Exactly which synephrine alkaloids does Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) contain?

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
D B Allison ◽  
G Cutter ◽  
E T Poehlman ◽  
D R Moore ◽  
S Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Bitter Orange

Mass Spectrometric Determination of the Predominant Adrenergic Protoalkaloids in Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (24) ◽  
pp. 9769-9775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryant C. Nelson ◽  
Karsten Putzbach ◽  
Katherine E. Sharpless ◽  
Lane C. Sander
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Determination

Analytical Method for Biomonitoring of PAH Using Leaves of Bitter Orange Trees (Citrus aurantium): a Case Study in South Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 227 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fasani ◽  
P. Fermo ◽  
P. J. Barroso ◽  
J. Martín ◽  
J. L. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Orange Trees

A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 358-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert R. Kaats ◽  
Howard Miller ◽  
Harry G. Preuss ◽  
Sidney J. Stohs
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Safety Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Double Blind Placebo

scholarly journals A Review of the Receptor-Binding Properties ofp-Synephrine as Related to Its Pharmacological Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stohs ◽  
Harry G. Preuss ◽  
Mohd Shara
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Binding Characteristics ◽  
Amine Neurotransmitters

Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) extract and its primary protoalkaloidp-synephrine are used widely in weight loss/weight management and sports performance products. Because of structural similarities, the pharmacological effects ofp-synephrine are widely assumed to be similar to those of ephedrine,m-synephrine (phenylephrine), and endogenous amine neurotransmitters as norepinephrine and epinephrine. However, small structural changes result in the receptor binding characteristics of these amines that are markedly different, providing a plausible explanation for the paucity of adverse effects associated with the wide-spread consumption ofp-synephrine in the form of dietary supplements as well as in variousCitrusfoods and juices. This paper summarizes the adrenoreceptor binding characteristics ofp-synephrine relative tom-synephrine, norepinephrine, and other amines as related to the observed pharmacological effects.

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity against Bemisia Tabaci Biotype B of Peel Essential Oil of Citrus sinensis var. pear and Citrus aurantium Cultivated in Northeast Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000501
Author(s):  
Nicolle de Carvalho Ribeiro ◽  
Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara ◽  
Flávia de Souza Born ◽  
Herbert Álvaro Abreu de Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Bitter Orange ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci Biotype B

The fumigant action of peel essential oils of Citrus sinensis var. pear (pear orange = PO) and C. aurantium (bitter orange = BO) from the northeast of Brazil were evaluated against Bemisia tabaci biotype B and compared with eugenol as a positive control. The oil concentration in the PO at 8.5 μL/L of air caused 97% mortality, while the oil concentration of BO at 9.5 μL/L of air caused 99% mortality. However, the LC50 estimates for both oils (LC50 = 3.80 μL/L of air for PO and LC50 = 5.80 μL/L of air for BO) did not differ from each other, but they did when compared with eugenol (LC50 = 0.20 μL/L of air). Regarding their effects on oviposition, the Citrus oils showed concentration-response dependence, reducing the number of eggs as the concentration increased, which was not observed for eugenol. The minimum concentrations of the oils that caused a significant reduction in the egg lay were 3.5 and 7.0 μL/L of air for BO and PO, respectively. These results suggest that oils from PO and BO peels may be promising as models to develop new insecticides that might be applied into the integrated management of whiteflies.

The Safety of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) and its Primary Protoalkaloid p -Synephrine

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1421-1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney J. Stohs ◽  
Harry G. Preuss ◽  
Mohd Shara
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Bitter Orange
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