scholarly journals Effects of diabetes on nitric oxide synthase and growth factor genes and protein expression in an animal model

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
AI El-Sakka ◽  
C-S Lin ◽  
RM Chui ◽  
R Dahiya ◽  
TF Lue
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Growth Factor Genes ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Spatiotemporal expression profile of proteases and immunological, angiogenic, hormonal and apoptotic mediators in rat placenta before and during intrauterine trophoblast migration

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juneo F. Silva ◽  
Natália M. Ocarino ◽  
Rogéria Serakides
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Trophoblast Migration

The gene and/or protein expression of proteases and immunological, angiogenic, hormonal and apoptotic mediators was evaluated in rat placenta before and during intrauterine trophoblast migration. The depth of interstitial and endovascular intrauterine trophoblast invasion and the immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1), interferon (IFN)-γ, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; also known as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 2) were evaluated. In addition, the expression of the Vegf, Flk1, placental growth factor (Pigf), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1), placental lactogen 1 (Pl1), proliferin-related protein (rPlf), placental leptin (Lep), Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2), Toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4), Infg, Mif, tumour necrosis factor-α (Tnf), interleukin-10 (Il10), Nos2, caspase 3 (Casp3), Bax, Bcl2, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (Mmp2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) genes was determined by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. At 10 days gestation, gene expression of Tlr2, Tlr4, Tnf, Infg, Il10, Casp3, Pigf, sFlt1 and Lep (P < 0.05) were higher than at 14 and/or 19 days of gestation. The beginning of intrauterine trophoblast invasion, i.e., at 14 days of gestation, coincided with higher gene and/or protein expression of MMP9, VEGF, Flk1, NOS2, MIF, BAX and rPlf compared to days 10 and 19 (P < 0.05). In contrast, gene expression of Mmp2 and Pl1 was higher at the end of trophoblast invasion compared to 10 and 14 days of gestation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, before intrauterine trophoblast migration, expression of TLRs and immunological and pro-apoptotic mediators is higher, whereas the beginning of trophoblast migration is characterised by higher expression of the pro-angiogenic factors NOS2 and MMP9. In contrast, MMP2 and PL1 expression is higher at the end of intrauterine trophoblast migration.

Nitric oxide synthase and arginase expression changes in the rat perirhinal and entorhinal cortices following unilateral vestibular damage: A link to deficits in object recognition?

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Catherine M. Gliddon ◽  
Libby Lindsay ◽  
Cynthia L. Darlington ◽  
Paul F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Object Recognition ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Arginase Ii ◽  
Neurochemical Changes ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Vestibular Damage

Previous studies have shown that peripheral vestibular damage causes long-term neurochemical changes in the hippocampus which may be related to spatial memory deficits. Since recent studies have also demonstrated deficits in non-spatial object recognition memory following vestibular lesions, the aim of the present study was to extend these investigations into the perirhinal cortex (PRC), which is known to be important for object recognition, and the related entorhinal cortex (EC). We examined the effects of unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) on the expression of four enzymes associated with neuronal plasticity, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), arginase I and arginase II (AI and II), in the rat EC and PRC using Western blotting. Tissue was collected at 10 hs, 50 hs and 2 weeks post-UVD. In the EC and PRC, nNOS protein expression decreased on the contralateral side at 2 weeks post-UVD but not before. At the same time, eNOS protein expression increased in both regions on the contralateral side. In the EC, AII protein expression increased on the ipsilateral side at 2 weeks post-UVD. In the PRC, AI increased and decreased on the contralateral and ipsilateral sides (respectively) at 2 weeks post-UVD. AII showed a bilateral increase in the PRC at 2 weeks post-UVD. These results demonstrate changes in NOS and arginase protein expression in the PRC and EC following UVD, which are unlikely to be due to the initial severity of the vestibular syndrome because they develop well after vestibular compensation has taken place. Neurochemical changes in these regions of the medial temporal lobe may be implicated in the development of object recognition deficits that contribute to cognitive dysfunction following peripheral vestibular damage.

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