scholarly journals Spreading dynamics of reactive surfactants driven by Marangoni convection

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (18) ◽  
pp. 3644-3648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bickel
Keyword(s):  
Marangoni Convection ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Reactive Surfactants ◽  
Surface Active

Enhanced diffusion of volatile, surface-active species at the water–air interface is explained by Marangoni convection.

The Effect of Mn Content on Catalytic Activity of the Co–Mn–Ce Catalysts for Propane Oxidation: Importance of Lattice Defect and Surface Active Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1505-1514
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Chenrui Cui ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Jing Yi ◽  
Lili Lei
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Lattice Defect ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Propane Oxidation ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
Surface Active

The Chorionic Plastron and its Role in the Eggs of the Muscinae (Diptera)

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (55) ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
H. E. HINTON
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Egg Shell

In flies of the subfamily Muscinae the egg-shell has both an outer and an inner meshwork layer, each of which holds a continuous film of air. Between these two meshwork layers there is a more or less thick middle layer to which the shell chiefly owes its mechanical strength. Holes or aeropyles through the middle layer effect the continuity of the outer and inner films of air. Both meshwork layers consist of struts that arise perpendicularly from the middle layer. In both layers the struts are branched at their apices in a plane normal to their long axes. These horizontal branches form a fine and open hydrofuge network that provides a large water-air interface when the egg is immersed. When it rains or when the egg is otherwise immersed in water, the film of air held in the outer meshwork layer of the shell funtions as a plastron. To be an efficient respiratory structure a plastron must resist wetting by both the hydrostatic pressures and the surface active materials to which it is normally exposed. The plastrons of all the Muscinae tested resist wetting in clean water by pressures far in excess of any they are likely to encounter in nature. The resistance of a plastron to hydrostatic pressures varies directly as the surface tension of the water, and the surface tension of water in contact with the decomposing materials in which the Muscinae lay their eggs is much lowered by surface active materials. These considerations seem to provide an explanation for the great resistance of the plastron of the Muscinae to wetting by excess pressures and for the paradox that the plastrons of these terrestrial eggs are more resistant to high pressures than are the plastrons of some aquatic insects that live in clean water.

Ligand photodissociation in Ru(ii)–1,4,7-triazacyclononane complexes enhances water oxidation and enables electrochemical generation of surface active species

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3399-3408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Younus ◽  
Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Ibrahim Yildiz ◽  
Serge Zhuiykov ◽  
Shiguo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Electrochemical Generation ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Complete Dissociation

Ligand transformations involved in metal complexes during water oxidation (WO), such as ligand decomposition, partial oxidation, or complete dissociation have been reported, however, ligand photodissociation has not been reported yet.

The Need for Microstructural Measurement Techniques in the Study of Cosmetic Product Properties

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 793-800
Author(s):  
P. G. Cummins ◽  
C. Fthenakis
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Interfacial Interactions ◽  
Product Property ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Cosmetic Product ◽  
Cosmetic Industry ◽  
Surface Active

AbstractA cosmetic product is often a complex non-homogeneous mixture of physicochemical units including polymers, small molecules, surface-active species, and particles. In use, it is applied to an equally heterogeneous substrate, skin. Consequently, materials structure as well as composition and the nature of the surfaces are relevant to a clear understanding of any technologically important product property or process. No longer is it sufficient to answer the classical questions of analysis—what and how much?—for many applications; we must now ask the additional questions of where, how organized, and how is it manifest to the customer? Although analytical sciences have, for many years, been applied to the problem of characterizing what is in chemical systems, the need to understand spatial and interfacial interactions has received much less attention. The explosive growth, however, in electronics, computing, biology, mathematical methodologies, microscopy, and optics now present the cosmetic industry with a new set of tools that can be utilized to address this issue. It is the objective of this article to highlight some of these measurement advances and how they might have relevance in the cosmetics industry in the coming years.

Crude Oil Surface Active Species: Consequences for Enhanced Oil Recovery and Emulsion Stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 2642-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Bourrel ◽  
Nicolas Passade-Boupat
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Surface Active

scholarly journals Behaviors of Interfacial Tension and Reaction Mechanism of Surface Active Species in Metal Extraction System by D2 EHPA.

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyoshi Kim ◽  
Tatsuo Kanki ◽  
Tsuyoshi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Extraction System ◽  
Surface Active

scholarly journals Water-in-Oleogel Emulsions—From Structure Design to Functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khakhanang Wijarnprecha ◽  
Auke de Vries ◽  
Sopark Sonwai ◽  
Dérick Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Phase Dispersion ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Dispersed Phases ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Gel Network

The development of water-in-oleogel (W/Og) emulsions is highlighted, with focus placed on the key properties dictating the structuring ability of both the continuous oleogelled and dispersed phases present. The gelling ability of oleogelators is distinguished by the formation of crystalline structures, polymeric strands, or tubules. Once a dispersed aqueous phase is introduced, droplet stabilization may occur via oleogelator adsorption onto the surface of the dispersed droplets, the formation of a continuous gel network, or a combination of both. Surface-active species (added or endogenous) are also required for effective W/Og aqueous phase dispersion and stabilization. Processing conditions, namely temperature-time-shear regimes, are also discussed given their important role on dispersed droplet and oleogel network formation. The effects of many factors on W/Og emulsion formation, rheology, and stability remain virtually unknown, particularly the role of dispersed droplet size, gelation, and clustering as well as the applicability of the active filler concept to foods. This review explores some of these factors and briefly mentions possible applications of W/Og emulsions.

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