Bioactives and their metabolites from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum leaves ameliorate DSS-induced colitis via protecting intestinal barrier, mitigating oxidative stress and regulating gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wu ◽  
Xiaoya Wang ◽  
Hua Xiong ◽  
Zeyuan Deng ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Tetrastigma Hemsleyanum ◽  
Research Attention

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, a precious edible and medicinal plant in China, has attracted extensive research attention in recent years due to its highly traditional value for the treatment of various diseases....

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through intestinal barrier improvement, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota modulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 7817-7829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangliang Sheng ◽  
Guanghui Zhang ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Shiman He ◽  
Xiaowei Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract ◽  
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract had the strongest efficacy on colitis through inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, protecting epithelial integrity, and gut microbiota modulation.

Lactobacillus plantarum Y44 alleviates oxidative stress by regulating gut microbiota and colonic barrier function in Balb/C mice with subcutaneous d-galactose injection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Yujun Liu ◽  
Fenglian Ma ◽  
Mengying Sun ◽  
Yinglong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function

The effect of L. plantarum Y44 administration on oxidative stress in Balb/C mice included the recovery of the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function, influencing the glycerophospholipid metabolism, and activating Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathway.

scholarly journals Picroside II Improves Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Intestinal Barrier Injury by Inactivating Oxidative and Inflammatory TLR4-Dependent PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling and Improving Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehua Piao ◽  
Baohai Liu ◽  
Xiaodan Sui ◽  
Shuangdi Li ◽  
Wei Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Inflammatory Signaling ◽  
Picroside Ii ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background. Picroside II exerts anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal effects for treating the diseases associated with oxidative injury. However, its function on pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury remains unclear. Hypothesis/Purpose. We hypothesized that picroside II will have protective effects against pancreatitis-induced intestinal barrier injury by affecting oxidative and inflammatory signaling (Toll-like receptor 4- (TLR4-) dependent phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)). Study Design and Methods. A Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced via the injection of sodium taurocholate (4% wt/vol; 1 mL/kg). All rats were divided into 3 groups: sham (CG), SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury (MG), and picroside II (PG) groups. Intestinal barrier injury was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hematoxylin and eosin staining, and pathological scores. We measured the levels of pancreatitis biomarkers (amylase and lipase), oxidative and inflammatory signaling (TLR4-dependent PI3K/AKT/NF-κB), oxidative stress marker (superoxidase dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and malondialdehyde), and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-6, and IL-10) in serum and/or gut tissues. Gut microbiota composition in feces was measured by using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results. SEM showed that intestinal barrier injury was caused with the loss of intestinal villi and mitochondria destruction, and pathological scores were increased in the MG group. The levels of amylase, lipase, malondialdehyde, TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, TLR4, PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB were increased, and the levels of SOD, GPx, CAT, and IL-10 was reduced in the MG group when compared with CG group (P<0.05). Picroside II treatment inhibited the symptoms in the MG group and showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The serum levels of picroside II had strong correlation with the levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers (P<0.05). Picroside II treatment increased the proportion of Lactobacillus and Prevotella and decreased the proportion of Helicobacter and Escherichia_Shigella in the model. Conclusions. Picroside II improved the SAP-induced intestinal barrier injury in the rat model by inactivating oxidant and inflammatory signaling and improving gut microbiota.

Role of the Phytochemical Compounds like Modulators in Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 2642-2656
Author(s):  
Yordan Martínez ◽  
Dairon Más ◽  
Cesar Betancur ◽  
Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽  
Tolulope Adebowale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Intestinal Membrane ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Background: Currently, daily consumption of green herb functional food or medicinal herbs has increased as adopted by many people worldwide as a way of life or even as an alternative to the use of synthetic medicines. Phytochemicals, which are a series of compounds of relatively complex structures and restricted distribution in plants, usually perform the defensive functions for plants against insects, bacteria, fungi or other pathogenic factors. A series of studies have found their effectiveness in the treatment or prevention of systemic diseases such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, Crohn's disease and so on. Objective: This review systematizes the literature on the mechanisms of the phytochemicals that react against unique free radicals and prevent the oxidative stress and also summarizes their role in gut microbiota inhibiting bacterial translocation and damage to the intestinal barrier and improving the intestinal membrane condition. Conclusion: The gut microbiota modulation and antioxidant activities of the phytochemicals shall be emphasized on the research of the active principles of the phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Dietary protocatechuic acid ameliorates inflammation and up-regulates intestinal tight junction proteins by modulating gut microbiota in LPS-challenged piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Ziyu He ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Jijun Tan ◽  
Hongfu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Junction Proteins

Abstract Background Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal disease in piglets. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is an active plant phenolic acid which exists in Chinese herb, Duzhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), and is also considered as the main bioactive metabolite of polyphenol against oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of PCA on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in a weaned piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods Thirty-six piglets (Pig Improvement Company line 337 × C48, 28 d of age, 8.87 kg ± 0.11 kg BW) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments and fed with a basal diet (CTL), a diet added 50 mg/kg of aureomycin (AUR), or a diet supplemented with 4000 mg/kg of PCA, respectively. The piglets were challenged with LPS (10 μg/kg BW) on d 14 and d 21 by intraperitoneal injection during the 21-d experiment. Animals (n = 6 from each group) were sacrificed after being anesthetized by sodium pentobarbital at 2 h after the last injection of LPS. The serum was collected for antioxidant indices and inflammatory cytokines analysis, the ileum was harvested for detecting mRNA and protein levels of tight junction proteins by PCR and immunohistochemical staining, and the cecum chyme was collected for intestinal flora analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Dietary supplementation of PCA or AUR significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and claudin-1 in intestinal mucosa, and decreased the serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and IL-6, as compared with CTL group. In addition, PCA also decreased the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Analysis of gut microbiota indicated that PCA increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.05). Spearman’s correlation analysis at the genus level revealed that PCA reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella 9, Prevotella 2, Holdemanella, and Ruminococcus torques group (P < 0.05), and increased the relative abundance of Roseburia and Desulfovibrio (P < 0.05), whereas AUR had no significant effect on these bacteria. Conclusions These results demonstrated that both PCA and AUR had protective effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal barrier function in piglets challenged with LPS, and PCA potentially exerted the protective function by modulating intestinal flora in a way different from AUR. Holdemanella

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum P8 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Microbiota in Eimeria-infected Broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiaoguo Lv ◽  
Xuemin Li ◽  
Jinshan Zhao ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the commercial broiler industry. Probiotics can protect poultry against Eimeria infection. However, the mechanisms are not fully known. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was used to investigate its anti-coccidial property and mechanism.Methods: Five hundred broilers were allocated to five treatments: control diet (NC), control diet + Eimeria infection (IC), control diet containing 1 × 107 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8L), control diet containing 1 × 108 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8H), and control diet + Eimeria infection + Diclazuril (DIC). At day 14, all treatments except NC were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Results: Eimeria infection increased the mortality and oocysts shedding, and declined the growth performance as well as the intestinal barrier in Eimeria-treated broilers. On the contrary, dietary supplementation of low level P8, high level P8 and DIC decreased the mortality and oocysts shedding, but improved the growth performance and intestinal barrier. The impaired intestinal morphology in the IC group was also improved by P8H and DIC treatments. Besides, the elevated oxidative stress and pro-inflammation in Eimeria-infected broilers were reduced by P8L, P8H and DIC treatments. Metagenomic analysis indicated P8 altered the structure of the gut microbiota, and the alteration was more obvious at day 21 than day 42. Notably, IC also increased the abundances of Eimeriidae, Eimeria and Eimeria tenella at day 21, while P8L and DIC decreased the abundances. Correlation analysis revealed that bacteria in Eimeria-treated broilers positively correlated with the intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation, while bacteria in broilers receiving P8L and DIC negatively correlated with the aforementioned pathological indices. Functional prediction demonstrated that the metagenomes of Eimeria-infected broilers were involved in several diseases. But the metagenomes of P8L-treated broilers were involved in energy metabolism and replication repair. Conclusions: Dietary P8 supplementation inhibited oocyst shedding and improved the growth performance as well as the intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria, which was closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Moreover, the effects of P8 may be more effective in the early infection of coccidia.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum P8 on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Microbiota in Eimeria-Infected Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiaoguo Lv ◽  
Xuemin Li ◽  
Jinshan Zhao ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
High Level

Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the commercial broiler industry. Probiotics can protect poultry against Eimeria infection. However, the mechanisms are not fully known. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was used to investigate its anti-coccidial property and mechanism. Five hundred broilers were allocated to five treatments: control diet (NC), control diet + Eimeria infection (IC), control diet containing 1 × 107 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8L), control diet containing 1 × 108 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8H), and control diet + Eimeria infection + Diclazuril (DIC). At day 14, all treatments except NC were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Results indicated that Eimeria infection increased the mortality and oocysts shedding, and declined the growth performance as well as the intestinal barrier in Eimeria-treated broilers. On the contrary, dietary supplementation of low level P8, high level P8 and DIC decreased the mortality and oocysts shedding, but improved the growth performance and intestinal barrier. The impaired intestinal morphology in the IC group was also improved by P8H and DIC treatments. Besides, the elevated oxidative stress and pro-inflammation in Eimeria-infected broilers were reduced by P8L, P8H, and DIC treatments. Metagenomic analysis indicated P8 altered the structure of the gut microbiota, and the alteration was more obvious at day 21 than day 42. Notably, IC also increased the abundances of Eimeriidae, Eimeria and Eimeria tenella at day 21, while P8L and DIC decreased the abundances. Correlation analysis revealed that bacteria in Eimeria-treated broilers positively correlated with the intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation, while bacteria in broilers receiving P8L and DIC negatively correlated with the aforementioned pathological indices. Functional prediction demonstrated that the metagenomes of Eimeria-infected broilers were involved in several diseases. But the metagenomes of P8L-treated broilers were involved in energy metabolism and replication repair. In conclusion, dietary P8 supplementation inhibited oocyst shedding and improved the growth performance as well as the intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria, which was closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Moreover, the effects of P8 may be more effective in the early infection of coccidia.

scholarly journals The Combination of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Sophora japonica L. ameliorate Renal Function by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqing Guan ◽  
Kai Chen ◽  
Dongling Quan ◽  
Liangqi Kang ◽  
Danni Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Nephropathy ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a notable health concern globally. The combination of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB) and Sophora japonica L. (SJ) has been demonstrated to have anti-hypertensive effects and improve kidney injury clinically. This study aimed to explore the renal protective effect of the combination of SB and SJ against CKD and clarify the potential mechanisms. Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were used to induce hypertensive nephropathy and were treated with SB or SJ separately or in combination for 15 weeks, and an antibiotic group was used for a rescue experiment. Blood pressure, serum or urine biochemical markers, serum inflammation factors, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and oxidative stress indicators were assessed. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins, including occludin and ZO-1. The mRNA expression of the SCFAs receptors olfactory 78 (Olfr78) and G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Gut microbiota profiles were established via high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. SB and SJ significantly ameliorated the severity of renal injury induced by hypertension. The combination also decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, and reduced that of Clostridiaceae. The intestinal barrier was improved, and the change in dominant bacteria reduced IS accumulation and further inhibited oxidative stress activation in kidneys. SB and SJ increased SCFAs production, inhibited inflammatory factor release, and regulated blood pressure by decreasing the expression of Olfr78 and increasing that of GPR41, then alleviated kidney damage. This research demonstrated the positive effects of SB and SJ in a rat model of hypertensive nephropathy, indicated that the treatment of SB and SJ by improving the intestinal barrier function, increasing SCFAs, reducing inflammation, decreasing IS, and inhibiting oxidative stress reactions.

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