Fatty liver index as a predictor for type 2 diabetes in subjects with normoglycemia in a nationwide cohort study

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate whether fatty liver index (FLI) is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) development within the Spanish adult population and according to their prediabetes status; additionally, to examine its incremental predictive value regarding traditional risk factors. A total of 2260 subjects (Prediabetes: 641 subjects, normoglycemia: 1619 subjects) from the [email protected] cohort study were studied. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical data and survey on habits were recorded. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed and fasting determinations of glucose, lipids and insulin were made. FLI was calculated and classified into three categories: Low (< 30), intermediate (30–60) and high (> 60). In total, 143 people developed diabetes at follow-up. The presence of a high FLI category was in all cases a significant independent risk factor for the development of diabetes. The inclusion of FLI categories in prediction models based on different conventional T2DM risk factors significantly increase the prediction power of the models when all the population was considered. According to our results, FLI might be considered an early indicator of T2DM development even under normoglycemic condition. The data also suggest that FLI could provide additional information for the prediction of T2DM in models based on conventional risk factors.

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Fatty liver index is a risk determinant of incident type 2 diabetes in a metabolically healthy population with obesity

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.21483 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1373-1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Chang Hee Jung ◽

Yu Mi Kang ◽

Jung Eun Jang ◽

Jenie Yoonoo Hwang ◽

Eun Hee Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Incident Type ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index ◽

Incident Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolically Healthy

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Habitual Fructose Intake Relates to Insulin Sensitivity and Fatty Liver Index in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Individuals without Diabetes

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10060774 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 774 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katharina Weber ◽

Marie-Christine Simon ◽

Klaus Strassburger ◽

Daniel Markgraf ◽

Anette Buyken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Recent Onset ◽

Onset Type ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index ◽

Fructose Intake ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Influence of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors on fatty liver index parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus

The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43162-020-00013-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Ali Gameil ◽

Mohammed Shereif Abdelgawad ◽

Monir Hussein Bahgat ◽

Ahmed Hassan Elsebaie ◽

Rehab Elsayed Marzouk

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index

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Fatty liver index and progression to type 2 diabetes: a 5-year longitudinal study in Spanish workers with pre-diabetes

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e045498

Author(s):

Carla Busquets-Cortés ◽

Miquel Bennasar-Veny ◽

Angel-Arturo López-González ◽

Sergio Fresneda ◽

Antoni Aguiló ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Occupational Health Services ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index

ObjectiveThe main aim of the study was to evaluate the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), estimated by fatty liver index (FLI), and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a large cohort of adult workers with pre-diabetes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingOccupational health services from Spain.Participants16 648 adult workers (aged 20–65 years) with pre-diabetes (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100–125 mg/dL).Outcome and measuresFLI was calculated based on measurements of triglycerides, body mass index, waist circumference and γ-glutamyltransferase. The population was classified into three categories: FLI<30 (no hepatic steatosis), FLI 30–60 (intermediate status) and FLI>60 (hepatic steatosis). Sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary habits, physical activity and clinical data were collected from all subjects. The incidence rate of T2D was determined after 5 years of follow-up.ResultsAfter 5 years of follow-up, 3706 of the 16 648 participants (22.2%) were diagnosed with T2D, corresponding to an annual rate of progression of 4.5%. FLI was strongly associated with T2D conversion. The incidence rates of T2D in the FLI<30, FLI 30–60 and FLI>60 groups were significantly different after 5 years of follow-up were 19/6,421 (0.3%), 338/4,318 (7.8%) and 3,349/5,909 (56.7%), respectively. This association remained significant for FLI>60 after adjustment for, age, diet, physical activity, FPG, blood pressure, social class and smoking habits (adjusted HR=6.879; 95% CI 5.873 to 8.057 for men, and HR=5.806; 95% CI 4.863 to 6.932 for women).ConclusionNAFLD assessed by FLI independently predicted the risk of conversion to T2D among people with pre-diabetes. FLI may be an easily determined and valuable early predictor for T2D in people with pre-diabetes. FLI-based assessment of NAFLD in subjects with pre-diabetes in routine clinical practice could allow the adoption of effective measures to prevent and reduce their progression to T2D.

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Circulating Glycerolipids, Fatty Liver Index and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study among Chinese

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab165 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenhua Niu ◽

QingQing Wu ◽

Liang Sun ◽

Qibin Qi ◽

He Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Liver Index ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Fatty Liver Index

Abstract Context Few lipidomic studies have specifically investigated the association of circulating glycerolipids and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, especially among Asian populations. It remains unknown whether or to what degree fatty liver could explain the glycerolipids-T2D associations. Objective We aimed to assess associations between plasma glycerolipids and incident T2D, and explore a potential role of liver fat accumulation in the associations. Design A prospective cohort study with 6-year of follow-up. Participants This work included 1,781 Chinese aged 50-70 years. Main Outcome Measures T2D. Results At 6-year resurvey, 463 participants developed T2D. At the false-discovery rate (FDR) of 5%, 43 of 104 glycerolipids were significantly associated with incident T2D risk after multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors. After further controlling for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 9 of the 43 glycerolipids remained significant, including 2 diacylglycerols (DAGs)(16:1/20:4, 18:2/20:5) and 7 triacylglycerols (TAGs)(46:1, 48:0, 48:1, 50:0, 50:1, 50:2, and 52:2), with relative risks (RRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) ranging from 1.16 (1.05 to 1.27) to 1.23 (1.11 to 1.36) per SD increment of glycerolipids. However, additional adjustment for fatty liver index (FLI) largely attenuated these findings (RRs [95% CIs] were 0.88 [0.81 to 0.95] to 1.10 [1.01 to 1.21]). Mediation analyses suggested that the FLI explained 12%-28% glycerolipids-T2D associations (all p < 0.01). Conclusions Higher plasma levels of DAGs and TAGs were associated with increased incident T2D risk in this Chinese population, which might be partially explained by liver fat accumulation.

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Fatty liver index is positively associated with PCSK9 serum concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.562 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. e180-e181

Author(s):

M. Walus-Miarka ◽

M. Kapusta ◽

B. Idzior-Walus ◽

E. Kawalec

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index

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Association of Hepatic Steatosis Index and Fatty Liver Index with Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes

International Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.7150/ijms.62010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 3280-3289

Author(s):

Chenxi Wang ◽

Zhensheng Cai ◽

Xia Deng ◽

Haoxiang Li ◽

Zhicong Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index ◽

Hepatic Steatosis Index

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Reduced Rank Regression-Derived Dietary Patterns Related to the Fatty Liver Index and Associations with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Ghanaian Populations under Transition: The RODAM Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113679 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3679

Author(s):

Tracy Bonsu Osei ◽

Anne-Marieke van Dijk ◽

Sjoerd Dingerink ◽

Felix Patience Chilunga ◽

Erik Beune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Standard Deviation Increase ◽

Liver Index ◽

Fatty Liver Index

The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) is a proxy for the steatotic component of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For sub-Saharan African populations, the contribution of dietary factors to the development of NAFLD in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains to be clarified. We identified sex-specific dietary patterns (DPs) related to the FLI using reduced ranked regression (RRR) and evaluated the associations of these DPs with T2DM. This analysis used data from the RODAM, a multi-center cross-sectional study of Ghanaian populations living in Ghana and Europe. The daily intake frequencies of 30 food groups served as the predictor variables, while the FLI was the response variable. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for T2DM were calculated per one standard deviation increase in the DP score using logistic regression. In males, the DP score explained 9.9% of the variation in their food intake and 16.0% of the variation in the FLI. This DP was characterized by high intakes of poultry, whole-grain cereals, coffee and tea, condiments, and potatoes, and the chance of T2DM was 45% higher per 1 DP score-SD (Model 2). Our results indicate that the intake of modernized foods was associated with proxies of NAFLD, possibly underlying the metabolic pathways to developing T2DM.

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