Inhibitory activities of marine sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-2

Antioxidants play a central role in the prevention of carcinogenesis. The most natural compounds exhibit their protective effects by eliciting antioxidant potential. Sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the brown algae Padina tetrastromatica, then purified and evaluated for its composition and in vitro antioxidant and antimitotic activities. Both ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide (ESPS) and ethanolic sulfated polysaccharide-column purified (ESPS-CP) exhibited considerable amount of carbohydrates (11.2% and 17.6%), sulfate (11.4% and 7.4%), fucose (5.5% and 15.7%), uronic acid (4.7% and 11.8%), xylose (0.5% and 0.03%) and sulfated polysaccharide (2.4% and 12.7%) content. The FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening also confirmed the presence of sulfated polysaccharides. In the in vitro antioxidant activity determination using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion scavenging activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and reducing power, ESPS showed more activity than ESPS-CP. In the case of nitric oxide radical scavenging, ESPS-CP was found to be more effective. At a concentration of 2mg/ml, both samples were potent antioxidants with significant IC50 values. The antimitotic studies such as mitotic index in onion root tips and sprouting assay in green gram seeds also proved that both the extracts are able to prevent mitosis. The extrapolation of these results can find opportunities in therapeutic regiments of cancer.

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High-Intensity Low-Frequency Ultrasonic Treatment of Sulfated Polysaccharide from Brown Algae

Journal of Siberian Federal University Chemistry ◽

10.17516/1998-2836-0265 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 582-592

Author(s):

Viktoria E. Suprunchuk ◽

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Ultrasonic Treatment ◽

High Intensity ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Low Frequency Ultrasound ◽

Frequency Ultrasound

This paper reports on an effective method for depolymerization of fucoidan in an aqueous medium using ultrasonic treatment. To assess the effect of this treatment, high-molecular-weight fucoidan was dispersed at a concentration of 10 mg/ml in deionized water and subjected to ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz with varying intensity. The effect of high-intensity low-frequency ultrasound on the particle size of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from brown algae, where the minimum value of the average hydrodynamic diameter was 85.92 ± 32.9 nm, was studied. The dependence of the particle size of the polysaccharide on the intensity of ultrasonic exposure was revealed. The influence of this effect on the degree of sulfation of fucoidan has been determined. Shown the cavitation activity in the processing environment and discussed the reasons for its change

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An antithrombin-dependent sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the green alga Caulerpa cupressoides has in vivo anti- and prothrombotic effects

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782011000400014 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 634-639 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

José Ariévilo Gurgel Rodrigues ◽

Ismael Nilo Lino de Queiroz ◽

Ana Luíza Gomes Quinderé ◽

Bruno Cunha Vairo ◽

Paulo Antônio de Souza Mourão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Green Algae ◽

Red Algae ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Antithrombotic Activity ◽

Thrombin Inhibition ◽

Antithrombotic Effects ◽

Mechanism Of Interaction

Red algae sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) have been widely described as anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents; however no description of antithrombotic activity regarding green algae SPs has been reported. Caulerpa cupressoides (Chlorophyta) has three different SPs fractions (SP1, SP2 and SP3). We investigated the effects of SP2 on thrombin activity by antithrombin and in an experimental model of venous thrombosis in rats. The inhibition of thrombin assay was evaluated using antithrombin (AT) in the presence of SP2 and the antithrombotic activity was investigated in rats with thromboplastin as the thrombogenic stimulus. The anticoagulant effects of SP2 are suggested be due to the potentiation of thrombin inhibition by antithrombin (IC50 ~ 10.0µg mL-1) and this mechanism of interaction is different when compared to other studied Caulerpa polysaccharides. SP2 exhibited antithrombotic effects at doses of 1.0 and 2.0mg kg-1 body weight, but at higher doses (>2.0mg kg-1 body weight) this polysaccharide revert the antithrombotic property. No hemorrhagic effect (2.0mg kg-1) was observed. As occurs with red algae SPs, these results indicate that green algae SPs are also capable of exhibiting different in vivo properties.

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STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDE FROM RED ALGAE BETAPHYCUS GELATINUS

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/58/6a/15598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (6A) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Van Thi Thanh Van ◽

Hieu Mai Nhu Vo ◽

Hang Thi Thuy Cao ◽

Trinh Thi Hoai Phan ◽

Duc Mai Tran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Red Algae ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Activity Evaluation ◽

Nmr Methods ◽

Different Levels

In this paper, sulfated polysaccharides were extracted from red algae Betaphycus gelatinus species collected at Ninh Thuan sea by using several extraction methods. The structural characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides was investigated by IR and NMR methods. The results indicated that polysaccharide from Betaphycus gelatinus identified as hybrid carrageenan, mainly composed of β-carrageenan, κ-carrageenan and g-carrageenan. Biological activity evaluation showed that the sulfated polysaccharides possessed antioxidant activity with different levels.

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DELAYED LIGHT ACTION SPECTRA OF SEVERAL ALGAE IN VISIBLE AND ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.42.2.243 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. C. McLeod

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Red Algae ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Light Emission ◽

Incident Light ◽

Ultraviolet Region ◽

Blue Green Algae ◽

Action Spectra ◽

Light Production ◽

Carotenoid Absorption

Action spectra for delayed light production by several algae were determined from 250 to 750 mµ incident light. In the visible portion of the spectrum the action spectra resemble those reported by previous workers for photosynthesis and light emission. Blue-green algae had a maximum at 620 mµ, red algae at 550 mµ, whereas green and brown algae have action spectra corresponding to chlorophyll and carotenoid absorption. In the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum delayed light is emitted by algae down to 250 mµ incident light. The action spectra of the different algae are not alike in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. This indicates that pigments other than chlorophyll must be sensitizing or shielding the algae in the ultraviolet region.

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Fucoidans — sulfated polysaccharides of brown algae

Russian Chemical Reviews ◽

10.1070/rc2009v078n08abeh004063 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (8) ◽

pp. 785-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Anatolii I Usov ◽

M I Bilan

Keyword(s):

Brown Algae ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides

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KEKAYAAN DAN POTENSI SENYAWA BIOAKTIF MAKROALGA DI PESISIR ATEP OKI, KABUPATEN MINAHASA, SULAWESI UTARA

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.8.3.2020.30454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Silsia Dorkas Winowoda ◽

Marina Flora Oktavine Singkoh ◽

Ratna Siahaan

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Red Algae ◽

Brown Algae ◽

North Sulawesi ◽

Sampling Locations

This study aims to analyze the richness and potential of macroalgae bioactive compounds on the Atep Oki Coast, District of Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted in October 2019 until January 2020. Sampling used the roaming method in a predetermined location that is Atep Oki tidal/ intertidal coast. Sampling locations are spread over six coordinate points. Macroalgae found on the Atep Oki Coast assessed ten species belonging to three phyla, namely Chlorophyta (green algae), Ochrophyta (brown algae) and Rhodophyta (red algae). Chlorophyta members mean six species. Ochrophyta has members of three species and members of Rhodophyta only one species. The types of macroalgae found on the Atep Oki Coast provide bioactive compounds. Keywords : Macroalgae, Bioactive Compounds, Atep Oki Minahasa CoastAbstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekayaan jenis dan potensi senyawa bioaktif makroalga di Pesisir Atep Oki, Kabupaten Minahasa, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode jelajah di lokasi yang telah ditentukan yaitu pesisir pasang surut/intertidal Atep Oki. Lokasi pengambilan sampel tersebar di enam titik-titik koordinat. Makroalga yang ditemukan di Pesisir Atep Oki berjumlah sepuluh species yang tergolong ke dalam tiga filum yaitu Chlorophyta (alga hijau), Ochrophyta (alga cokelat) dan Rhodophyta (alga merah). Anggota Chlorophyta berjumlah enam species. Ochrophyta memiliki anggota tiga species dan anggota Rhodophyta hanya satu species. Jenis-jenis makroalga yang ditemukan di Pesisir Atep Oki berpotensi menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif. Kata kunci : Makroalga, Senyawa Bioaktif, Pesisir Atep Oki Minahasa

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Inhibitory activities of Cystoseira crinita sulfated polysaccharide on key enzymes related to diabetes and hypertension: in vitro and animal study

Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1080/13813455.2016.1232737 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 31-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Amel Ben Gara ◽

Rihab Ben Abdallah Kolsi ◽

Neila Jardak ◽

Rim Chaaben ◽

Abdelfattah El-Feki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Study ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽

Key Enzymes ◽

Inhibitory Activities

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Oxidative degradation of the sulfated polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria nobilis

Process Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.procbio.2014.12.016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 294-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaodi Dong ◽

Rujia Pan ◽

Shanmei Zou ◽

Meilin He ◽

Changhai Wang

Keyword(s):

Sea Cucumber ◽

Oxidative Degradation ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharide

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The Sulfated Polysaccharides of Brown Algae and Products of Their Enzymatic Transformation as Potential Vaccine Adjuvants

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1801300837 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tatyana A. Kuznetsova ◽

Elena V. Persiyanova ◽

Svetlana P. Ermakova ◽

Maxim Yu. Khotimchenko ◽

Natalya N. Besednova

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Complex Structure ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Vaccine Adjuvants ◽

Adjuvant Activity ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Enzymatic Transformation ◽

Immunomodulatory Action

The review is devoted to critical analysis of literature data, deal with effects and mechanisms of action of sulfated polysaccharides (PSs) – fucoidans from brown algae and products of their enzymatic transformation as potential adjuvants for enhancement of anti-infective and antitumor immune response. Numerous experimental data indicate that sulfated PSs demonstrate properties of vaccine adjuvants. Application perspectiveness of fucoidans as vaccine adjuvants is defined by their high biocompatibility, low-toxicity, safety and good tolerance by macroorganism, and also mechanisms of their immunomodulatory action. In particular, fucoidans are agonists of receptors of innate immunity and strong inducers of cellular and humoral immune response. At presenting the data of structural - functional interrelations, attention focused to the defining role of degree of sulfation, uronic acids and polyphenols contents, and also molecular mass in actions of fucoidans to innate and adaptive immunity cells. Insufficiency of literary data on studying of correlation of structure – physicochemical characteristics with adjuvanticities of the sulfated PSs, and also the problem of standardization of their active fractions are noted. Special attention is paid to the analysis of immunomodulatory and adjuvant activity of fucoidan oligosaccharides. Presented here results of experimental trial indicate that, despite the difficulties due to preparation of highly purified structurally characterized fractions and complex structure of fucoidans, these substances can be used as safe and effective adjuvants in vaccines against various pathogens including viruses, and also in antitumor vaccines.

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