Chapter 8. Effect of Fatty Acid Type in Adipose Tissue Metabolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-215
Author(s):  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Rodrigo Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Fatty Acid Type

scholarly journals Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Oller do Nascimento ◽  
Eliane B. Ribeiro ◽  
Lila M. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism

Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.

scholarly journals Metabolic characteristics of human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissueafter overnight fast

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (4) ◽  
pp. E468-E475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith N. Frayn ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue

Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue is one of the largest fat depots and contributes the major proportion of circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Little is known about aspects of human adipose tissue metabolism in vivo other than lipolysis. Here we collated data from 331 experiments in 255 healthy volunteers over a 23-year period, in which subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue metabolism was studied by measurements of arterio-venous differences after an overnight fast. NEFA and glycerol were released in a ratio of 2.7:1, different ( P < 0.001) from the value of 3.0 that would indicate no fatty acid re-esterification. Fatty acid re-esterification was 10.2 ± 1.4%. Extraction of triacylglycerol (TG) (fractional extraction 5.7 ± 0.4%) indicated intravascular lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase, and this contributed 21 ± 3% of the glycerol released. Glucose uptake (fractional extraction 2.6 ± 0.3%) was partitioned around 20–25% for provision of glycerol 3-phosphate and 30% into lactate production. There was release of lactate and pyruvate, with extraction of the ketone bodies 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, although these were small numerically compared with TG and glucose uptake. NEFA release (expressed per 100 g tissue) correlated inversely with measures of fat mass (e.g., with BMI, rs= −0.24, P < 0.001). We examined within-person variability. Systemic NEFA concentrations, NEFA release, fatty acid re-esterification, and adipose tissue blood flow were all more consistent within than between individuals. This picture of human adipose tissue metabolism in the fasted state should contribute to a greater understanding of adipose tissue physiology and pathophysiology.

scholarly journals Differences in Adipose Tissue Metabolism between Postmenopausal and Perimenopausal Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 4166-4170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Ferrara ◽  
Nicole A. Lynch ◽  
Barbara J. Nicklas ◽  
Alice S. Ryan ◽  
Dora M. Berman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Adipose Cells

Changes in adipose tissue metabolism may contribute to the changes in body fat distribution seen during the menopause transition. We compared in vitro abdominal and gluteal sc adipose tissue metabolism [basal and stimulated lipolysis and activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (AT-LPL)] in postmenopausal and perimenopausal women (n = 12/group), matched for race, body mass index (29.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2; mean ± sd), and percentage body fat (42 ± 6%). The postmenopausal women were older (54 ± 3 vs. 48 ± 3 yr; P &lt; 0.01) and had higher FSH (55.5 ± 26.4 vs. 16.6 ± 22.5 IU/ml; P &lt; 0.01) and lower estradiol (33.8 ± 14.9 vs. 97.4 ± 61.7 pmol/liter; P &lt; 0.05) concentrations than the perimenopausal women. Despite similar fat cell size and β-adrenergic receptor and postreceptor (dibutyryl-cAMP)-stimulated lipolysis, basal lipolysis was 77% lower in gluteal adipose cells from postmenopausal compared with perimenopausal women (P &lt; 0.05). Within each group, AT-LPL activity in the gluteal region was significantly higher than in the abdominal region (P &lt; 0.05). In addition, AT-LPL activity was significantly higher in the postmenopausal compared with perimenopausal women in both gluteal (4.9 ± 3.6 vs. 2.0 ± 1.4 nmol free fatty acid/g·min; P &lt; 0.05) and abdominal (3.2 ± 2.6 vs. 1.3 ± 0.9 nmol free fatty acid/g·min; P &lt; 0.05) adipose cells. The results of this study suggest that menopause status is associated with differences in adipose tissue metabolism in both the abdominal and gluteal fat depots. The lower lipolysis and higher AT-LPL activity in postmenopausal women may predispose them to gain body fat after menopause.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diets: effect on adipose tissue metabolism in rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. G. Gaíva ◽  
R. C. Couto ◽  
L. M. Oyama ◽  
G. E. C. Couto ◽  
V. L. F. Silveria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Citrate Lyase

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diets rich in n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue metabolism. Starting at weaning, male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum, for 8 weeks with one of the following diets: C, rat chow; S, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) soyabean oil; F, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) fish oil; SF, rat chow containing 15 % (w/w) soyabean and fish oil (5:1, w/w). Casein was added to the fat diets to achieve the same 20 % (w/w) protein content as in the control chow. Food intake and body weight were measured weekly. The rats were killed by decapitation and the retroperitoneal (RET) and epididymal (EPI) white adipose tissues were removed and weighed. Tissue lipid and protein content, in vivo lipogenesis rate, uptake of diet-derived lipids, in vitro lipolytic rate, adipocyte area, lipoprotein lipase, ATP citrate lyase, and malic enzyme activities were evaluated. Carcass lipid and protein contents were also measured. Energy intake was reduced while carcass lipid content was increased in the three fat-fed groups. However, carcass protein and body weight gains were elevated only with diets F and SF. Lipolysis rate was diminished by diets F and SF, while the uptake of diet-derived lipids was elevated by the diet S in both RET and EPI tissues. These metabolic alterations may have contributed to the increase in in vivo lipogenesis rate in the presence of decreased ATP citrate lyase and malic enzyme activities induced by the three lipid diets. These results indicate that enrichment of the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids causes changes in adipose tissue metabolism that favour fat deposition. Different metabolic pathways were preferentially affected by each type of fatty acid used.

scholarly journals Exercise training improves adipose tissue metabolism and vasculature regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Maria Honkala ◽  
Piryanka Motiani ◽  
Riikka Kivelä ◽  
Karthik Amudhala Hemanthakumar ◽  
Erik Tolvanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism

IntroductionWe investigated the effects of a supervised progressive sprint interval training (SIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on adipocyte morphology and adipose tissue metabolism and function; we also tested whether the responses were similar regardless of baseline glucose tolerance and sex.Research design and methods26 insulin-resistant (IR) and 28 healthy participants were randomized into 2-week-long SIT (4–6×30 s at maximum effort) and MICT (40–60 min at 60% of maximal aerobic capacity (VO2peak)). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and fasting-free fatty acid uptake in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissues (SATs) were quantified with positron emission tomography. Abdominal SAT biopsies were collected to determine adipocyte morphology, gene expression markers of lipolysis, glucose and lipid metabolism and inflammation.ResultsTraining increased glucose uptake in VAT (p<0.001) and femoral SAT (p<0.001) and decreased fatty acid uptake in VAT (p=0.01) irrespective of baseline glucose tolerance and sex. In IR participants, training increased adipose tissue vasculature and decreased CD36 and ANGPTL4 gene expression in abdominal SAT. SIT was superior in increasing VO2peak and VAT glucose uptake in the IR group, whereas MICT reduced VAT fatty acid uptake more than SIT.ConclusionsShort-term training improves adipose tissue metabolism both in healthy and IR participants independently of the sex. Adipose tissue angiogenesis and gene expression was only significantly affected in IR participants.

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