scholarly journals Effect of antibiotic treatment on Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the gut microbiome and urinary oxalate excretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lama Nazzal ◽  
Fritz Francois ◽  
Nora Henderson ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Huilin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urine Electrolytes ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

AbstractThe incidence of kidney stones is increasing in the US population. Oxalate, a major factor for stone formation, is degraded by gut bacteria reducing its intestinal absorption. Intestinal O. formigenes colonization has been associated with a lower risk for recurrent kidney stones in humans. In the current study, we used a clinical trial of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori to assess the effects of an antibiotic course on O. formigenes colonization, urine electrolytes, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Of 69 healthy adult subjects recruited, 19 received antibiotics for H. pylori eradication, while 46 were followed as controls. Serial fecal samples were examined for O. formigenes presence and microbiota characteristics. Urine, collected serially fasting and following a standard meal, was tested for oxalate and electrolyte concentrations. O. formigenes prevalence was 50%. Colonization was significantly and persistently suppressed in antibiotic-exposed subjects but remained stable in controls. Urinary pH increased after antibiotics, but urinary oxalate did not differ between the control and treatment groups. In subjects not on antibiotics, the O. formigenes-positive samples had higher alpha-diversity and significantly differed in Beta-diversity from the O. formigenes-negative samples. Specific taxa varied in abundance in relation to urinary oxalate levels. These studies identified significant antibiotic effects on O. formigenes colonization and urinary electrolytes and showed that overall microbiome structure differed in subjects according to O. formigenes presence. Identifying a consortium of bacterial taxa associated with urinary oxalate may provide clues for the primary prevention of kidney stones in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Effect of antibiotic treatment on Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the gut microbiome and urinary oxalate excretion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lama Nazzal ◽  
Fritz Francois ◽  
Nora Henderson ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Huilin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urine Electrolytes ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Abstract Background: The incidence of kidney stones is increasing in the US population. Oxalate, a major factor for stone formation, is degraded by gut bacteria reducing its intestinal absorption. Intestinal O. formigenes colonization has been associated with a lower risk for recurrent kidney stones in humans. In the current study, we used a clinical trial of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori to assess the effects of an antibiotic course on O. formigenes colonization, urine electrolytes, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Methods: Of 69 healthy adult subjects recruited, 19 received antibiotics for H. pylori eradication, while 46 were followed as controls. Serial fecal samples were examined for O. formigenes presence and microbiota characteristics. Urine, collected serially fasting and following a standard meal, was tested for oxalate and electrolyte concentrations. Results: O. formigenes prevalence was 50%. Colonization was significantly and persistently suppressed in antibiotic-exposed subjects but remained stable in controls. Urinary pH increased after antibiotics, but urinary oxalate did not differ between the control and treatment groups. The O. formigenes-positive samples had higher alpha-diversity and significantly differed in Beta-diversity from the O. formigenes-negative samples. Specific taxa varied in abundance in relation to urinary oxalate levels.Conclusions: These studies identified significant antibiotic effects on O. formigenes colonization and urinary electrolytes and showed that overall microbiome structure differed in subjects according to O. formigenes presence. Identifying a consortium of bacterial taxa associated with urinary oxalate may provide clues for the primary prevention of kidney stones in healthy adults.

scholarly journals Glyoxal Formation and Its Role in Endogenous Oxalate Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Lange ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Dean G. Assimos ◽  
Ross P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis

Calcium oxalate kidney stones are a common condition affecting many people in the United States. The concentration of oxalate in urine is a major risk factor for stone formation. There is evidence that glyoxal metabolism may be an important contributor to urinary oxalate excretion. Endogenous sources of glyoxal include the catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Here, we review all the known sources of glyoxal as well as its relationship to oxalate synthesis and crystal formation.

scholarly journals Oxalobacter formigenes Colonization and Oxalate Dynamics in a Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (15) ◽  
pp. 5048-5054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingsheng Li ◽  
Melissa L. Ellis ◽  
John Knight
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Host Bacterium ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Dietary Oxalate ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Unique Ability

ABSTRACTAnimal and human studies have provided compelling evidence that colonization of the intestine withOxalobacter formigenesreduces urinary oxalate excretion and lowers the risk of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. The mechanism providing protection appears to be related to the unique ability ofO. formigenesto rely on oxalate as a major source of carbon and energy for growth. However, much is not known about the factors that influence colonization and host-bacterium interactions. We have colonized mice withO. formigenesOxCC13 and systematically investigated the impacts of diets with different levels of calcium and oxalate onO. formigenesintestinal densities and urinary and intestinal oxalate levels. Measurement of intestinal oxalate levels in mice colonized or not colonized withO. formigenesdemonstrated the highly efficient degradation of soluble oxalate byO. formigenesrelative to other microbiota. The ratio of calcium to oxalate in diets was important in determining colonization densities and conditions where urinary oxalate and fecal oxalate excretion were modified, and the results were consistent with those from studies we have performed with colonized and noncolonized humans. The use of low-oxalate purified diets showed that 80% of animals retainedO. formigenescolonization after a 1-week dietary oxalate deprivation. Animals not colonized withO. formigenesexcreted two times more oxalate in feces than they had ingested. This nondietary source of oxalate may play an important role in the survival ofO. formigenesduring periods of dietary oxalate deprivation. These studies suggest that the mouse will be a useful model to further characterize interactions betweenO. formigenesand the host and factors that impact colonization.

scholarly journals Dietary oxalate and kidney stone formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. F409-F413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanecia Mitchell ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Thanmaya Reddy ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
John Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stone ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Stone Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Dietary oxalate is plant-derived and may be a component of vegetables, nuts, fruits, and grains. In normal individuals, approximately half of urinary oxalate is derived from the diet and half from endogenous synthesis. The amount of oxalate excreted in urine plays an important role in calcium oxalate stone formation. Large epidemiological cohort studies have demonstrated that urinary oxalate excretion is a continuous variable when indexed to stone risk. Thus, individuals with oxalate excretions >25 mg/day may benefit from a reduction of urinary oxalate output. The 24-h urine assessment may miss periods of transient surges in urinary oxalate excretion, which may promote stone growth and is a limitation of this analysis. In this review we describe the impact of dietary oxalate and its contribution to stone growth. To limit calcium oxalate stone growth, we advocate that patients maintain appropriate hydration, avoid oxalate-rich foods, and consume an adequate amount of calcium.

scholarly journals Effect of Blending and the Simultaneous Ingestion of a Probiotic Containing Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria on Oxalate Absorption

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Michael Liebman ◽  
Jane Walukano
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Absorption ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Daily Ingestion ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation ◽  
Dietary Oxalate

Both a high dietary oxalate intake and increased gastrointestinal absorption can lead to elevated urinary oxalate, a risk factor for kidney stone formation. Numerous studies have assessed whether daily ingestion of a probiotic containing oxalate-degrading bacteria can reduce urinary oxalate/oxalate absorption, but it appears only one previous study assessed whether the simultaneous ingestion of oxalate-degrading probiotic bacteria consumed with an oxalate load can exert this effect. This was assessed in the present study in a population of 11 healthy non-stone formers (6 males, 5 females), aged 21 – 37 y, using the probiotic VSL#3<sup>®</sup>. A spinach-sweet potato mixture provided an oxalate dose of 534 mg and urine samples were collected for a 22 h period post-oxalate ingestion. An additional objective was to assess the effect of blending oxalate-containing foods on oxalate absorption. The overall results suggested that the spinach and sweet potato provided oxalate of low bioavailability. Changing the texture of these foods by blending did not have an effect on oxalate absorption nor was VSL#3<sup>®</sup> effective in reducing urinary oxalate levels. VSL#3<sup>®</sup> may have been more effective if the oxalate dose had been provided in a more bioavailable form leading to a higher initial oxalate absorption/urinary oxalate excretion.

scholarly journals Oral Vaccination against Lawsoniaintracellularis Changes the Intestinal Microbiome in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Robin B. Guevarra ◽  
Jae Hyoung Cho ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Jun Hyung Lee ◽  
Hyeri Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups

Lawsoniaintracellularis, which causes porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE), is a common swine intestinal pathogen that is prevalent in pig production sites worldwide. In this study, the alteration in the microbiome composition of weaned pigs was investigated in response to vaccination against L. intracellularis, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A total of 64 crossbred (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) healthy weanling pigs weaned at 4 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (four pigs/pen; four pens/treatment), using a randomized complete block design for the 42-day trial. Pigs in the treatment groups were orally administered with three different doses (1 dose = 2 mL) of vaccine against L. intracellularis (Enterisol® Ileitis, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH), namely the following: LAW1 (0.5 dose), LAW2 (1 dose), LAW3 (2 dose). A non-vaccinated group served as a negative control (CONT). Alpha diversity analysis revealed that vaccination led to significant changes in species evenness but not species richness of the gut microbiota. Beta diversity analysis revealed that vaccination against L. intracellularis caused a significant shift in the microbial community structure. At the genus level, there was a significant increase in Streptococcus and a significant decrease in Clostridium in the fecal microbiota of vaccinated pigs, regardless of dose.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Oxalobacter formigenes Strain SSYG-15

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-yun Sun ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Hong-jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stool Sample ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalobacter Formigenes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Healthy Chinese ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

Colonization of the intestine with Oxalobacter formigenes reduces urinary oxalate excretion and lowers the risk of forming calcium oxalate kidney stones. Here, we report the genome sequence of Oxalobacter formigenes SSYG-15, a strain isolated from a stool sample from a healthy Chinese boy.

scholarly journals Analytical procedures and methods validation for oxalate content estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4305-4310 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

Increased urinary oxalate is considered a major risk factor in the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Gut microbiota may reduce the risk of stone formation. Anyway, the first step for any research about monitoring of oxalate content (both in vitro and in vivo) is a determination of its concentration, while there are different methods reported in the literature for oxalate content determination. In this research, the main reported methods including titration with two titrators (potassium permanganate, and NaOH) as well as enzymatic method (oxalate assay kit) are presented and compared for the measurement of oxalate in both inoculated and non-inoculated media.

The effect of dietary hydroxyproline and dietary oxalate on urinary oxalate excretion in cats

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Dijcker ◽  
E. A. Hagen-Plantinga ◽  
D. G. Thomas ◽  
Y. Queau ◽  
V. Biourge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Dietary Oxalate
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