scholarly journals Nrf2 contributes to the weight gain of mice during space travel

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Suzuki ◽  
Akira Uruno ◽  
Akane Yumoto ◽  
Keiko Taguchi ◽  
Mikiko Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Induced Stresses

AbstractSpace flight produces an extreme environment with unique stressors, but little is known about how our body responds to these stresses. While there are many intractable limitations for in-flight space research, some can be overcome by utilizing gene knockout-disease model mice. Here, we report how deletion of Nrf2, a master regulator of stress defense pathways, affects the health of mice transported for a stay in the International Space Station (ISS). After 31 days in the ISS, all flight mice returned safely to Earth. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the stresses of space travel evoked ageing-like changes of plasma metabolites and activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Especially, Nrf2 was found to be important for maintaining homeostasis of white adipose tissues. This study opens approaches for future space research utilizing murine gene knockout-disease models, and provides insights into mitigating space-induced stresses that limit the further exploration of space by humans.

The International Space Station

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
Chris Nie
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Moon ◽  
New Era ◽  
International Space ◽  
Space Race ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Technical Details

A new era of spaceflight dawned following the conclusion of the United States and Russian space race. This new era has been marked by the design, assembly, and operation of one of the greatest engineering feats mankind has accomplished, the International Space Station (ISS). The ISS is comprised of hundreds of thousands of kilograms of material built on the ground and transported to space for assembly. It houses an artificial atmosphere to sustain life in outer space and has been continually inhabited for over 15 years. This chapter describes the technical complexity of the ISS, the background of how it was assembled, its major systems, details of crew life onboard, commercial usage of the resource, and examples of mishaps that have occurred during the ISS's operation. The technical details of the ISS provide a glimpse into what future space stations that might orbit the Moon and Mars will resemble.

scholarly journals Report on the World Space Congress

1993 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 435-437
Author(s):  
Dennis D. Mccarthy
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Lunar Observations ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Observational Techniques ◽  
International Astronautical

The World Space Congress comprised of the 43rd Congress of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) and the 29th Plenary Meeting of the Committee of Space Research (COSPAR) was held in Washington, DC from 27 August to 4 September, 1992. Over 3000 people participated in the meetings where scientific papers were presented on such diverse topics as space travel, biological aspects of space travel, relativity, planetary atmospheres, space debris, space law, global change, launch vehicles, space station, space communication, navigation, Earth rotation, astrometry, satellite geodesy, use of lunar observations, and new observational techniques. Presentations dealing with the topics of this symposium are discussed, but complete reports will be forthcoming in the proceedings of the Congress.

Making media work in space: an interdisciplinary perspective on media and communication requirements for current and future space communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Babidge ◽  
J. Cokley ◽  
F. Gordon ◽  
E. Louw
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Future Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Group Attributes

As humans expand into space communities will form. These have already begun to form in small ways, such as long-duration missions on the International Space Station and the space shuttle, and small-scale tourist excursions into space. Social, behavioural and communications data emerging from such existing communities in space suggest that the physically-bounded, work-oriented and traditionally male-dominated nature of these extremely remote groups present specific problems for the resident astronauts, groups of them viewed as ‘communities’, and their associated groups who remain on Earth, including mission controllers, management and astronauts’ families. Notionally feminine group attributes such as adaptive competence, social adaptation skills and social sensitivity will be crucial to the viability of space communities and in the absence of gender equity, ‘staying in touch’ by means of ‘news from home’ becomes more important than ever. A template of news and media forms and technologies is suggested to service those needs and enhance the social viability of future terraforming activities.

Introductory remarks

1971 ◽  
Vol 179 (1056) ◽  
pp. 173-175
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Space Research ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Science Research Council

Under the auspices of the National Committee on Space Research, an ad hoc group on Biological Experiments was set up in 1964 and established as a sub-committee in 1966. It was given reasonable and unambiguous instructions—to consider the scientific problems that were likely to arise in 10 or more years time and not to concern itself with detailed aspects of research however relevant these might be to the flights made now by the U. S. A. and U. S. S .R. The search for alien life is the aspect of space research that interests biologists most. Various claims have been made for the appearance of life-like structures in protected environments on Earth. It seemed to the sub-committee that these deserved methodical examination lest structures found on a planet should be mistakenly accepted as biological when they could more simply have been made and studied in non-living systems here. Our opinion was not shared by the Science Research Council and the subject still awaits proper investigation. Besides the morphological approach to the search for alien life, there are proposals for a biochemical approach. The sub-committee therefore organized a symposium on ‘Anomalous aspects of biochemistry of possible significance in discussing the origins and distribution of life’ ( Proc. R. Soc. Lond . B 171, 1-89, 1968). This was designed to call attention to some of the odder biochemical activities that, in a radically different environment, might have become dominant. At an early stage in its discussions, the sub-committee agreed that the recycling of human excretions and exhalations in a space station would be a theme for research that would soon begin to have practical applications and that would retain its interest for an indefinite period thereafter. It is possible that the miniaturization of nuclear energy sources will make purely chemical methods feasible anywhere. In the neighbourhood of the sun, improved photocells may also produce the energy needed for chemical recycling, but it seemed to us that, in that region, biological methods based on photosynthesis could be more efficient and convenient. Application was made to the Science Research Council for support for several long-range research projects relevant to photosynthetic recycling. These projects had also an intrinsic purely scientific interest. Hitherto, photosynthesis has not been studied in conditions diverging greatly from those that are normal on Earth. There are no ‘normal’ conditions in a space station : performance in a more extensive range of conditions would therefore be worth study. This aspect of the proposed research is comparable to what is usually done in enzymology. Research is not there limited to the physiological range of pH, temperature, and enzyme and substrate concentration. A similarly broad-minded approach to photosynthesis and plant growth should produce interesting results.

The International Space Station: an Extreme Environment for Key Host-Microbe Discoveries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
C. Mark Ott ◽  
Thomas Marshburn ◽  
Cheryl A. Nickerson
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
International Space

Utilization of the International Space Station for education and popularization of space research

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Mayorova ◽  
S.N. Samburov ◽  
O.V. Zhdanovich ◽  
V.A. Strashinsky
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Research ◽  
International Space

Space Research in the Era of the Space Station

Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 226 (4681) ◽  
pp. 1381-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Frost ◽  
F. B. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Space Research

scholarly journals Spaceflight Induced Disorders: Potential Nutritional Countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Costa ◽  
Francesco Saverio Ambesi-Impiombato ◽  
Tommaso Beccari ◽  
Carmela Conte ◽  
Samuela Cataldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Space Travel ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Almost All

Space travel is an extreme experience even for the astronaut who has received extensive basic training in various fields, from aeronautics to engineering, from medicine to physics and biology. Microgravity puts a strain on members of space crews, both physically and mentally: short-term or long-term travel in orbit the International Space Station may have serious repercussions on the human body, which may undergo physiological changes affecting almost all organs and systems, particularly at the muscular, cardiovascular and bone compartments. This review aims to highlight recent studies describing damages of human body induced by the space environment for microgravity, and radiation. All novel conditions, to ally unknown to the Darwinian selection strategies on Earth, to which we should add the psychological stress that astronauts suffer due to the inevitable forced cohabitation in claustrophobic environments, the deprivation from their affections and the need to adapt to a new lifestyle with molecular changes due to the confinement. In this context, significant nutritional deficiencies with consequent molecular mechanism changes in the cells that induce to the onset of physiological and cognitive impairment have been considered.

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