Methods of analysing chemicals associated with microplastics: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1361-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Hong ◽  
W. J. Shim ◽  
L. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Analytical approaches and methods applied to the chemical analysis of microplastics and plastic debris from the marine environment were reviewed.

Geosynthetic materials as a source of pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena E. Esiukova ◽  
Boris V. Chubarenko ◽  
E. M. Burnashov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Source Of Pollution

Overview of the current status of sediment chemical analysis: trends in analytical techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (NA) ◽  
pp. 37-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don-Roger Parkinson ◽  
Julian M. Dust
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
The Status ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

This article reviews selected techniques and current trends in the analysis of contaminants in sediments since the year 2000. Because of the variety of anthropogenic target analytes encountered in sediments, the monograph is separated into inorganic and organic subsections. Practical aspects, including advances in: analysis of standards, biological methods, instrumental methods, modeling aspects, sample preparation and extraction methods, and speciation techniques are discussed. The sediment matrices are complex and require an integrated approach encompassing sampling, preparation, extraction, and analysis steps to reach the detection levels required. Often hyphenated techniques are employed to utilize the multi-resolving and isolation powers of the combined instrumentation. The review mainly focuses on the ability of developing techniques and their approaches and applications not only to solve new problems but also to push detection limits on historically well known inorganic and organic contaminants, while highlighting emerging persistent organic pollutants. The impetus of such research is to obtain a more factual understanding of an ecosystem and overall condition of its habitant in the context of sediments that may act as reservoirs for anthropogenic pollutants. The review is not comprehensive but rather provides an overview of the status of sediment chemical analysis and focuses on the trends in analytical approaches towards analytes of anthropogenic contaminants in sediments.

Microplastics in sediments and fish from the Red Sea coast at Jeddah (Saudi Arabia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Al-Lihaibi ◽  
Asmaa Al-Mehmadi ◽  
Walied M. Alarif ◽  
Nahed O. Bawakid ◽  
Roland Kallenborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Environmental contextMillions of tons of plastic debris are present in the marine environment. This study addresses the issue of microplastics in nearshore sediment and fish sampled from the Saudi coastal waters of the Red Sea. The results show that the sediments of all analysed stations contained microplastics, and microplastic particles were detected in almost half of the 140 sampled fish. AbstractThe amounts of microplastics in sediment samples obtained from four stations along the Jeddah coast were shown to range from not detected to 119particleskg−1 wet sediment. Four classes of microplastic particles in the sediment, that is, fragments, granules, foams and fibres, were characterised by fluorescence microscopy. Microplastics of various forms and sizes were also identified in 44% of the 140 sampled fish (6 local species) in amounts ranging from not detected to 30 microplastic particles per individual. Polyethylene terephthalate and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers were the dominant polymer types in the sediment samples identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, while polystyrene, polyethylene and polyester were the dominant polymer types detected in fish. FTIR analysis showed that the most detected fibres were made of polyester. The results of this study emphasise that microplastic pollution represents an emerging threat to the marine environment of the Red Sea. The results of this study provide useful background information for further investigations and provide an accurate overview of the microplastics distribution in the marine environment of the Saudi Red Sea.

scholarly journals Combining an effect-based methodology with chemical analysis for antibiotics determination in wastewater and receiving freshwater and marine environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 116313
Author(s):  
Albert Serra-Compte ◽  
Mariël G. Pikkemaat ◽  
Alexander Elferink ◽  
David Almeida ◽  
Jorge Diogène ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Marine Environment

scholarly journals The Ecotoxicological Effects of Microplastics on Primary Producers in the Marine Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahibul Islam ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Bhaskar Chandra Majudmar ◽  
Sulav Indra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Ecotoxicological Effect

Plastic debris is an emerging environmental threat all over the world. But its effect and distribution in the marine ecosystem is barely known. Microplastics abundance in the marine vegetated area is about 2 to 3 times higher than the bare site in the ocean. Although seagrass meadows trap huge amount of microplastics over the ocean floor, a considerable amount of microplastics are also sink incorporating with the marine aggregates from the epipelagic zone of the ocean. Scavenging of microplastics by diatom aggregation decreases the sinking rate of them rather than cryptophyte. As we know, marine snow is the leading carbon source for zoobenthos, but the ubiquitous presence of microplastics damages cell of different microalgae which may alter the food webs of marine ecosystems.  Additionally, microplastics releases immense amount of dissolved organic carbons (DOC) in the surrounding seawater that stimulates the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms as well as their functional activity. Plastic debris result in outbreaks of disease in the marine environment and coral reefs are highly affected by it. When coral reef comes in contact with microplastics, the disease infestation rate of the reef increases massively. Three major disease viz., skeletal eroding band, white syndrome and black band of coral reef causes approximately 46% of reef mortality due to microplastics consumption. Due to complex structure and size, the corals accumulates huge amount of microplastics that increases growth of pathogens by hampering the coral immune system. Existing scientific evidence presents that exposure of microplastics in aquatic environments triggers a wide variety of toxic insult from feeding disruption to reproductive performance, disturbances in energy metabolism throughout the ocean. The present review focused on the ecotoxicological effect of microplastics on primary producers of ocean, its uptake, accumulation, and excretion, and its probable toxicity with risk assessment approaches. 

scholarly journals New Analytical Approaches for Effective Quantification and Identification of Nanoplastics in Environmental Samples

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2086
Author(s):  
Christian Ebere Enyoh ◽  
Qingyue Wang ◽  
Tanzin Chowdhury ◽  
Weiqian Wang ◽  
Senlin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Human Toxicity ◽  
Marine Litter ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Nanoplastics (NPs) are a rapidly developing subject that is relevant in environmental and food research, as well as in human toxicity, among other fields. NPs have recently been recognized as one of the least studied types of marine litter, but potentially one of the most hazardous. Several studies are now being reported on NPs in the environment including surface water and coast, snow, soil and in personal care products. However, the extent of contamination remains largely unknown due to fundamental challenges associated with isolation and analysis, and therefore, a methodological gap exists. This article summarizes the progress in environmental NPs analysis and makes a critical assessment of whether methods from nanoparticles analysis could be adopted to bridge the methodological gap. This review discussed the sample preparation and preconcentration protocol for NPs analysis and also examines the most appropriate approaches available at the moment, ranging from physical to chemical. This study also discusses the difficulties associated with improving existing methods and developing new ones. Although microscopical techniques are one of the most often used ways for imaging and thus quantification, they have the drawback of producing partial findings as they can be easily mixed up as biomolecules. At the moment, the combination of chemical analysis (i.e., spectroscopy) and newly developed alternative methods overcomes this limitation. In general, multiple analytical methods used in combination are likely to be needed to correctly detect and fully quantify NPs in environmental samples.

scholarly journals Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment: History and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1900081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imogen Ellen Napper ◽  
Richard C. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Future Challenges

scholarly journals Quantifying Marine Plastic Debris in a Beach Environment Using Spectral Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4548
Author(s):  
Jenna A. Guffogg ◽  
Samantha M. Blades ◽  
Mariela Soto-Berelov ◽  
Chris J. Bellman ◽  
Andrew K. Skidmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Spectral Feature ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Marine Plastic Debris

Marine plastic debris (MPD) is a globally relevant environmental challenge, with an estimated 8 million tons of synthetic debris entering the marine environment each year. Plastic has been found in all parts of the marine environment, including the surface layers of the ocean, within the water column, in coastal waters, on the benthic layer and on beaches. While research on detecting MPD using remote sensing is increasing, most of it focuses on detecting floating debris in open waters, rather than detecting MPD on beaches. However, beaches present challenges that are unique from other parts of the marine environment. In order to better understand the spectral properties of beached MPD, we present the SWIR reflectance of weathered MPD and virgin plastics over a sandy substrate. We conducted spectral feature analysis on the different plastic groups to better understand the impact that polymers have on our ability to detect synthetic debris at sub-pixel surface covers that occur on beaches. Our results show that the minimum surface cover required to detect MPD on a sandy surface varies between 2–8% for different polymer types. Furthermore, plastic composition affects the magnitude of spectral absorption. This suggests that variation in both surface cover and polymer type will inform the efficacy of beach litter detection methods.

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