scholarly journals Spatially restricted occurrence and low abundance as key tools for conservation of critically endangered large antelope in West African savannah

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallé Gueye ◽  
Karolína Brandlová ◽  
Thomas Rabeil ◽  
Maniang Mamadou Diop ◽  
Babacar Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Size Estimate ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Large Predators

AbstractThe effective conservation of mammals on the brink of extinction requires an integrated socio-ecological approach, yet the updated ecological knowledge of species remains fundamental. This study brings spatiotemporal behaviour, population structure, age-specific survival rates, and population size estimate of the Western Derby eland (WDE) in the Niokolo Koba National Park (NKNP), Senegal, investigated during dry seasons 2017 and 2018. WDE was strongly localised in the core area of NKNP (< 5%), active throughout the day with the highest peak in the hottest daytime, with a mean group size 7.6 ± SE 8.9. The adult sex ratio was female-biased and showed low annual adult male survival rates. The population consisted of high proportion of juveniles, whilst adults did not exceed 40%. The estimated population density was 0.138 WDE/km2 (± 0.0102) and estimated size 195 WDE in NKNP (CI95 from 54 to 708 individuals). Findings highlighted that the WDE population has potential to expand in the NKNP, due to an underutilized capacity. The age-specific vital rates indicate adult males as the most vulnerable; suggesting either an increase in the large predators’ population, livestock encroachment pressure, and/or poaching. Findings imply that targeted monitoring with science-based interpretation may bring forward strong conservation solutions to the protected area management decision-makers.

scholarly journals Spatially restricted occurrence and low population abundance estimates as key tools for the conservation of the critically endangered large social antelope in West African savannah

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallé Gueye ◽  
Karolína Brandlová ◽  
Thomas Rabeil ◽  
Maniang Mamadou Diop ◽  
Babacar Diop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Population Size Estimate ◽  
Abundance Estimates ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Large Predators

Abstract The effective conservation of mammals on the brink of extinction requires an integrated socio-ecological approach, yet the updated ecological knowledge of species remains fundamental. This study brings spatiotemporal behaviour, population structure, age-specific survival rates, and population size estimate of the Western Derby eland (WDE) in the Niokolo Koba National Park (NKNP), Senegal, investigated during dry seasons 2017 and 2018. WDE was strongly localised in the core area of NKNP (< 5%), the most active during the hottest periods of the day, with a mean group size 7.6 ± SE 8.9. The adult sex ratio was female-biased and showed low annual adult male survival rates. The population consisted of high proportion of juveniles, whilst adults did not exceed 40%. The estimated population density was 0.138 WDE/km2 (± 0.0102) and estimated size 195 WDE in NKNP. Findings highlighted that the WDE population has potential to expand in the NKNP, due to an underutilized capacity. The age-specific vital rates indicate adult males as the most vulnerable; suggesting either an increase in the large predators’ population, livestock encroachment pressure, and/or poaching. Findings imply that targeted monitoring with science-based interpretation may bring forward strong conservation solutions to the protected area management decision-makers.

Status of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Gilmartin ◽  
L. L. Eberhardt
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hawaiian Monk Seal ◽  
Monachus Schauinslandi ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Unknown Factor ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio

Restoration of the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) population to its former abundance poses a number of problems in managing a complex system. Sharp differences in history and current trend exist among the six major pupping sites. A severely unbalanced adult sex ratio has resulted in deaths from "mobbing" of estrus females at two sites. Some unknown factor apparently severely reduced the numbers of females at three of the sites and thus produced the observed excess of males. Sex ratios subsequently decreased, but losses of adult females continue at two sites. A simple model indicates that sex ratios at the two sites where mobbing is a problem would require more than 10 years to approach an equilibrium value. Data on trends from counts are compared with estimates from reproduction and survival rates and agree closely except at one site (Kure Atoll), where introductions of young females have been made.

scholarly journals Researchers Working With City Administrations: Reflecting on Transdisciplinary Collaboration Under Conditions of Shared Goals but Different Constraints

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Home ◽  
Nicole Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Working Relationships ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Mutual Awareness ◽  
Translational Ecology ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Transdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Institutional Boundaries

Abstract Academics and city administrations generally agree that environmental management decisions should be science based, which suggests the value of collaboration between city officials and researchers. Such collaboration, termed “ecology with cities”, is an example of translational ecology that should integrate ecological and social sciences to inform decision-makers. However, there has been insufficient reflection on whether ecology with cities achieves the expected development of practical social-ecological knowledge for the common good. We addressed this gap by asking city officials and researchers, in Switzerland and with whom we have collaborated in the past, about their motivations for, and experiences with, transdisciplinary collaboration. The respondents reported largely overlapping goals and an awareness of the mutual benefits of accessing the skills and resources of the other group. However, the reflections also unearthed latent tensions related to insufficient mutual awareness of institutional boundaries and limitations. We conclude that researchers should try to include collaboration partners who have experience in translational ecology practice and should establish learning processes early in a collaboration. Building good working relationships with city administrations and establishing such processes would facilitate the creation of realistic mutual expectations in which institutional limitations are considered so that common goals of maintaining or improving the ecological quality of cities can be amicably reached.

scholarly journals Two newly observed cases of fish-eating in anubis baboons

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Matsumoto-Oda ◽  
Anthony D. Collins
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Papio Anubis ◽  
Gombe National Park ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Anubis Baboons

Most non-human primates are omnivorous and eat a wide variety of food types like as fruit, leaves, seeds, insects, gums or a mixture of these items. In spite of frequent eating of fish in human, there are few species to eat fishes in non-human primates. Observations of fish-eating in wild primates bring us an important cue for the question why humans have evolved appetite for fish. Here we report two new fish-eating cases observed in anubis baboons (Papio anubis) at the Mpala Research Centre, Kenya and the Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Both cases were observed in dry seasons, and two adult males and a young female ate recently dead or dying fishes in each case. In these two cases, the opportunity of fish-eating occurred by chance and it will be difficult for them to eat fishes ordinarily.

Effects of adults on survival and recruitment of Peromyscus leucopus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2519-2523
Author(s):  
Gregory H. Adler ◽  
Mark L. Wilson ◽  
Michael J. DeRosa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Peromyscus Leucopus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Control Grid ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
And Control

A population of Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mouse) in northeastern Massachusetts was manipulated for 3 years to determine the effects of adults on survival and recruitment. Two experimental grids were established, from which either all adult males or all adult females were removed continually. The effects of these two manipulations were compared with demography on a control grid. Manipulations had no apparent effect on breeding intensity of young, survival rates of adults, or residency rates of adults and young. Recruitment of adult males was higher on the adult male removal grid than on the control grid. Recruitment rates of adult males and of young males and young females were lower on the adult female removal grid than on the control grid. Survival rates of young males were higher on the adult female removal grid than on the control grid; this effect may have been due to either reduced adult female residency or adult male recruitment. All differences between experimental and control grids were noted only during breeding seasons. Adult males apparently limited recruitment of adult consexuals. The effects of manipulations on other measured parameters were inconclusive because of high immigration rates of adult males onto the adult male removal grid and reduced recruitment of adult males and decreased production of young on the adult female removal grid.

Impacts of recolonizing gray wolves (Canis lupus) on survival and mortality in two sympatric ungulates

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 760-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Dellinger ◽  
C.R. Shores ◽  
M. Marsh ◽  
M.R. Heithaus ◽  
W.J. Ripple ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Large Predators

There is growing recognition that humans may mediate the strength and nature of the ecological effects of large predators. We took advantage of ongoing gray wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) recolonization in Washington, USA, to contrast adult survival rates and sources of mortality for mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque, 1817)) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann, 1780)) in areas with and without wolf packs in a managed landscape dominated by multiple human uses. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of wolves to the existing predator guild would augment predator-induced mortality rates for both ungulates. Source of mortality data from adult mule deer and white-tailed deer, respectively, revealed that wolf-related mortality was low compared with that inflicted by other predators or humans. Predator-caused mortality was largely confined to winter. There was little effect of wolf presence on adult deer mortality rates, and there was no difference in mortality between the two deer species relative to wolf-free or wolf-occupied sites. Although this study occurred early in wolf recovery in Washington, our results differ from those demonstrated for gray wolves in protected areas. Thus, we encourage further investigation of effects of direct predation by recolonizing large carnivores on prey in human-dominated landscapes.

Contribution of adult sex ratio to trauma and reproductive output in large breeding groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-492
Author(s):  
J Crast ◽  
MA Bloomsmith ◽  
CM Remillard ◽  
T Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primate Research ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Financial Burdens

Maintaining stable breeding groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) can be challenging due to the complex social dynamics and despotic nature of the species. Trauma from aggression is a common problem in rhesus colonies and can cause social disruption, strain veterinary and animal management resources, and potentially affect reproduction. Previous research has shown that increasing the number of non-natal adult males in a breeding group can improve group stability, reduce trauma, and increase reproduction. Here, we used mixed-effects regression models to examine the effects of sex ratio and other factors on trauma and reproduction at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center using a historical dataset made up of four large rhesus groups over an eleven-year period (2003–2013). As expected, sex ratio was a significant predictor for both trauma and reproduction. However, group age since formation was a stronger predictor of trauma frequency and the amount of space available was a slightly better predictor of reproduction than sex ratio or trauma. These results indicate that improving sex ratios can be a viable management strategy to reduce trauma and improve reproduction, particularly when it is difficult to manipulate the group compositions and/or their housing situations. Reducing trauma is a primary goal for rhesus breeding colonies, as it directly impacts the monkeys' health and psychological well-being. Such improvements are necessary for the ethical treatment and care of the animals themselves, but also to reduce financial burdens and maintain a healthy colony for research purposes.

scholarly journals Combining Decision Support Approaches for Optimizing the Selection of Bundles of Ecosystem Services

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marto ◽  
Keith Reynolds ◽  
José Borges ◽  
Vladimir Bushenkov ◽  
Susete Marques
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Pareto Frontier ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Spatial Logic ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
Selection Of

This study examines the potential of combining decision support approaches to identify optimal bundles of ecosystem services in a framework characterized by multiple decision-makers. A forested landscape, Zona de Intervenção Florestal of Paiva and Entre-Douro and Sousa (ZIF_VS) in Portugal, is used to test and demonstrate this potential. The landscape extends over 14,388 ha, representing 1976 stands. The property is fragmented into 376 holdings. The overall analysis was performed in three steps. First, we selected six alternative solutions (A to F) in a Pareto frontier generated by a multiple-criteria method within a web-based decision support system (SADfLOR) for subsequent analysis. Next, an aspatial strategic multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) was performed with the Criterium DecisionPlus (CDP) component of the Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system to assess the aggregate performance of solutions A to F for the entire forested landscape with respect to their utility for delivery of ecosystem services. For the CDP analysis, SADfLOR data inputs were grouped into two sets of primary criteria: Wood Harvested and Other Ecosystem Services. Finally, a spatial logic-based assessment of solutions A to F for individual stands of the study area was performed with the NetWeaver component of EMDS. The NetWeaver model was structurally and computationally equivalent to the CDP model, but the key NetWeaver metric is a measure of the strength of evidence that solutions for specific stands were optimal for the unit. We conclude with a discussion of how the combination of decision support approaches encapsulated in the two systems could be further automated in order to rank several efficient solutions in a Pareto frontier and generate a consensual solution.

Simulation Study about Impact of Building Density on Heat Island Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Luo ◽  
Jian Ge ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Building Density ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Along with the rapid development of urbanization, high density city is becoming more and more common. The dense buildings cause the high intensity of heat island effect, resulting in a large amount of energy consumption. In this research the relationship between the heat island effect and the building density has been studied by CFD software with other factors such as the building height and construction shape unchanged. Through a series of simulation and data analysis it is revealed that the effect of building density on the thermal conductivity is obvious. And the study put forward the measure to alleviate the effects of the thermal conductivity by controlling building density in a certain percentage under the premise of maintaining the land use efficiency. This result can provide scientific references for planners, architects, and government management decision makers.

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