scholarly journals Analytical procedures and methods validation for oxalate content estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4305-4310 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Enzymatic Method ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Risk Of Stone Formation

Increased urinary oxalate is considered a major risk factor in the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Gut microbiota may reduce the risk of stone formation. Anyway, the first step for any research about monitoring of oxalate content (both in vitro and in vivo) is a determination of its concentration, while there are different methods reported in the literature for oxalate content determination. In this research, the main reported methods including titration with two titrators (potassium permanganate, and NaOH) as well as enzymatic method (oxalate assay kit) are presented and compared for the measurement of oxalate in both inoculated and non-inoculated media.

scholarly journals Glyoxal Formation and Its Role in Endogenous Oxalate Synthesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Lange ◽  
Kyle D. Wood ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Dean G. Assimos ◽  
Ross P. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion ◽  
Oxalate Synthesis

Calcium oxalate kidney stones are a common condition affecting many people in the United States. The concentration of oxalate in urine is a major risk factor for stone formation. There is evidence that glyoxal metabolism may be an important contributor to urinary oxalate excretion. Endogenous sources of glyoxal include the catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Here, we review all the known sources of glyoxal as well as its relationship to oxalate synthesis and crystal formation.

The relation of clinical catastrophes, endogenous oxalate production, and urolithiasis

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1717-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Conyers ◽  
R Bais ◽  
A M Rofe
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Isolated Hepatocytes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract A dose-related toxicity syndrome of renal, cerebral, and liver dysfunction; metabolic acidosis; and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in tissues is reported in association with various apparently unrelated treatments for a wide range of diseases. The parenteral nutrient xylitol, the hyperosmolar agent glycerol, the polysorbate emulsifiers (e.g., in vitamin E preparations), the anesthetic methoxyflurane, and possibly the experimental hypoglycemic agent dichloroacetate all produce a toxicity syndrome very similar to that of ethylene glycol poisoning. In long-term, high-dose oral toxicity studies with rodents, these or similar agents also produce calcium oxalate bladder stones and bladder tumors. Studies with both unlabeled and labeled agents in humans and animals and in vitro experiments with purified enzymes, tissue homogenates, and isolated hepatocytes have provided both strong circumstantial and direct evidence for the existence of minor pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and of oxidative dealkylation and dehalogenation reactions in drug biotransformations that link these agents to endogenous oxalate production. Because urinary oxalate is now considered to be a critical factor in stone formation and because it is increasingly accepted that 80-90% of urinary oxalate is produced endogenously, it is now possible to formulate pathways that link oxalate production with dietary macronutrients. Therapeutic modifications of diet, in vivo hormonal milieu, and intracellular metabolic controls in relation to endogenous oxalate production may provide new forms of treatment for urolithiasis.

scholarly journals Herbal Alternative for Kidney Stone Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 702-704
Author(s):  
Bhavisha Bhupendrabhai Patel
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
World Population ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Kidney stone disease is an increasing disorder of humans. It affects about 12% of the world population. Epidemiological data have shown that calcium oxalate is the predominant mineral in a majority of kidney stones. [1] It has been associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal failure. Kidney stones   result from a succession of several physicochemical events including super saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation, and retention within the kidneys. Kidney stones may cause extreme pain and blockage of urine flow .The average life time risk of stone formation has been reported in the range of 5-10 %.Recurrent stone formation is a common part of the medical care of patients with stone disease.[2] Kidney stone disease is usually treated with medications that may cause a number of side-effects. Even improved and besides the high cost that imposes, compelling data now suggest that exposure to shock waves in therapeutic doses may cause acute renal injury, decrease in renal function and an increase in stone recurrence. Data from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials reveal that phytotherapeutic agents could be useful as either an alternative therapy in the management of urolithiasis. The present review therefore critically explains the potential usefulness of herbal medicines in the management of urolithiasis. Keywords:  Kidney stones, Calcium oxalate, Herbal plant extracts, Alternative medicine

A Molecular Approach to Immunoscintigraphy: A Study of the T-Antigen Conformation on the Surface of Tumors

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvaraj ◽  
M. R. Suresh ◽  
G. McLean ◽  
D. Willans ◽  
C. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Human Carcinomas ◽  
Animal Tumor ◽  
Synthetic Antigens

The role of glycoconjugates in tumor cell differentiation has been well documented. We have examined the expression of the two anomers of the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen on the surface of human, canine and murine tumor cell membranes both in vitro and in vivo. This has been accomplished through the synthesis of the disaccharide terminal residues in both a and ß configuration. Both entities were used to generate murine monoclonal antibodies which recognized the carbohydrate determinants. The determination of fine specificities of these antibodies was effected by means of cellular uptake, immunohistopathology and immunoscintigraphy. Examination of pathological specimens of human and canine tumor tissue indicated that the expressed antigen was in the β configuration. More than 89% of all human carcinomas tested expressed the antigen in the above anomeric form. The combination of synthetic antigens and monoclonal antibodies raised specifically against them provide us with invaluable tools for the study of tumor marker expression in humans and their respective animal tumor models.

Storage of Human Blood Platelets

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R Hardeman ◽  
Carina J L. Heynens
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Serotonin Uptake ◽  
Hypotonic Shock ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates

SummaryStorage experiments were performed at 4°, 25° and 37° C with platelet-rich plasma under sterile conditions. In some experiments also the effect of storing platelets at 4° C in whole blood was investigated.Before, during and after three days of storage, the platelets were tested at 37° C for their serotonin uptake and response to hypotonic shock. In addition some glycolytic intermediates were determined.A fair correlation was noticed between the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock experiments. Both parameters were best maintained at 25° C. Also platelet counting, performed after the storage period, indicated 25° C as the best storage temperature. Determination of glycolytic intermediates did not justify any conclusion regarding the optimal storage temperature. Of the various anticoagulants studied, ACD and heparin gave the best results as to the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock response, either with fresh or stored platelets. The use of EDTA resulted in the lowest activity, especially after storage.The results of these storage experiments in vitro, correspond well with those in vivo reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Effect of antibiotic treatment on Oxalobacter formigenes colonization of the gut microbiome and urinary oxalate excretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lama Nazzal ◽  
Fritz Francois ◽  
Nora Henderson ◽  
Menghan Liu ◽  
Huilin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
Urine Electrolytes ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Urinary Oxalate Excretion

AbstractThe incidence of kidney stones is increasing in the US population. Oxalate, a major factor for stone formation, is degraded by gut bacteria reducing its intestinal absorption. Intestinal O. formigenes colonization has been associated with a lower risk for recurrent kidney stones in humans. In the current study, we used a clinical trial of the eradication of Helicobacter pylori to assess the effects of an antibiotic course on O. formigenes colonization, urine electrolytes, and the composition of the intestinal microbiome. Of 69 healthy adult subjects recruited, 19 received antibiotics for H. pylori eradication, while 46 were followed as controls. Serial fecal samples were examined for O. formigenes presence and microbiota characteristics. Urine, collected serially fasting and following a standard meal, was tested for oxalate and electrolyte concentrations. O. formigenes prevalence was 50%. Colonization was significantly and persistently suppressed in antibiotic-exposed subjects but remained stable in controls. Urinary pH increased after antibiotics, but urinary oxalate did not differ between the control and treatment groups. In subjects not on antibiotics, the O. formigenes-positive samples had higher alpha-diversity and significantly differed in Beta-diversity from the O. formigenes-negative samples. Specific taxa varied in abundance in relation to urinary oxalate levels. These studies identified significant antibiotic effects on O. formigenes colonization and urinary electrolytes and showed that overall microbiome structure differed in subjects according to O. formigenes presence. Identifying a consortium of bacterial taxa associated with urinary oxalate may provide clues for the primary prevention of kidney stones in healthy adults.

Carbon dots derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum for intracellular determination of Fe3+ and bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Shengting Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Zheng ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Fusobacterium nucleatum has been employed for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots which could be applied for the determination of Fe3+ ions in living cells and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo with excellent biocompatibility.

Factors affecting in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. Experimental conditions and nature of oxidants determine antioxidant efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Etsuo Niki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Oxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.

Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of meropenem loaded-mesoporous silica nanoparticles against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110038
Author(s):  
Mohammad Yousef Memar ◽  
Mina Yekani ◽  
Hadi Ghanbari ◽  
Edris Nabizadeh ◽  
Sepideh Zununi Vahed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Toxicity In Vitro ◽  
Different Levels

The aims of the present study were the determination of antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of meropenem-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) on carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa) and cytotoxicity properties in vitro. The meropenem-loaded MSNs had shown antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activities on all isolates at different levels lower than MICs and BICs of meropenem. The viability of HC-04 cells treated with serial concentrations as MICs and BICs of meropenem-loaded MSNs was 92–100%. According to the obtained results, meropenem-loaded MSNs display the significant antibacterial and antibiofilm effects against carbapenem resistant and biofilm forming P. aeruginosa and low cell toxicity in vitro. Then, the prepared system can be an appropriate option for the delivery of carbapenem for further evaluation in vivo assays.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document