Soil-on-a-Chip: microfluidic platforms for environmental organismal studies

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Stanley ◽  
Guido Grossmann ◽  
Xavier Casadevall i Solvas ◽  
Andrew J. deMello
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Microfluidic Technology ◽  
Recent Developments

A review of the most recent developments in so-called “Soil-on-a-Chip” microfluidic technology for environmental organismal studies, including bacteria, nematodes, fungi and plants, as well as inter-organismal interactions.

scholarly journals Recent developments in microfluidic technology for synthesis and toxicity-efficiency studies of biomedical nanomaterials

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100205
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Bendre ◽  
Mahesh P. Bhat ◽  
Kyeong-Hwan Lee ◽  
Tariq Altalhi ◽  
Mohammed Ayad Alruqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microfluidic Technology ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals Microfluidics for Peptidomics, Proteomics, and Cell Analysis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Rui Vitorino ◽  
Sofia Guedes ◽  
João Pinto da Costa ◽  
Václav Kašička
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Cell Analysis ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Peptidomic Analysis ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Fluid Manipulation

Microfluidics is the advanced microtechnology of fluid manipulation in channels with at least one dimension in the range of 1–100 microns. Microfluidic technology offers a growing number of tools for manipulating small volumes of fluid to control chemical, biological, and physical processes relevant to separation, analysis, and detection. Currently, microfluidic devices play an important role in many biological, chemical, physical, biotechnological and engineering applications. There are numerous ways to fabricate the necessary microchannels and integrate them into microfluidic platforms. In peptidomics and proteomics, microfluidics is often used in combination with mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. This review provides an overview of using microfluidic systems for peptidomics, proteomics and cell analysis. The application of microfluidics in combination with MS detection and other novel techniques to answer clinical questions is also discussed in the context of disease diagnosis and therapy. Recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip (electro)separation methods in proteomic and peptidomic analysis are summarized. The state of the art of microchip platforms for cell sorting and single-cell analysis is also discussed. Advances in detection methods are reported, and new applications in proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices and determination of their physicochemical parameters are highlighted.

RECAPITULATING THE VASCULAR MICROENVIRONMENT IN MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORMS

Nano LIFE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1340001 ◽  
Author(s):  
HASAN E. ABACI ◽  
GERMAN DRAZER ◽  
SHARON GERECHT
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Microfluidic Technology ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Micro Systems

The vasculature is regulated by various chemical and mechanical factors. Reproducing these factors in vitro is crucial for the understanding of the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases and the development of new therapeutics and delivery techniques. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities to precisely control the level, duration and extent of various cues, providing unprecedented capabilities to recapitulate the vascular microenvironment. In the first part of this article, we review existing microfluidic technology that is capable of controlling both chemical and mechanical factors regulating the vascular microenvironment. In particular, we focus on micro-systems developed for controlling key parameters such as oxygen tension, co-culture, shear stress, cyclic stretch and flow patterns. In the second part of this article, we highlight recent advances that resulted from the use of these microfluidic devices for vascular research.

Recent developments in microfluidic paper-, cloth-, and thread-based electrochemical devices for analytical chemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha S.P. Malon ◽  
Lee Yook Heng ◽  
Emma P. Córcoles
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemical ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Cellulose Substrates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Electrochemical Devices ◽  
And Performance

AbstractThe attractive structural and mechanical properties of cellulose substrates (paper, cloth, and thread), including passive fluid transport, biocompatibility, durability, and flexibility, have attracted researchers in the past few decades to explore them as alternative microfluidic platforms. The incorporation of electrochemical (EC) sensing broadened their use for applications such as clinical diagnosis, pharmaceutical chemical analyses, food quality, and environmental monitoring. This article provides a review on the microfluidic devices constructed on paper, cloth, and thread substrates. It begins with an overview on paper-based microfluidic devices, followed by an in-depth review on the various applications of EC detection incorporated on paper-based microfluidic devices reported to date. The review on paper-based microfluidic devices attempts to convey a few perspective directions that cloth- and thread-based microfluidic devices may take in its development. Finally, the research efforts on the development and evaluation, as well as current limitations of cloth- and thread-based microfluidic devices are discussed. Microfluidic devices constructed on paper, cloth, and thread substrates are still at an early development stage (prototype) requiring several improvements in terms of fabrication, analytical techniques, and performance to become mature platforms that can be adapted and commercialized as real world products. However, they hold a promising potential as wearable devices.

Trends in Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 228-229
Author(s):  
C. Colliex ◽  
P. Trebbia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Primary Electrons

The physical foundations for the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy towards analytical purposes, seem now rather well established and have been extensively discussed through recent publications. In this brief review we intend only to mention most recent developments in this field, which became available to our knowledge. We derive also some lines of discussion to define more clearly the limits of this analytical technique in materials science problems.The spectral information carried in both low ( 0<ΔE<100eV ) and high ( >100eV ) energy regions of the loss spectrum, is capable to provide quantitative results. Spectrometers have therefore been designed to work with all kinds of electron microscopes and to cover large energy ranges for the detection of inelastically scattered electrons (for instance the L-edge of molybdenum at 2500eV has been measured by van Zuylen with primary electrons of 80 kV). It is rather easy to fix a post-specimen magnetic optics on a STEM, but Crewe has recently underlined that great care should be devoted to optimize the collecting power and the energy resolution of the whole system.

Filaments and membranes in the mitotic apparatus

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
Kent McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Microtubule Associated Proteins ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Force Generator ◽  
Spindle Function ◽  
Antibody Technology

At the light microscope level the recent developments and interest in antibody technology have permitted the localization of certain non-microtubule proteins within the mitotic spindle, e.g., calmodulin, actin, intermediate filaments, protein kinases and various microtubule associated proteins. Also, the use of fluorescent probes like chlorotetracycline suggest the presence of membranes in the spindle. Localization of non-microtubule structures in the spindle at the EM level has been less rewarding. Some mitosis researchers, e.g., Rarer, have maintained that actin is involved in mitosis movements though the bulk of evidence argues against this interpretation. Others suggest that a microtrabecular network such as found in chromatophore granule movement might be a possible force generator but there is little evidence for or against this view. At the level of regulation of spindle function, Harris and more recently Hepler have argued for the importance of studying spindle membranes. Hepler also believes that membranes might play a structural or mechanical role in moving chromosomes.

Software pattern recognition applied to nanodiffraction patterns from a STEM instrument

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
G.Y. Fan ◽  
J.M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Host Computer ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Image Processing System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line

In recent developments, the ASU HB5 has been modified so that the timing, positioning, and scanning of the finely focused electron probe can be entirely controlled by a host computer. This made the asynchronized handshake possible between the HB5 STEM and the image processing system which consists of host computer (PDP 11/34), DeAnza image processor (IP 5000) which is interfaced with a low-light level TV camera, array processor (AP 400) and various peripheral devices. This greatly facilitates the pattern recognition technique initiated by Monosmith and Cowley. Software called NANHB5 is under development which, instead of employing a set of photo-diodes to detect strong spots on a TV screen, uses various software techniques including on-line fast Fourier transform (FFT) to recognize patterns of greater complexity, taking advantage of the sophistication of our image processing system and the flexibility of computer software.

High-resolution microscopy of twin boundaries in gold

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
William Krakow ◽  
David A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Gold Films ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tilt Boundaries ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy ◽  
Twist Boundaries

Recent developments in specimen preparation, imaging and image analysis together permit the experimental determination of the atomic structure of certain, simple grain boundaries in metals such as gold. Single crystal, ∼125Å thick, (110) oriented gold films are vapor deposited onto ∼3000Å of epitaxial silver on (110) oriented cut and polished rock salt substrates. Bicrystal gold films are then made by first removing the silver coated substrate and placing in contact two suitably misoriented pieces of the gold film on a gold grid. Controlled heating in a hot stage first produces twist boundaries which then migrate, so reducing the grain boundary area, to give mixed boundaries and finally tilt boundaries perpendicular to the foil. These specimens are well suited to investigation by high resolution transmission electron microscopy.

Recent developments in automated Transmission Electron MI

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
W.J. de Ruijter ◽  
P. Rez ◽  
David J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
On Line ◽  
Routine Procedures ◽  
Near Future

There is growing interest in the on-line use of computers in high-resolution electron n which should reduce the demands on highly skilled operators and thereby extend the r of the technique. An on-line computer could obviously perform routine procedures hand, or else facilitate automation of various restoration, reconstruction and enhan These techniques are slow and cumbersome at present because of the need for cai micrographs and off-line processing. In low resolution microscopy (most biologic; primary incentive for automation and computer image analysis is to create a instrument, with standard programmed procedures. In HREM (materials researc computer image analysis should lead to better utilization of the microscope. Instru (improved lens design and higher accelerating voltages) have improved the interpretab the level of atomic dimensions (approximately 1.6 Å) and instrumental resolutior should become feasible in the near future.

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