concentrations near the air/water surface. This results in a relatively constant ratio of their concentrations in the water phase. This, in turn, allows us to (i) identify sites of contamination with either of the two chemicals when the HCB/PeCB ratio deviates from theory and (ii) define benchmark levels of other HOCs in surface water against those of HCB and/or PeCB. For two polychlorinated biphenyls (congener 28 and 52) used as model chemicals, differences in contamination levels between the more contaminated and pristine sites are wider than differences in HCB and PeCB concentrations endorsing the benchmarking procedure.

scholarly journals Statistic Functions of the Surface Water Bodies’ Water Quality Hydrochemical Indicators Distribution

2012 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Hydrogen Carbonates ◽  
Surface Water Bodies

Water quality chemical indicators functions’ distribution formation mechanism has been discussed. It has been demonstrated that the water quality indicators’distribution variability is characterized by considerable asymmetry and it cannot be approximated by normal distribution, excluding dissolved oxygen, hydrogen carbonates, and silicon. A pattern for water quality point indicators calculation construction on the basis of water bodies’ water quality regular hydro-chemical monitoring data has been proposed.

Pressures and impact analysis in the Dnipro river basin within Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Osadcha ◽  
Yurii Nabyvanets ◽  
Volodimir Osadchyi ◽  
Olha Ukhan ◽  
Valeriy Osypov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Diffuse Sources

<p>The third largest European river Dnipro covers 48% of Ukraine’s territory. An analysis of the main anthropogenic pressures in the Dnipro Basin was first performed according to the requirements of EU WFD.</p><p>Surface water pollution by organic substances and nutrients is principally attributed with point sources, among which the municipal wastewaters play the dominant role. The main load by organic substances and nutrients is caused by the wastewater discharges of big cities with Population Equivalent >100 000; 89% of such cities are located within the sub-basins of Middle Dnipro and Lower Dnipro. </p><p>Point sources form 33% of nitrogen and 61% of phosphorus loads in the Dnipro Basin. Diffuse sources related to agricultural production cause incoming of 29% of nitrogen and 36% of phosphorus. Phosphorus is transported to the water bodies mainly with erosion particles. </p><p>Natural conditions in the River Basin are one of the reasons of nitrogen load significant share (33%). Humus compounds and nitrogen compounds enter into water bodies due to the high bogginess of the Dnipro Basin upper part, especially the Prypiaty Basin. This leads to winter and summer anoxia in the rivers and upper reservoirs and creates prerequisites for eutrophication of the Dnipro cascade reservoirs. Rivers of the Prypiaty sub-basin, Upper Dnipro, and Desna sub-basins are extremely vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution by nutrients and organic substances that generates the increased background of organic compounds and nitrogen in the Dnipro reservoirs cascade. </p><p>The load of the Dnipro Basin surface water by hazardous substances (especially synthetic) still remains insufficiently studied. Currently, information is only available regarding load by heavy metals included to the list of priority substances and some other ones. Water pollution by metals is noted mostly in the Lower Dnipro sub-basin where the most of the metallurgical enterprises are located. </p><p>The high application of pesticides (> 3 kg/ha) in 4 administrative Rayons leads to the appearance of risk conditions for pollution of xenobiotics in 50 surface water bodies (SWBs). </p><p>The Dnipro reservoirs cascade serves as a powerful geochemical barrier causing heavy metals and pesticides deposition in bottom sediments. The highest pollution by metals is noted in the sediments of the Dnipro reservoirs that receive the metallurgy enterprises wastewaters. Probability of significant secondary remobilization is foremost noted for Cadmium. Organochloride pesticides content in the bottom sediments is 2 to 5 times lower than maximal allowable concentration in soil. </p><p>Water abstraction volume is around 22% of the annual flow of 95% probability. The natural flow of the Dnipro is regulated by 6 large reservoirs. Besides, there are 1072 dams and other cross-sectional artificial installations. Natural morphology changes are observed in a large number of rivers within the Dnipro Basin. </p><p>It was found that 56% of the Dnipro Basin SWBs are at risk of failing the “good” ecological status.</p><p>Hydromorphological alterations cause the main anthropogenic pressure in the Dnipro Basin (concerning 45% of the SWBs). Risks from diffuse sources and point sources are observed in 23% and 5% of SWBs, respectively.</p>

Ecological and hygienic assessment pollution of surface and groundwater in Transural Region Republic of Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Z.B. Baktybaeva ◽  
R.A. Suleymanov ◽  
T.K. Valeev ◽  
N.R. Rakhmatullin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Carried out ecological and hygienic assessment of pollution of surface and groundwater of mining areas in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Revealed exceeding standards for fishery water bodies and drinking and cultural and community water use, which indicates the potential danger of surface water for the health of the region's population. The greatest relative contribution to the overall pollution of surface water bodies are making manganese (33,0–66,6 %), iron (9,1–15,6 %), calcium (6,5–11,7 %), lead (5,8– 7,2 %). The quality of water used for drinking purposes from decentralized water sources (boreholes, wells, springs), do not always correspond to the hygienic and sanitary-epidemiological requirements. In this case, the highest priority performance of drinking water contamination are increased stiffness, high content of iron, calcium, nitrate, presence cadmium, and hexavalent chromium.

Zebra Mussels as Biomonitors for Organic Contaminants in the Lower Great Lakes

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Comba ◽  
Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith ◽  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
St Lawrence River

Abstract Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River between 1990 and 1992. Composite samples of whole mussels (15 sites) or soft tissues (9 sites) were analyzed for residues of organochlo-rine pesticides and PCBs to evaluate zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants. Mussels from most sites contained measurable quantities of most of the analytes. Mean concentrations were (in ng/g, whole mussel dry weight basis) 154 ΣPCB, 8.4 ΣDDT, 3.5 Σchlordane, 3.4 Σaldrin, 1.4 ΣBHC, 1.0 Σendosulfan, 0.80 mirex and 0.40 Σchlorobenzene. Concentrations varied greatly between sites, i.e., from 22 to 497 ng/g for ΣPCB and from 0.08 to 11.6 ng/g for ΣBHC, an indication that mussels are sensitive to different levels of contamination. Levels of ΣPCB and Σendosulfan were highest in mussels from the St. Lawrence River, whereas mirex was highest in those from Lake Ontario. Overall, mussels from Lake Erie were the least contaminated. These observations agree well with the spatial contaminant trends shown by other biomoni-toring programs. PCB congener class profiles in zebra mussels are also typical for nearby industrial sources, e.g., mussels below an aluminum casting plant contained 55% di-, tri- and tetrachlorobiphenyls versus 31% in those upstream. We propose the use of zebra mussels as biomonitors of organic contamination in the Great Lakes.

scholarly journals Emerging Organic Contaminants in Chinese Surface Water: Identification of Priority Pollutants

Engineering ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Zhong ◽  
Tielong Wang ◽  
Wenxing Zhao ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Priority Pollutants ◽  
Emerging Organic Contaminants
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