Redox catalysis in organic electrosynthesis: basic principles and recent developments

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Francke ◽  
R. Daniel Little
Keyword(s):  
Redox Catalysis ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals The Reconstruction Of Cluster Mass Profiles From Image Distortions

1996 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Peter Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Cluster Mass ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Mass Profiles

I will review the basic principles and some of the most recent developments of parameter-free reconstructions of cluster mass profiles from the distortions of background galaxy images.

An Overview and Recent Developments of Distinct Lattice Spring Model on Dynamic Fracturing of Rock

2014 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Gao Feng Zhao ◽  
Nasser Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Element Model ◽  
Discrete Element Model ◽  
Spring Model ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Lattice Spring Model ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Distinct Lattice Spring Model ◽  
Dynamic Fracturing ◽  
Dynamics Problems ◽  
Macroscopic Parameters

This paper presents some recent developments of the Distinct Lattice Spring Model (DLSM) on dynamic fracturing of rock. The DLSM is a micromechanics based discrete numerical model for rock dynamics problems. It provides an alternative tool for rock mechanics study. Compared with the classical Discrete Element Model (DEM), the DLSM can directly use macroscopic parameters without any requirement for calibration process. Another significant advantage is that the DLSM uses only half of the degree of freedoms, and therefore, is more computational efficient. Because of these advantages, it has been used in a number of fields, e.g., dynamic fracturing, wave propagation, and nuclear waste disposition. In this work, the basic principles of the DLSM and its latest developments will be outlined.

Traitement de l'air par biofiltration

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnaa Jorio ◽  
Michèle Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Expensive Process

During several decades, there have been numerous studies and attempts in the field of the treatment of volatile organic solvent contaminated air, with the aim of finding a more efficient and less expensive process. In parallel with the traditional air treatment technologies, biological processes have emerged in recent years. Biofiltration appears to be a particularly preferred path due to its efficiency, its environmental aspects, and its lower costs. In this paper, the biofiltration technology is positioned in relation to conventional techniques and other biological air treatments. Subsequently, after a short historical account of biofiltration, the focus is put on the main objective of this literature review, presenting the current knowledge about the basic principles of the process, its applicability, operational conditions that influence performance and reliability of this process, and recent developments in mathematical biofilter modeling. Finally, industrial applications and biofiltration processing costs are briefly discussed.Key words: biofilter, VOC, biodegradation, modeling, kinetics, humidity, temperature, pH, nutrients, oxygen.[Journal translation]

The Recent Developments of Molecular Dynamics Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 444-445 ◽  
pp. 1370-1373
Author(s):  
Wen Hai Gai ◽  
Ran Guo ◽  
Yuan Yuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Recent Developments

Based on the development of nanomaterials and the research on performance parameters of materials, molecular dynamics simulation has been rapid development and application. It is widely found that the material's physical, mechanical and other properties are both closely related to its macroscopic state and microstructure [. In order to explore and understand the nature of the material properties we need to analyze various impact factors including macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic. This paper describes the basic concepts and methods of molecular dynamics. The contents are comprised of time step, formulas such as Lagrange equations of motion and Hamiltonian equations of motion. The basic principles and recent developments of molecular dynamics were reviewed.

Le béton projeté : nouveaux développements et applications

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Jolin ◽  
Pierre Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Concrete Repair ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Air Content ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper presents the most recent developments in shotcrete technology obtained in the last 5 years through the "Industrial Chair on Shotcrete and Concrete Repair" hosted at Laval University. The main goal of this paper is to inform those involved in the construction and repair of civil engineering concrete structures of the various possibilities of "shotcrete." The two first sections present the basic principles in pneumatic application of concrete along with the two processes in shotcrete technology, the dry-mix and wet-mix. The advantages of both processes as well as the general rules to follow in a shotcrete application are also presented and explained. The third and last section, the most important, highlights the latest developments in shotcrete technology. These developments concern the use of set accelerating admixtures in dry process shotcrete and their effects on the durability of materials, the use of liquid and powdered air-entraining admixtures in dry-mix shotcrete as well as the concept of "high initial air content" in wet mix shotcrete.Key words: shotcrete, set accelerator, air-entraining admixture, durability, setting time.

scholarly journals The changing concept of work

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schoukens ◽  
Alberto Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Recent Developments

In most countries, a standard (or core) model of employment relationship (i.e. full-time work under an open-ended employment contract) typically receives the greatest labour and social security protection, with divergent work arrangements receiving less protection in correlation to the magnitude of the differences between the former and the latter. However, recent developments concerning non-standard forms of work may question this dynamic. In this article, we examine the nature and current evolution of the standard employment relationship, then analyse how other forms of work deviate from this standard. In order to do so, we draw on the conclusions of the numerous studies recently published by scholars and international organisations in the wake of the growing public debate on the ‘new world of work’. Afterwards, we analyse the situation of non-standard workers under certain social security systems, in order to determine how those systems have approached the divergent character of these forms of work. This leads us to identify the main challenges that social security systems experience when faced with non-standard forms of work. The article concludes by addressing the need to adapt the basic principles of social security to the atypical features of non-standard work.

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