scholarly journals The best temperature range to acquire reliable thermal infrared spectra from orbit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nestola ◽  
S. Ferrari ◽  
M. G. Pamato ◽  
G. Redhammer ◽  
J. Helbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Linear Behaviour ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Instantaneous Temperature

AbstractSolar System bodies undergo to daily and periodical variations of temperature that mainly depend on their closeness to the Sun. It is known that mineral expansion and contraction due to such variations modify the thermal infrared spectra acquired on solid surfaces. Therefore, it becomes crucial to know the best temperature range at which the acquisition itself should be carried out to get reliable information on the mineralogy of such bodies. Here we provide the thermal expansion of olivine between 20 and 298 K determined by X-ray diffraction. Our data reveal the non-linear behaviour of silicates that undergo to low temperatures, where volume variations appear positively correlated with temperatures. Subtle bond-length variations occurring at low temperatures are then expected to minimally affect vibrational absorption positions. We suggest that thermal infrared spectra of those Solar-System surfaces that are not exceeding 300 K provide reliable information about not only the silicate mineral identification but also on their chemical composition, regardless of the instantaneous temperature.

Notes: Conformational Changes in Proteins Induced by Low Temperatures: an Infrared Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Casal ◽  
U. Köhler ◽  
H. H. Mantsch ◽  
F. M. Goñi ◽  
J.L.R. Arrondo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Conformational Change ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Infrared Study ◽  
Temperature Range

Infrared spectra of hemoglobin (met-hemoglobin) and myoglobin were recorded in the temperature range -110 °C to 30 °C. On cooling hydroalcoholic solutions of hemoglobin, the spectra indicate a conformational change (revealed by the appearance of a band at 1665 cm-1) compatible with the appearance of distortions in its α-helical structure. In the case of myoglobin smaller effects are ob­ served. These conformational changes are entirely reversible and do not occur in frozen aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Ambient and cold-temperature infrared spectra and XRD patterns of ammoniated phyllosilicates and carbonaceous chondrite meteorites relevant to Ceres and other solar system bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1884-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethany L. Ehlmann ◽  
Robert Hodyss ◽  
Thomas F. Bristow ◽  
George R. Rossman ◽  
Eleonora Ammannito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Carbonaceous Chondrite ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Spectropolarimetric device for overatmospheric investigations of Solar system bodies

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Yatskiv ◽  
◽  
A.P. Vidmachenko ◽  
O.V. Morozhenko ◽  
M.G. Sosonkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Solar System Bodies

Features of radiothermoluminescence of polypropylene and ethylene propylenediene elastomer SKEPT-4044 compositions with nanoscale metal-containing fillers

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
A.M. Magerramov ◽  
◽  
N.I. Kurbanova ◽  
M.N. Bayramov ◽  
N.A. Alimirzoyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Molecular Mobility ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Β Relaxation

Using radiothermoluminescence (RTL), the molecular mobility features in the temperature range of 77-300 K were studied for the polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene elastomer SKEPT-4044 with NiO, Cu2O and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) based on ABS-acrylonitrile butadiene or SCS-divinyl styrene matrices. It has been shown that the introduction of nanofillers in PP significantly affects the nature and temperature of γ- and β-relaxation processes, while the region of manifestation of the β-process noticeably shifts to the region of low temperatures. Composites with Cu2O NPs have a higher β-transition temperature Tβ than composites with other NPs. It was found that PP/SKEPT-4044 composites with Cu2O NPs with a dispersion of 11-15 nm and acrylonitrile butadiene thermoplastics have optimal frost resistance compared to other compositions.

Dynamic Viscosity of Compressed Water to 10 Kilobar and Steam to 1500°C

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Bruges ◽  
M. R. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Inversion Temperature ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Correlating Equations ◽  
First Time

Equations specifying the dynamic viscosity of compressed water and steam are presented. In the temperature range 0-100cC the location of the inversion locus (mu) is defined for the first time with some precision. The low pressure steam results are re-correlated and a higher inversion temperature is indicated than that previously accepted. From 100 to 600°C values of viscosity are derived up to 3·5 kilobar and between 600 and 1500°C up to 1 kilobar. All the original observations in the gaseous phase have been corrected to a consistent set of densities and deviation plots for all the new correlations are given. Although the equations give values within the tolerances of the International Skeleton Table it is clear that the range and tolerances of the latter could with some advantage be revised to give twice the existing temperature range and over 10 times the existing pressure range at low temperatures. A list of the observations used and their deviations from the correlating equations is available as a separate publication.

scholarly journals Organic matter and water from asteroid Itokawa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. H. S. Chan ◽  
A. Stephant ◽  
I. A. Franchi ◽  
X. Zhao ◽  
R. Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Asteroid Belt ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Nanocrystalline Graphite ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Small Dust

AbstractUnderstanding the true nature of extra-terrestrial water and organic matter that were present at the birth of our solar system, and their subsequent evolution, necessitates the study of pristine astromaterials. In this study, we have studied both the water and organic contents from a dust particle recovered from the surface of near-Earth asteroid 25143 Itokawa by the Hayabusa mission, which was the first mission that brought pristine asteroidal materials to Earth’s astromaterial collection. The organic matter is presented as both nanocrystalline graphite and disordered polyaromatic carbon with high D/H and 15N/14N ratios (δD =  + 4868 ± 2288‰; δ15N =  + 344 ± 20‰) signifying an explicit extra-terrestrial origin. The contrasting organic feature (graphitic and disordered) substantiates the rubble-pile asteroid model of Itokawa, and offers support for material mixing in the asteroid belt that occurred in scales from small dust infall to catastrophic impacts of large asteroidal parent bodies. Our analysis of Itokawa water indicates that the asteroid has incorporated D-poor water ice at the abundance on par with inner solar system bodies. The asteroid was metamorphosed and dehydrated on the formerly large asteroid, and was subsequently evolved via late-stage hydration, modified by D-enriched exogenous organics and water derived from a carbonaceous parent body.

Optimization of Sample Holder Materials for Sensitive Magnetometry Measurements at Low Temperatures

2004 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bossi ◽  
N.R. Dilley ◽  
J. R. O'Brien ◽  
S. Spagna
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Magnetic Response ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Magnetization Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Paramagnetic Impurities ◽  
Fused Quartz

AbstractMagnetization measurements were performed as a function of magnetic field H and temperature T on samples of nine different materials including clear fused quartz, cartridge brass, G-10 glass-reinforced epoxy, acetal homopolymer, glass-filled acetal, phenolic, and other plastics. A small yet distinct amount of ferromagnetic or paramagnetic impurities is observed in all the materials investigated in this study except quartz. In contrast, the magnetic response of quartz is typical of a diamagnet over the temperature range 5 K to 300 K. The volume susceptibility is equal to −4.4×10−7 (cgs) over the whole temperature range.

scholarly journals The Grand Tack model: a critical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S310) ◽  
pp. 194-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean N. Raymond ◽  
Alessandro Morbidelli
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Protoplanetary Disk ◽  
Giant Planets ◽  
Asteroid Belt ◽  
Terrestrial Planets ◽  
Saturn’S Satellites ◽  
Internal Inconsistency ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Gas Accretion

AbstractThe “Grand Tack” model proposes that the inner Solar System was sculpted by the giant planets' orbital migration in the gaseous protoplanetary disk. Jupiter first migrated inward then Jupiter and Saturn migrated back outward together. If Jupiter's turnaround or “tack” point was at ~ 1.5 AU the inner disk of terrestrial building blocks would have been truncated at ~ 1 AU, naturally producing the terrestrial planets' masses and spacing. During the gas giants' migration the asteroid belt is severely depleted but repopulated by distinct planetesimal reservoirs that can be associated with the present-day S and C types. The giant planets' orbits are consistent with the later evolution of the outer Solar System.Here we confront common criticisms of the Grand Tack model. We show that some uncertainties remain regarding the Tack mechanism itself; the most critical unknown is the timing and rate of gas accretion onto Saturn and Jupiter. Current isotopic and compositional measurements of Solar System bodies – including the D/H ratios of Saturn's satellites – do not refute the model. We discuss how alternate models for the formation of the terrestrial planets each suffer from an internal inconsistency and/or place a strong and very specific requirement on the properties of the protoplanetary disk.We conclude that the Grand Tack model remains viable and consistent with our current understanding of planet formation. Nonetheless, we encourage additional tests of the Grand Tack as well as the construction of alternate models.

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