Green synthesis and antifungal activity of Al2O3NPs against fluconazole-resistant Candida spp isolated from a tertiary care hospital

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Candida spp. isolated from different clinical samples (sputum, urine, vaginal swab, blood, endotracheal (ET) secretion, pus) from 250 patients between the period of February 2013 and December 2015 were included in the study. Of those 250 patients, 20% were immunocompromised. Sabouraud dextrose agar was used for the isolation of Candida spp. and the identification was performed on the basis of colony morphology, Gram’s stain, India ink preparation, germ tube test, temperature tolerance test, characteristic color change in CHROMagar, chlamydospore production, sugar fermentation test and sugar assimilation test.Out of total 300 Candida spp., majority were isolated from sputum (43.33%) followed by urine (40%) and vaginal swab (6.67%). Of total 151 (50.33%) non-albicans Candida, the most common species isolated were C. tropicalis (62.25%) followed by C. glabrata (23.84%). High prevalence of non-albicans Candida among the patients attending a hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal was noted.

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Prevalence and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Candida spp from a South Indian Tertiary Care Hospital

International Journal of Medical Research and Review ◽

10.17511/ijmrr.2017.i02.01 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 98-104

Author(s):

Dr Swapna Kurup Rajgopal ◽

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Candida Spp ◽

South Indian

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A study of etiology and epidemiology of onychomycosis from a tertiary care hospital in North India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210442 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 559

Author(s):

Shivani Tyagi ◽

Neha . ◽

Ravinder Kaur ◽

Deepti Rawat

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

North India ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Age Related ◽

Etiological Agents

Background: Onychomycosis is the fungal infection of nail of which the incidence varies from 0.5-12% in India and around 5% worldwide.Onychomycosis is considered to be gender and age-related disease, being commoner in males and older adults in both genders. Apart from dermatophytes, other fungal agents like yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds are increasingly being acknowledged as important etiological agents for the same. Our aim was to study the etiology of the nail infections in patients presenting to a dermatology department in a tertiary care hospital in central Delhi.Methods: This study included nail samples from patients of various age groups with suspected onychomycosis attending dermatology clinics in our hospital over a period of 2 years. For all samples, KOH wet mount microscopic examination followed by culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar was done. Growth of filamentous fungi and yeast obtained on SDA were identified using conventional microbiology techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using Epitools.Results: Of the total 1061 nail samples received, maximum prevalence seen in patients of age group 21 to 50 years. The positivity of onychomycosis was 57.02%. Out of culture positive samples, 24.62% grew dermatophytes and 75.37% grew non-dermatophytes (31.40% yeasts and 43.97% non-dermatophyte moulds). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common (59.73%) dermatophyte followed by T. rubrum (23.49%) while among non-dermatophyte moulds; Aspergillus niger (20.68%) was the most common followed by A. flavus (16.54%) and others. Common yeasts included Candida spp. (65.79%) and Trichosporon spp. (28.95%).Conclusions: Non- dermatophytes are emerging as major etiological agents of onychomycosis which may be accounted various host factors. So, it becomes important to correctly identify the causative fungi to ensure appropriate treatment.

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EMERGING ISSUE OF FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT CANDIDEMIA IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF SOUTHERN ITALY: TIME FOR ANTIFUNGAL STEWARDSHIP PROGRAM

Journal de Mycologie Médicale ◽

10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101206 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101206

Author(s):

Bavaro Davide Fiore ◽

Balena Flavia ◽

Ronga Luigi ◽

Signorile Fabio ◽

Romanelli Federica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Southern Italy ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Antifungal Stewardship ◽

Stewardship Program ◽

Fluconazole Resistant

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Ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in India: role of multi-drug resistant pathogens

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.634 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (04) ◽

pp. 218-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Noyal Mariya Joseph ◽

Sujatha Sistla ◽

Tarun Kumar Dutta ◽

Ashok Shankar Badhe ◽

Desdemona Rasitha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Late Onset ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

P Value ◽

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Beta Lactamases

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent intensive-care-unit (ICU)-acquired infection. The aetiology of VAP varies with different patient populations and types of ICUs. Methodology: A prospective study was performed over a period of 15 months in a tertiary care hospital to determine the various aetiological agents causing VAP and the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens. Combination disk method, Modified Hodge test, EDTA disk synergy (EDS) test and AmpC disk test were performed for the detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), carbapenemases, metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) and AmpC β-lactamases respectively. Results: Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida spp. were more common in early-onset VAP, while non-fermenters (Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp.) were significantly associated with late-onset VAP (P value 0.0267, Chi-square value 4.91). Thirty-seven (78.7%) of the 47 VAP pathogens were multidrug resistant. ESBL was produced by 50% and 67% of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. MBL was produced by 20% of P. aeruginosa. AmpC beta-lactamases were produced by 33.3% and 60.7% of the Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenters respectively. Of the S. aureus isolates, 43% were methicillin resistant. Prior antibiotic therapy and hospitalization of five days or more were independent risk factors for VAP by MDR pathogens. Conclusions: VAP is increasingly associated with MDR pathogens. Production of ESBL, AmpC beta-lactamases and metallo beta-lactamases were responsible for the multi-drug resistance of these pathogens. Increasing prevalence of MDR pathogens in patients with late-onset VAP indicate that appropriate broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used to treat them.

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Surveillance and characterization of Candida bloodstream infections in a Serbian tertiary care hospital

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.7970 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (06) ◽

pp. 643-656 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Predrag Stojanovic ◽

Nikola Stojanovic ◽

Zorica Stojanovic-Radic ◽

Valentina Arsić Arsenijević ◽

Suzana Otasevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Medical Histories

Introduction: Candida spp. frequently cause hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (BSI) with a high mortality rate (up to 70%). We analyzed the frequency, infection characteristics, potential predisposing factors, susceptibility to antifungal drugs, biofilm production and other virulence characteristics of Candida spp. isolates obtained from a tertiary care hospital in Niš, Serbia, during a one year period. Methods: Medical histories, characteristics of isolated strains and drug susceptibility, as well as the effect on the function of isolated macrophages and other virulence features were evaluated. The obtained results were subjected to student’s t-test and multivariate statistical analyzes. Results: Herein we report an annual incidence of 3.65 cases of C. albicans, C. lusitaniae and C. lipolytica infections per 105 population. Out of eight isolated strains, two (25%) were shown to be strong biofilm producers, one (12.5%) caused hemolysis on blood agar and in two (25%) cases macrophages were able to completely eliminate the yeast colonies. Chronic kidney disease, diabetes, malignant and other diseases were present in 37.5, 62.5, 50 and 75%, respectively, in the study group. All patients with Candida BSI received antifungal therapy (amphotericin B), however, hospital mortality was observed in 25% of patients. Conclusions: Evaluation of local Candida epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and virulence factors, as well as personalized patient risk factors are important for the surveillance of Candida BSI, especially in intensive care unit patients and may contribute to the improved options and outcome for patients with Candida BSI.

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