scholarly journals In situ synthesis of methane using Ag–GDC composite electrodes in a tubular solid oxide electrolytic cell: new insight into the role of oxide ion removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2055-2064
Author(s):  
Saheli Biswas ◽  
Aniruddha P. Kulkarni ◽  
Daniel Fini ◽  
Sarbjit Giddey ◽  
Sankar Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Electrolytic Cell ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
Methanation Catalyst ◽  
Oxide Ion ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Electrochemical Phenomenon

In situ synthesis of methane in a single-temperature zone SOEC in the absence of any methanation catalyst is a completely electrochemical phenomenon governed by the thermodynamic equilibrium of various reactions.

A Pictorial Tracking of Basal Plane Dislocations in SiC Epitaxy

2010 ◽  
Vol 645-648 ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Stahlbush ◽  
Rachael L. Myers-Ward ◽  
Brenda L. VanMil ◽  
D. Kurt Gaskill ◽  
Charles R. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Half Loop ◽  
Insight Into

The recently developed technique of UVPL imaging has been used to track the path of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in SiC epitaxial layers. The glide of BPDs during epitaxial growth has been observed and the role of this glide in forming half-loop arrays has been examined. The ability to track the path of BPDs through the epitaxy has made it possible to develop a BPD reduction process for epitaxy grown on 8° offcut wafers, which uses an in situ growth interrupt and has achieved a BPD reduction of > 98%. The images also provide insight into the strong BPD reduction that typically occurs in epitaxy grown on 4° offcut wafers.

scholarly journals Visualization is crucial for understanding microbial processes in the ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20190083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sebastián ◽  
Josep M. Gasol
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Single Cell Activity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

Recent developments in community and single-cell genomic approaches have provided an unprecedented amount of information on the ecology of microbes in the aquatic environment. However, linkages between each specific microbe's identity and their in situ level of activity (be it growth, division or just metabolic activity) are much more scarce. The ultimate goal of marine microbial ecology is to understand how the environment determines the types of different microbes in nature, their function, morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and to do so we should gather three levels of information, the genomic (including identity), the functional (activity or growth), and the morphological, and for as many individual cells as possible. We present a brief overview of methodologies applied to address single-cell activity in marine prokaryotes, together with a discussion of the difficulties in identifying and categorizing activity and growth. We then provide and discuss some examples showing how visualization has been pivotal for challenging established paradigms and for understanding the role of microbes in the environment, unveiling processes and interactions that otherwise would have been overlooked. We conclude by stating that more effort should be directed towards integrating visualization in future approaches if we want to gain a comprehensive insight into how microbes contribute to the functioning of ecosystems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of zinc dithiocarbamate complexes as single source precursors to ZnS nanomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 798-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husn-Ubayda Islam ◽  
Anna Roffey ◽  
Nathan Hollingsworth ◽  
Wim Bras ◽  
Gopinathan Sankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Single Source Precursors ◽  
Insight Into

Heating [Zn(S2CNiBu2)2] in oleylamine affords high aspect ratio nanowires of ZnS and in situ XAS studies of the decomposition of [Zn(S2CNMe2)2] give insight into mechanistic aspects of the molecular transformations.

scholarly journals The CD33 short isoform is a gain-of-function variant that enhances Aβ1–42 phagocytosis in microglia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bhattacherjee ◽  
Jaesoo Jung ◽  
Sameera Zia ◽  
Madelene Ho ◽  
Ghazaleh Eskandari-Sedighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
U937 Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Primary Microglia ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background CD33 is genetically linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) susceptibility through differential expression of isoforms in microglia. The role of the human CD33 short isoform (hCD33m), preferentially encoded by an AD-protective CD33 allele (rs12459419T), is unknown. Here, we test whether hCD33m represents a loss-of-function or gain-of-function variant. Methods We have developed two models to test the role of hCD33m. The first is a new strain of transgenic mice expressing hCD33m in the microglial cell lineage. The second is U937 cells where the CD33 gene was disrupted by CRISPR/Cas9 and complemented with different variants of hCD33. Primary microglia and U937 cells were tested in phagocytosis assays and single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) was carried out on the primary microglia. Furthermore, a new monoclonal antibody was developed to detect hCD33m more efficiently. Results In both primary microglia and U937 cells, we find that hCD33m enhances phagocytosis. This contrasts with the human CD33 long isoform (hCD33M) that represses phagocytosis, as previously demonstrated. As revealed by scRNAseq, hCD33m+ microglia are enriched in a cluster of cells defined by an upregulated expression and gene regulatory network of immediate early genes, which was further validated within microglia in situ. Using a new hCD33m-specific antibody enabled hCD33m expression to be examined, demonstrating a preference for an intracellular location. Moreover, this newly discovered gain-of-function role for hCD33m is dependent on its cytoplasmic signaling motifs, dominant over hCD33M, and not due to loss of glycan ligand binding. Conclusions These results provide strong support that hCD33m represents a gain-of-function isoform and offers insight into what it may take to therapeutically capture the AD-protective CD33 allele.

scholarly journals Analysis of Dip2B Expression in Adult Mouse Tissues Using the LacZ Reporter Gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-542
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Sah ◽  
Noor Bahadar ◽  
Fatoumata Binta Bah ◽  
Salah Adlat ◽  
Zin Mar Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
Lacz Staining ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lung And Kidney

Disconnected (disco)-interacting protein 2 homolog B (Dip2B) is a member of the Dip2 superfamily and plays an essential role in axonal outgrowth during embryogenesis. In adults, Dip2B is highly expressed in different brain regions, as shown by in situ analysis, and may have a role in axon guidance. However, the expression and biological role of Dip2B in other somatic tissues remain unknown. To better visualize Dip2B expression and to provide insight into the roles of Dip2B during postnatal development, we used a Dip2btm1a(wtsi)komp knock-in mouse model, in which a LacZ-Neo fusion protein is expressed under Dip2b promoter and allowed Dip2B expression to be analyzed by X-gal staining. qPCR analyses showed that Dip2b mRNA was expressed in a variety of somatic tissues, including lung and kidney, in addition to brain. LacZ staining indicated that Dip2B is broadly expressed in neuronal, reproductive, and vascular tissues as well as in the kidneys, heart, liver, and lungs. Moreover, neurons and epithelial cells showed rich staining. The broad and intense patterns of Dip2B expression in adult mice provide evidence of the distribution of Dip2B in multiple locations and, thereby, its implication in numerous physiological roles.

scholarly journals Expression of the Fgf6 gene is restricted to developing skeletal muscle in the mouse embryo

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. deLapeyriere ◽  
V. Ollendorff ◽  
J. Planche ◽  
M.O. Ott ◽  
S. Pizette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Putative Receptor ◽  
Rna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Insight Into

Fgf6, a member of the Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) family, is developmentally regulated and its expression is highly restricted in the adult. To gain further insight into the role of Fgf6, we studied its expression during embryogenesis using RNA in situ hybridization. Fgf6 expression is restricted to developing skeletal muscle. Fgf6 transcripts are first detected in the somites at 9.5 days post-conceptus, and expression continues in developing skeletal muscles up to at least 16.5 days post-conceptus. Fgfr4 is a putative receptor for FGF6. Its pattern of expression during myogenesis overlaps that of Fgf6, but both genes are not expressed in exactly the same population of cells. In addition, recombinant FGF6 protein is able to repress the terminal differentiation of myoblasts in culture, providing additional support to the concept that FGF6 plays an important role in myogenesis.

Omics-based approaches and their use in the assessment of microbial-influenced corrosion of metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Beale ◽  
Avinash V. Karpe ◽  
Snehal Jadhav ◽  
Tim H. Muster ◽  
Enzo A. Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Secondary Effects ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMicrobial-influenced corrosion (MIC) has been known to have economic, environmental, and social implications to offshore oil and gas pipelines, concrete structures, and piped water assets. While corrosion itself is a relatively simple process, the localised manner of corrosion makes in situ assessments difficult. Furthermore, corrosion assessments tend to be measured as part of a forensic investigation. Compounding the issue further is the impact of microbiological/biofilm processes, where corrosion is influenced by the complex processes of different microorganisms performing different electrochemical reactions and secreting proteins and metabolites that can have secondary effects. While traditional microbiological culture-dependent techniques and electrochemical/physical assessments provide some insight into corrosion activity, the identity and role of microbial communities that are related to corrosion and corrosion inhibition in different materials and in different environments are scarce. One avenue to explore MIC and MIC inhibition is through the application of omics-based techniques, where insight into the bacterial population in terms of diversification and their metabolism can be further understood. As such, this paper discusses the recent progresses made in a number of fields that have used omics-based applications to improve the fundamental understanding of biofilms and MIC processes.

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