One-pot synthesis of Au-based nanocrystals via a platinum group metal anions controlled growth strategy in citrate medium

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Chong Yin ◽  
Wenjia Han ◽  
Yaohong Ma ◽  
Yanchao Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Controlled Growth ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Structure Phase ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Unique Chemical

The platinum group metals (PGM, Pd, Pt, Ir, etc.) possess unique chemical and physical properties, the properties often vary dramatically with their size, morphology, crystal structure, phase and composition. However,...

Extraterrestrial Resources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Market ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Unique Chemical

Since the early 1990s, in analytical reviews, experts have increasingly been paying attention to the growing scarcity of rare and rare earth metals (REM) necessary for the development of advanced technologies in modern industry. The volume of the world market has increased over the past 50 years from 5,000 to 125,000 tons per year, which is explained by the extensive use of REM in the rapidly developing areas of industry associated with the advancement of high technology. Unique properties of REM are primarily used in the aerospace and other industrial sectors of the economy, and therefore are strategic materials. For example, platinum is an indispensable element that is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. No battery can do without platinum. If all the millions of vehicles traveling along our roads installed hybrid batteries, all platinum reserves on Earth would end in the next 15 years! Consumers are interested in six elements known as the platinum group of metals (PGM): iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), palladium (palladium, Pd), rhodium (rhodium, Rh), ruthenium (ruthenium, Ru), and platinum itself. These elements, rare on the Earth, possess unique chemical and physical properties, which makes them vital industrial materials. To solve this problem, projects were proposed for the utilization of the substance of asteroids approaching the Earth. According to modern estimates, the number of known asteroids approaching the Earth reaches more than 9,000. Despite the difficulties of seizing, transporting, and further developing such an object in space, this way of solving the problem seemed technologically feasible and cost-effectively justified. A 10 m iron-nickel asteroid could contain up to 75 tons of rare metals and REM, primarily PGM, equivalent to a commercial price of about $2.8 billion in 2016 prices. However, the utilization of an asteroid substance entering the lunar surface can be technologically simpler and economically more cost-effective. Until now, it was believed that the lunar impact craters do not contain the rocks of the asteroids that formed them, since at high velocities the impactors evaporate during a collision with the lunar surface. According to the latest research, it turned out that at a fall rate of less than 12 km/s falling body (drummer) can partially survive in a mechanically fractured state. Consequently, the number of possible resources present on the lunar surface can be attributed to nickel, cobalt, platinum, and rare metals of asteroid origin. The calculations show that the total mass, for example, of platinum and platinoids on the lunar surface as a result of the fall of asteroids may amount more than 14 million tons. It should be noted that the world’s known reserves of platinum group metals on the Earth are about 80,000 tons.

Nanocrystals of platinum-group metals as peroxidase mimics for in vitro diagnostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (95) ◽  
pp. 14962-14975
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wei ◽  
Zheng Xi ◽  
Sergey Vlasov ◽  
Jasmin Ayala ◽  
Xiaohu Xia
Keyword(s):  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostics ◽  
Metal Nanocrystals ◽  
Group Metal ◽  
Peroxidase Mimics ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Diagnostic Technologies

The use of carefully engineered platinum-group metal nanocrystals as peroxidase mimics opens a new avenue to development of sensitive in vitro diagnostic technologies.

The chemistry of guanidinate complexes of the platinum group metals

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (25) ◽  
pp. 9021-9036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Francos ◽  
Victorio Cadierno
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Group Metal ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Structural Aspects

In the present Perspective article, synthetic and structural aspects, reactivity studies and applications of platinum group metal complexes containing guanidinate ligands are discussed.

scholarly journals Dithiocarbamate Complexes of Platinum Group Metals: Structural Aspects and Applications

Inorganics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Yee Seng Tan ◽  
Chien Ing Yeo ◽  
Edward R. T. Tiekink ◽  
Peter J. Heard
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Chemistry ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Solution Behavior ◽  
Bioactive Materials ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
Structural Aspects

The incorporation of dithiocarbamate ligands in the preparation of metal complexes is largely prompted by the versatility of this molecule. Fascinating coordination chemistry can be obtained from the study of such metal complexes ranging from their preparation, the solid-state properties, solution behavior as well as their applications as bioactive materials and luminescent compounds, to name a few. In this overview, the dithiocarbamate complexes of platinum-group elements form the focus of the discussion. The structural aspects of these complexes will be discussed based upon the intriguing findings obtained from their solid- (crystallographic) and solution-state (NMR) studies. At the end of this review, the applications of platinum-group metal complexes will be discussed.

Development of Platinum-Group-Metal Superalloys for High-Temperature Use

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cornish ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
R. Völkl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Platinum Group

AbstractSuperalloys based on platinum-group metals are being developed for high-temperature applications. These alloys have two-phase structures comprising either ordered precipitates in a matrix analogous to the nickel-based superalloys or a fine dispersion of oxide particles in a matrix analogous to oxide-dispersion-strengthened nickel-based alloys. Currently, alloys based on iridium, rhodium, and platinum have been obtained. This article reviews the rationale of developments and the progress made in this area. Oxidation and compression tests as well as characterization with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were undertaken. These tests showed encouraging results, and further work is being done on new alloying additions and tensile testing.

Properties and behavior of the platinum group metals in the glass resulting from the vitrification of simulated nuclear fuel reprocessing waste

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 2535-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Krause ◽  
B. Luckscheiter
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
Platinum Group Metal ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Group Metal ◽  
Salt Melts ◽  
Platinum Group ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Fuel Reprocessing

Two types of platinum group metal particles were found in borosilicate nuclear waste glasses: needle-shaped RuO2 particles and spherical PdRhxTey alloys. They form a dense sediment of high electrical conductivity and relatively high viscosity at the bottom of the ceramic melting furnace. The sludge shows a non-Newtonian flow behavior. The viscosity and conductivity of the sludge depend not only on the platinum group metal content but also on the texture and morphology of the RuO2 particles. RuO2 forms long, needle-shaped crystals which are caused by alkalimolybdate salt melts that formed in the calcine layer. The salt melts oxidize the Ru present as small RuO2 particles after calcination to higher oxidation states. Ruthenium (VI) compounds are formed, presumably, which are not stable with respect to RuO2 under the melting conditions. RuO2 precipitates and crystallizes into long, needle-like particles.

IRIDIUM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Transition Elements ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Platinum Group

Abstract IRIDIUM is one of the six platinum group metals which occur together in nature. It is the second member of the series of transition elements in the periodic table and has an atomic number of 77. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance. Filing Code: IR-1. Producer or source: Engelhard Corporation.

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