Nondestructive microwave detection of a coherent quantum dynamics in cold atoms

AbstractCold atom quantum sensors based on atom interferometry are among the most accurate instruments used in fundamental physics, metrology, and foreseen for autonomous inertial navigation. However, they typically have optically complex, cumbersome, and low-bandwidth atom detection systems, limiting their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate an enabling technology for high-bandwidth, compact, and nondestructive detection of cold atoms, using microwave radiation. We measure the reflected microwave signal to coherently and distinctly detect the population of single quantum states with a bandwidth close to 30 kHz and a design destructivity that we set to 0.04%. We use a horn antenna and free-falling molasses cooled atoms in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in conventional cold atom interferometers. This technology, combined with coplanar waveguides used as microwave sources, provides a basic design building block for detection in future atom chip-based compact quantum inertial sensors.

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A dielectric metasurface optical chip for the generation of cold atoms

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abb6667 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (31) ◽

pp. eabb6667

Author(s):

Lingxiao Zhu ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Basudeb Sain ◽

Mengyao Wang ◽

Christian Schlickriede ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Atoms ◽

Cold Atom ◽

Atomic Ensemble ◽

Optical Elements ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Multiple Beams ◽

Quantum Sensing ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

Quantum Science

Compact and robust cold atom sources are increasingly important for quantum research, especially for transferring cutting-edge quantum science into practical applications. In this study, we report on a novel scheme that uses a metasurface optical chip to replace the conventional bulky optical elements used to produce a cold atomic ensemble with a single incident laser beam, which is split by the metasurface into multiple beams of the desired polarization states. Atom numbers ~107 and temperatures (about 35 μK) of relevance to quantum sensing are achieved in a compact and robust fashion. Our work highlights the substantial progress toward fully integrated cold atom quantum devices by exploiting metasurface optical chips, which may have great potential in quantum sensing, quantum computing, and other areas.

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Gravity-Sensitive Quantum Dynamics in Cold Atoms

Physical Review Letters ◽

10.1103/physrevlett.93.164101 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 93 (16) ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Z.-Y. Ma ◽

M. B. d’Arcy ◽

S. A. Gardiner

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dynamics ◽

Cold Atoms

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Cold atom interferometry for inertial sensing in the field

Advanced Optical Technologies ◽

10.1515/aot-2020-0026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 221-225

Author(s):

Ravi Kumar ◽

Ana Rakonjac

Keyword(s):

High Precision ◽

Cold Atoms ◽

Cold Atom ◽

Atom Interferometry ◽

Precision Measurements ◽

Inertial Sensing ◽

Fundamental Physics ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Resource Exploration ◽

Atom Interferometers

AbstractAtom interferometry is one of the most promising technologies for high precision measurements. It has the potential to revolutionise many different sectors, such as navigation and positioning, resource exploration, geophysical studies, and fundamental physics. After decades of research in the field of cold atoms, the technology has reached a stage where commercialisation of cold atom interferometers has become possible. This article describes recent developments, challenges, and prospects for quantum sensors for inertial sensing based on cold atom interferometry techniques.

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Equivalence of Dissipative and Dissipationless Dynamics of Interacting Quantum Systems With Its Application to the Unitary Fermi Gas

Frontiers in Physics ◽

10.3389/fphy.2021.730761 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Masaaki Tokieda ◽

Shimpei Endo

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dynamics ◽

Cold Atoms ◽

Fermi Gas ◽

Quantum Systems ◽

Harmonic Potential ◽

Particle Interactions ◽

Dissipative Dynamics ◽

Strongly Interacting ◽

Unitary Fermi Gas

We analytically study quantum dissipative dynamics described by the Caldirola-Kanai model with inter-particle interactions. We have found that the dissipative quantum dynamics of the Caldirola-Kanai model can be exactly mapped to a dissipationless quantum dynamics under a negative external harmonic potential, even when the particles are strongly interacting. In particular, we show that the mapping is valid for the unitary Fermi gas, which is relevant for cold atoms and nuclear matters.

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Opto-Mechanical Inertial Sensors (OMIS) for High Temporal Resolution Gravimetry

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-22614 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lee Kumanchik ◽

Felipe Guzman ◽

Claus Braxmaier

Keyword(s):

High Frequency ◽

High Stability ◽

Vibration Isolation ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

Response Times ◽

Free Spectral Range ◽

Optical Cavity ◽

Fused Silica ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Free Falling

Gravity field measurement by free-falling atoms has the potential for very high stability over time as the measurement exposes a direct, fundamental relationship between mass and acceleration. However, the measurement rate of the current state-of-the-art limits the performance at short timescales (greater than 1 Hz). Classical inertial sensors operate at much faster response times and are thus natural companions for free-falling atom sensors. Such a hybrid device would gain the ultra-high stability of the free-falling atom sensor while greatly extending the bandwidth to higher frequency using the classical sensor. This requires the stable bandwidth of both devices to overlap sufficiently. We have developed opto-mechanical inertial sensors (OMIS) with good long term stability for just this purpose. The sensors are made of highly stable fused silica material, feature a monolithic optical cavity for displacement readout, and utilize a laser diode stabilized to a molecular reference. With no temperature control and only the thermal shielding provided by the vacuum chamber, this device is stable down to 0.1 Hz which overlaps with the bandwidth of free-falling atom sensors. The OMIS are self-calibrating by converting the fundamental resonances of a molecular gas into length using the free-spectral range of the optical cavity,&#160; FSR = c/2nL,&#160; and then sampling the OMIS mechanical damping rate and resonance frequency using a nearby piezo. This acceleration calibration is potentially transferable to a companion free-falling atom sensor. Readout is performed by modulating the cavity length of the OMIS with one cavity mirror being the OMIS itself and the other being a high frequency resonator. The high frequency resonator is driven by a nearby piezo well above the response rate of the OMIS and acts like an ultrastable quartz clock. The resulting highly stable tone is demodulated by the readout electronics. For the low finesse optical cavity used here, this yields a displacement resolution of 2x10-13 m/&#8730;Hz and a high frequency acceleration resolution of 400 ng /&#8730;Hz. At 0.1 Hz the acceleration resolution is 1.5 &#956;g /&#8730;Hz limited by the stability of our vibration isolation stage. The OMIS dimensions are about 30 mm x 30 mm x 5 mm and can be fiber coupled to enable co-location with other sensors or as standalone devices for future gravimetry both on Earth and in space

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End-to-End Sequential Indoor Localization Using Smartphone Inertial Sensors and WiFi

10.36227/techrxiv.17109275 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mukhamet Nurpeiissov ◽

Askat Kuzdeuov ◽

Aslan Assylkhanov, ◽

Yerbolat Khassanov ◽

Hüseyin Atakan Varol

Keyword(s):

Indoor Localization ◽

Inertial Sensors ◽

Sampling Rate ◽

Reference Points ◽

Measurement Unit ◽

Localization System ◽

Practical Applications ◽

External Data ◽

End To End ◽

Commercial Off The Shelf

This paper addresses sequential indoor localization using WiFi and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) modules commonly found in commercial off-the-shelf smartphones. Specifically, we developed an end-to-end neural network-based localization system integrating WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and IMU data without external data fusion models. The developed system leverages the advantages of WiFi and IMU modules to locate finer-level sequential positions of a user at 150 Hz sampling rate. Additionally, to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach, we created the IMUWiFine dataset comprising IMU and WiFi RSSI readings sequentially collected at fine-level reference points. The dataset contains 120 trajectories covering an aggregate distance of over 14 kilometers. We conducted extensive experiments using deep learning models and achieved a mean error distance of 1.1 meters on an unseen evaluation set, which makes our approach suitable for many practical applications requiring meter-level accuracy. To enable experiment and result reproducibility, we made the developed localization system and IMUWiFine dataset publicly available in our GitHub repository.

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Asynchronous electric field visualization using an integrated multichannel electro-optic probe

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73538-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shintaro Hisatake ◽

Junpei Kamada ◽

Yuya Asano ◽

Hirohisa Uchida ◽

Makoto Tojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Near Field ◽

Horn Antenna ◽

Optimal Placement ◽

Radar Signal ◽

Radiation Patterns ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Fmcw Radar ◽

Realistic Situation ◽

Reference Probe

Abstract The higher the frequency, the more complex the scattering, diffraction, multiple reflection, and interference that occur in practical applications such as radar-installed vehicles and transmitter-installed mobile modules, etc. Near-field measurement in “real situations” is important for not only investigating the origin of unpredictable field distortions but also maximizing the system performance by optimal placement of antennas, modules, etc. Here, as an alternative to the previous vector-network-analyzer-based measurement, we propose a new asynchronous approach that visualizes the amplitude and phase distributions of electric near-fields three-dimensionally without placing a reference probe at a fixed point or plugging a cable to the RF source to be measured. We demonstrate the visualization of a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal (24 GHz ± 40 MHz, modulation cycle: 2.5 ms), and show that the measured radiation patterns of a standard horn antenna agree well with the simulation results. We also demonstrate a proof-of-concept experiment that imitates a realistic situation of a bumper installed vehicle to show how the bumper alters the radiation patterns of the FMCW radar signal. The technique is based on photonics and enables measuring in the microwave to millimeter-wave range.

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A large-scale cold atom source in an integrating sphere

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984914501164 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (14) ◽

pp. 1450116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ben-Chang Zheng ◽

Hua-Dong Cheng ◽

Yan-Ling Meng ◽

Peng Liu ◽

Xiu-Mei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Cold Atoms ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Atomic Clock ◽

Cold Atom ◽

Integrating Sphere ◽

Cooling Power ◽

Atom Number ◽

Atom Source ◽

Good Signal

An integrating sphere with a diameter of 10 cm is developed for cooling atoms. The maximum number of 2 × 1010 cold atoms is obtained from a background vapor with 220 mW cooling laser power. The cold atom number can be increased by further increasing the cooling power. Such cold atom source would have potential use for Raman–Ramsey atomic clock with good signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

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Optical atomic phase reference and timing

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2016.0241 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 375 (2099) ◽

pp. 20160241 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Hollberg ◽

E. H. Cornell ◽

A. Abdelrahmann

Keyword(s):

Special Relativity ◽

Real World ◽

High Performance ◽

Cold Atoms ◽

Cold Atom ◽

New Physics ◽

Atomic Clocks ◽

Commercial World ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Quantum Technology

Atomic clocks based on laser-cooled atoms have made tremendous advances in both accuracy and stability. However, advanced clocks have not found their way into widespread use because there has been little need for such high performance in real-world/commercial applications. The drive in the commercial world favours smaller, lower-power, more robust compact atomic clocks that function well in real-world non-laboratory environments. Although the high-performance atomic frequency references are useful to test Einstein's special relativity more precisely, there are not compelling scientific arguments to expect a breakdown in special relativity. On the other hand, the dynamics of gravity, evidenced by the recent spectacular results in experimental detection of gravity waves by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration, shows dramatically that there is new physics to be seen and understood in space–time science. Those systems require strain measurements at less than or equal to 10 −20 . As we discuss here, cold atom optical frequency references are still many orders of magnitude away from the frequency stability that should be achievable with narrow-linewidth quantum transitions and large numbers of very cold atoms, and they may be able to achieve levels of phase stability, Δ Φ / Φ total ≤ 10 −20 , that could make an important impact in gravity wave science. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.

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INDUCED EMISSION OF COLD ATOMS PASSING THROUGH A MICROMASER CAVITY: SPATIAL DEPENDENCE

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984902003580 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (04) ◽

pp. 117-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MAHMOUD ABDEL-ATY ◽

ABDEL-SHAFY F. OBADA

Keyword(s):

Cold Atoms ◽

Center Of Mass ◽

Cold Atom ◽

Mass Motion ◽

Initial State ◽

Reflection And Transmission ◽

Field System ◽

Cavity Profile ◽

The One ◽

Atomic Populations

The emission probability of a cold atom in a microcavity when its center-of-mass motion is described quantum mechanically is presented, but is distinguished from other treatments by the inclusion of the spatial variation along the cavity axis. In particular, the mesa mode cavity profile is considered. The quantum theory of the one-photon mazer is constructed in the framework of the dressed-state coordinate formalism. Simple expressions for the atomic populations, the cavity photon statistics, and the reflection and transmission probabilities are given for any initial state of the atom-field system. The general conclusions reached are illustrated by numerical results.

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