Effects of eliminating interactions in multi-layer culture on survival, food utilization and growth of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius at high temperatures

AbstractPoor growth and disease transmission of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius in summer greatly hamper the production efficiency of the longline culture. Reducing the adverse effects of high stocking density while maintaining high biomass is essential to address these problems. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment to simulate the multi-layer culture for sea urchins at ambient high temperatures (from 22.2 to 24.5 °C) in summer for ~ 7 weeks. Survival, body size, lantern growth, gut weight, food consumption, Aristotle's lantern reflex, 5-hydroxytryptamine concentration, pepsin activity and gut morphology were subsequently evaluated. The present study found that multi-layer culture led to significantly larger body size than those without multi-layer culture (the control group). This was probably because of the greater feeding capacity (indicated by lantern growth and Aristotle's lantern reflex) and food digestion (indicated by morphology and pepsin activity of gut) in the multi-layer cultured sea urchins. These results indicate that multi-layer is an effective approach to improving the growth efficiency of sea urchins at high temperatures. We assessed whether eliminating interaction further improve these commercially important traits of sea urchins in multi-layer culture. This study found that eliminating interactions displayed greater body size and Aristotle's lantern reflex than those not separated in the multi-layer culture. This approach also significantly reduced the morbidity compared with the control group. These novel findings indicate that eliminating interactions in multi-layer culture greatly contributes to the growth and disease prevention of sea urchins at high temperatures. The present study establishes a new technique for the longline culture of sea urchins in summer and provides valuable information into the longline culture management of other commercially important species (e.g. scallops, abalones and oysters).

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Induced sterility in fish and its potential and challenges for aquaculture and germ cell transplantation technology: a review

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2016-0118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Amin Golpour ◽

Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique ◽

Diógenes Henrique Siqueira-Silva ◽

Martin Pšenička

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hormonal Treatment ◽

Important Species ◽

Genetic Ablation ◽

Germ Cell Transplantation ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Alternative Approaches ◽

Hormone Signalling

AbstractInterest in reproductively sterile fish in aquaculture has prompted research into their production. Several methods are available for inducing sterility and optimizing its application in the global fishery industry. Sterilization can potentially be accomplished through irradiation, surgery, or chemical and hormonal treatment. Alternative approaches include triploidization, hybridization, and generation of new lines via advanced biotechnological techniques. Triploids of many commercially important species have been studied extensively and have been produced on a large scale for many years. Novel approaches, including disruption of gonadotropin releasing hormone signalling and genetic ablation of germ cells, have been developed that are effective in producing infertile fish but have the disadvantage of not being 100% reliable or are impractical for large-scale aquaculture. We review currently used technologies and recent advances in induction of sterility in fish, especially those intended for use in germ cell transplantation. Knowledge of the implications of these approaches remains incomplete, imposing considerable limitations.

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Do changes in reef habitats influence relative predation risk on the juvenile Australasian spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875)?

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003447 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 88 (7-8) ◽

pp. 839-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J. Hesse ◽

J. A. Stanley ◽

A. G. Jeffs

Keyword(s):

Predation Risk ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Spiny Lobster ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Small Spatial Scale ◽

Important Species ◽

Early Juvenile ◽

Risk Of Predation ◽

Jasus Edwardsii ◽

Commercially Important

Kelp habitats are in decline in many temperate coastal regions of the world due to climate change and expansion of populations of grazing urchins. The loss of kelp habitat may influence the vulnerability to predators of the juveniles of commercially important species. In this study relative predation rates for kelp versus barren reef habitat were measured for early juvenile Australasian spiny lobster, Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), on the northeastern coast of New Zealand using tethering methods. Variation in assemblages of predators over small spatial scales appeared to be more important for determining the relative predation of lobsters, regardless of habitat type. Therefore, the assessment of relative predation risk to early juvenile lobsters between kelp and barren habitats will require more extensive sampling at a small spatial scale, as well as a specific focus on sampling during crepuscular and nocturnal periods when these lobsters are most at risk of predation.

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Feeding of the Brycon cephalus, Triportheus elongatus and Semaprochilodus insignis (osteichthyes, characiformes) larvae in Solimões/Amazonas River and floodplain areas.

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-43922002323515 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 499-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rosseval Galdino LEITE ◽

Carlos A.R.M. ARAUJO-LIMA

Keyword(s):

Food Item ◽

Prey Size ◽

Larval Fish ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Trophic Relations ◽

Fish Feeding ◽

Important Species ◽

Flooded Forests ◽

Commercially Important

Information on larval fish feeding is essential for understanding their trophic relations, including the management in conditions totally or partially controlled by humans. An experiment was designed to evaluate the larval diets of three commercially important species. Four varzea-lakes and the adjacent river were sampled with bongo and hand nets from January 1993 to November 1995. Larval diets were evaluated by length-classes and capture sites, and were tested by two factor ANOVA. The larvae were feeding in all habitats, except in the flooded forests. The three species had different diets, which varied with their length and lake. The rotifers were the main initial food item of the three species, replaced by fish larvae in Brycon cephalus, cladocerans in Triportheus elongatus and detritus in Semaprochilodus insignis. The increase of the ingestion limit, as the larvae grew, was higher than the increase in the consumed prey size for the three species.

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The Influence of Current Speed, Body Size and Water Temperature On the Filtration Rate of Five Species of Bivalves

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400018737 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 345-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 193

Author(s):

P. R. Walne

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Filtration Rate ◽

Current Speed ◽

Suitable Method ◽

Water Filtration ◽

Water Current ◽

Water Requirements ◽

Important Species ◽

Shellfish Culture

The rate of water filtration by bivalves has long excited interest, but it has in practice proved difficult to measure in conditions where the animal is relatively free from constraint. Its estimation is important from a number of aspects: feeding studies; as an indicator of the animal's reaction to its environment; and for predicting the flow of water required for the culture of economically important species. The work reported in this paper started as part of the general programme on shellfish culture in progress at this laboratory. During the development of a suitable method for studying the water requirements it became clear that one factor, water current, had a more important influence than has been generally recognized.

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LWR models of 2 commercially important species from the Bulgarian marine area

Sustainable Development and Innovations in Marine Technologies ◽

10.1201/9780367810085-83 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 622-631

Author(s):

I. Zlateva ◽

N. Nikolov ◽

V. Raykov ◽

M. Yankova

Keyword(s):

Important Species ◽

Marine Area ◽

Commercially Important

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Possible impacts of zoosporic parasites in diseases of commercially important marine mollusc species: part I. Perkinsozoa

Botanica Marina ◽

10.1515/bot-2016-0132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frank H. Gleason ◽

Osu Lilje ◽

Cecile Dang ◽

Sabrina Geraci-Yee ◽

Jackie L. Collier

Keyword(s):

Important Species ◽

Marine Mollusc ◽

Mollusc Species ◽

Commercially Important

AbstractThe phylum Perkinsozoa includes well-known parasites of commercially important species of molluscs in aquaculture, such as

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Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e8001 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jiangnan Sun ◽

Xiaomei Chi ◽

Mingfang Yang ◽

Jingyun Ding ◽

Dongtao Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Foraging Behavior ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

High Light Intensity ◽

High Light ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

Low Light ◽

Low Light Intensity ◽

Light Intensities ◽

Significant Difference

Small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are exposed to different environments of light intensities after being reseeded to the sea bottom. With little information available about the behavioral responses of S. intermedius to different light intensities in the environment, we carried out an investigation on how S. intermedius is affected by three light intensity environments in terms of phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors. They were no light (zero lx), low light intensity (24–209 lx) and high light intensity (252–2,280 lx). Light intensity had obvious different effects on phototaxis. In low light intensity, sea urchins moved more and spent significantly more time at the higher intensity (69–209 lx) (P = 0.046). S. intermedius in high light intensity, in contrast, spent significantly more time at lower intensity (252–690 lx) (P = 0.005). Unexpectedly, no significant difference of movement (average velocity and total distance covered) was found among the three light intensities (P > 0.05). Foraging behavior of S. intermedius was significantly different among the light intensities. In the no light environment, only three of ten S. intermedius found food within 7 min. In low light intensity, nine of 10 sea urchins showed successful foraging behavior to the food placed at 209 lx, which was significantly higher than the ratio of the number (two of 10) when food was placed at 24 lx (P = 0.005). In the high light intensity, in contrast, significantly less sea urchins (three of 10) found food placed at the higher light intensity (2,280 lx) compared with the lower light intensity (252 lx) (10/10, P = 0.003). Furthermore, S. intermedius showed significantly longer righting response time in the high light intensity compared with both no light (P = 0.001) and low light intensity (P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in righting behavior between no light and low light intensity (P = 0.892). The present study indicates that light intensity significantly affects phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of S. intermedius and that ~200 lx might be the appropriate light intensity for reseeding small S. intermedius.

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Artificial maturation, fertilization, and early development of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z10-081 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (11) ◽

pp. 1121-1128 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

K. Oliveira ◽

W. E. Hable

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Anguilla Rostrata ◽

Sargasso Sea ◽

American Eel ◽

Important Species ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Elusive Species ◽

American Eels

Spawning for the American eel ( Anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur, 1817)) takes place in secretive locations within the Sargasso Sea, which has thus far prevented investigations of gametogenesis and early development in this ecologically and commercially important species. Attempts to induce maturation and reproduction in this species have been few and have produced limited results, with a single report of the production of gastrula-stage embryos. Here we report the successful maturation of female American eels. Maturation occurred within 13 weeks and ovulation was induced with a single injection of 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). Following in vitro fertilization, embryogenesis through hatching was observed and larvae were maintained for up to 6 days. We show that a crucial factor for successful fertilization is the stage of the oocyte at the time of induced ovulation. Oocytes that had not reached the migratory nucleus stage, or had passed this stage, were not successfully fertilized. These findings demonstrate that American eel can reproduce in the laboratory and previously untestable hypotheses pertaining to the developmental biology of this elusive species can now be explored.

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