scholarly journals Effects of granular activated carbon and Fe-modified granular activated carbon on anammox process start-up

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 10625-10634
Author(s):  
Guangsong Lu ◽  
Yunqian Ma ◽  
Lihua Zang ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Fei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Anammox Process

In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) and Fe-modified granular activated carbon (FeGAC) prepared by ultrasonic impregnation method were added into respective up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors to explore their effects on the anammox process start-up.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Proses Anammox Dalam Penyisihan Nitrogen Menggunakan Reaktor Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini ◽  
Reri Afrianita ◽  
Ilham Hagi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anammox Process

ABSTRACTAnammox process is a more practical alternative in biological nitrogen removal compared to conventional nitrification-denitrification processes. This process conducted at the optimum temperature of 370C. Indonesia, as a tropical country, has the potential for the application of anammox processes to remove nitrogen in wastewater. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of nitrogen removal in the anammox process using the Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature with variations in the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 hours and 12 hours, at the laboratory scale. Samples are measured twice a week using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. As a seeding sludge for start-up, the reactor was inoculated with granular anammox bacteria genus Candidatus Brocadia. At the stable operation, the ratio of ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N and ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N approach the stoichiometry of the anammox process were 1.20 and 0.21, respectively. The performance of nitrogen removal with 24-hour HRT obtained a maximum nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.113 kg-N/m3.d with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) 0.14 kg-N/m3.d, and at 12-hour HRT, maximum NRR  of 0.196 kg-N/m3.d with NLR 0,28 kg-N/m3.d. Ammonium Conversion Efficiency (ACE) and Nitrogen Removal Efficiency (NRE) maximum for HRT 24 hours were 82% and 77%, respectively while HRT 12 hours were 72% and 68%, respectively. The anammox process operated stably in the tropical temperature with a temperature range of 23-280C on a laboratory scale using the UASB reactor.Keywords: anammox, nitrogen, temperature, tropical, uasb.ABSTRAKProses anammox menjadi alternatif yang lebih efektif dalam penyisihan nitrogen secara biologi dibandingkan dengan proses konvensional nitrifikasi-denitrifikasi. Proses ini berlangsung optimum pada suhu 370C. Indonesia sebagai negara tropis memiliki potensi untuk aplikasi proses anammox untuk menghilangkan nitrogen pada air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efesiensi penyisihan nitrogen pada proses anammox menggunakan Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reaktor pada suhu ambien dengan variasi Waktu Tinggal Hidrolik (WTH) 24 jam dan 12 jam, pada skala laboratorium. Sampel diukur dua kali setiap minggu menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sebagai seeding sludge (lumpur biakan) untuk start-up (memulai) reaktor digunakan bakteri anammox genus Candidatus Brocadia berbentuk granular. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, didapatkan nilai rasio ΔNO2--N:ΔNH4+-N dan ΔNO3--N:ΔNH4+-N mendekati stoikiometri proses anammox yaitu 1,20 dan 0,21. Kinerja penyisihan nitrogen dengan WTH 24 jam didapatkan nilai tingkat penyisihan nitrogen (TPyN ) maksimum 0,113 kg-N/m3.h pada tingkat pemuatan nitrogen (TPN) 0,14 kg-N/m3.h, dan WTH 12 jam nilai TPyN  maksimum 0,196 kg-N/m3.h pada TPN 0,28 kg-N/m3.h. Nilai efisiensi konversi amonia (EKA) dan efisiensi penyisihan nitrogen (EPN) maksimum pada WTH 24 jam berturut-turut adalah 82% dan 77%, sedangkan pada WTH 12 jam berturut-turut adalah 72% dan 68%. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa proses anammox dapat berlangsung stabil pada daerah tropis dengan suhu terukur 21-290C pada skala laboratorium menggunakan UASB reaktor. Kata kunci: Anammox, nitrogen, temperatur, tropis, uasb.

scholarly journals Biotransformation of congo red in a UASB reactor under salinity conditions using immobilized redox mediator in granular activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Glenda A. Espinoza ◽  
◽  
Verónica Almaguer-Cantú ◽  
Refugio B. García-Reyes ◽  
Edna R. Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Biotransformation Process ◽  
Decolorization Efficiency ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Azo dyes are susceptible to be treated by reductive biotransformation process under anaerobic conditions. The process can be accelerated by the addition of quinones and humic substances acting as redox mediators (RM). In this study, the anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (AQS) was immobilized on granular activated carbon (GAC) to evaluate the reductive biotransformation of congo red (CR) in an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB). The syudy was divided in five stages, where the reactors with immobilized RM and without RM were operated under different salinity levels (1% and 3%) and hydraulic retention times (HRT = 5 and 10 h). The reactor with immobilized RM (GAC-AQS) achieved a decolorization efficiency of 96.1% and substrate consumption of 98.8% with a HRT = 15 h and 1% of salinity. Nonetheless, with a salinity of 3% and the same HRT, the efficiency was similar (95.6%). The reactor provided with unmodified GAC achieved values below those observed in the reactor GAC-AQS, with decolorization efficiencies of 90.8% and 75.8%, and substrate consumption of 97.1% and 88.4%, for the stages IV and V, respectively. The microbial consortium sued was able to promote the biotransformation of azo dye and no inhibitory effects were identified.

The use of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors in the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Del Nery ◽  
M. H.Z. Damianovic ◽  
F. G. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Cod Reduction ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This work studied the performance of the dissolved air flotation (DAF) system and the start-up and the operation of two 450 m3 UASB reactors in a poultry slaughterhouse in Sorocaba, Brazil. The DAF presented reduction efficiency of grease and fats, suspended solids and COD 50% higher. The reactors were seeded with non-adapted sludge. The average COD of the reactor influent was 2,695mg/L; and the initial organic loading rate (OLR) and the initial sludge loading rate at the start-up were 0.51 kg COD/m3.day and 0.04 kg COD/kg VTS.day, respectively. The start-up period was 144 days. During this time the reactor flow rate and OLR were gradually increased. At the reactor start-up, the maximum OLR value was 2.1 kg COD/m3.day, the COD reduction was higher than 80%, and the concentration of volatile fatsty acids (VFA) was below 100mg/L. The COD reductions, considering the reactor effluent raw COD and soluble COD were similar throughout the period studied in both reactors. The reactor effluent raw COD was approximately 10% higher than the soluble COD until the 225th day of operation. From the 225th day of operation this value increased 20%-30% due to the sludge washout. The effluent soluble COD reduction, the effluent VFA concentration and the operational stability attested the good performance of UASB reactors in poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment.

Criteria for the Utilization, Design and Operation of UASB Reactors

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
And Control ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This paper describes and discusses the principal ideas and parameters related to the application, design and operation of wastewater treatment systems using the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB). The differences in the process brought about by the high or low concentration of organic material in the wastewater to be treated are pointed out in each consideration. The purpose of this paper is to make the development of simple, but safe and efficient UASB reactor treatment units, by technicians not necessarily highly specialized in the subject, possible. It also attempts to point out problems which are not yet completely solved in order to help in the preparation of future research and development plans. A number of possible questions that deal with the following subjects are discussed:–types of waste which can be treated by the UASB reactor–concentrated wastes (for example, stillage from sugar-cane) and diluted wastes (for example, domestic sewage)–necessity of pre- and post-treatment–temperature–shape and dimensions of the reactor–criteria and details for design–start-up, operation and control of the unit–forecasts of efficiency, costs, etc.

Effects of Fe2+ on sludge granulation in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Q. Yu ◽  
H. H. P. Fang ◽  
J. H. Tay
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Start Up ◽  
High Level ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Sludge Granulation

Experiments were performed in parallel using six identical UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors to examine the effects of iron (Fe2+) on sludge granulation during start-up. Introduction of Fe2+ at concentrations of 300 and 450 mg/L enhanced the granulation process in UASB reactors, while dosage of Fe2+ (150 mg/L) had little effect on the sludge granulation. The Fe2+concentration in granules was nearly proportional to the influent Fe2+concentration. The specific activity of granules decreased with increasing Fe2+/concentration in the feed. For high Fe2+ dosages, a large amount of minerals was deposited within the granules, and FeS and the compounds formed by iron and exopolysaccharide polymers were the main precipitates. This, along with the significant decrease in the water content in granules and the possible toxicity of high-level Fe2+accumulated inside granules, reduced bacterial specific activity.

scholarly journals Micropollutant removal from black water and grey water sludge in a UASB-GAC reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1137-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Butkovskyi ◽  
L. Sevenou ◽  
R. J. W. Meulepas ◽  
L. Hernandez Leal ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Micropollutant Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Abstract The effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) addition on the removal of diclofenac, ibuprofen, metoprolol, galaxolide and triclosan in a up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was studied. Prior to the reactor studies, batch experiments indicated that addition of activated carbon to UASB sludge can decrease micropollutant concentrations in both liquid phase and sludge. In continuous experiments, two UASB reactors were operated for 260 days at an HRT of 20 days, using a mixture of source separated black water and sludge from aerobic grey water treatment as influent. GAC (5.7 g per liter of reactor volume) was added to one of the reactors on day 138. No significant difference in COD removal and biogas production between reactors with and without GAC addition was observed. In the presence of GAC, fewer micropollutants were washed out with the effluent and a lower accumulation of micropollutants in sludge and particulate organic matter occurred, which is an advantage in micropollutant emission reduction from wastewater. However, the removal of micropollutants by adding GAC to a UASB reactor would require more activated carbon compared to effluent post-treatment. Additional research is needed to estimate the effect of bioregeneration on the lifetime of activated carbon in a UASB-GAC reactor.

The effect of extreme temperatures (70–80°C) on the effluent quality and sludge characteristics of UASB reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghida Lepistö ◽  
Jukka Rintala
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Sludge Characteristics ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulping ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Uasb Reactors

The study focused on the effluent quality and sludge characteristics during the start-up and operation of extreme thermophilic (70 to 80°C) upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors, inoculated with mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludge and fed with acetate, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and thermomechanical pulping (TMP) whitewater. Low effluent quality and long start-up periods were observed during the start-up of the 70 to 76°C, VFA-fed UASB reactors inoculated with mesophilic granulae, while better effluent quality and considerably shorter start-up periods were observed when thermophilic (55/70°C) inocula were used. With VFA feed, a significant amount of acetate was removed at 70°C and even at 80°C, while propionate removal was negligible. With TMP whitewater feed, low VFA effluent concentration was obtained at 70°C. The volatile solids (VS) and the VS/total solids (TS) content of the sludge decreased significantly during the first 2–3 months of operation when mesophilic inocula were used. The initial specific methanogenic activity (ISMA) of the extreme thermophilic sludge decreased with increasing temperature and was slightly higher on glucose than on acetate. At 70 to 80°C, various rod-like bacteria were dispersed through the granulae in either individual or in low density micro colonies surrounded with a varying degree of precipitates.

Improved nitrogen removal in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors by incorporation of Anammox bacteria into the granular sludge

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Schmidt ◽  
D.J. Batstone ◽  
I. Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors may offer a number of advantages over conventional mixed-tank, SBR, and biofilm reactors, including high space-loading, low footprint, and resistance to shocks and toxins. In this study, we assessed the use of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor technology as applied to anaerobic ammonia removal, or Anammox. Four 200 ml UASB reactors were inoculated with 50% (by volume) anaerobic granular sludge and 50% flocular sludge from different sources (all with the potential for containing Anammox organisms). Tools used to assess the reactors included basic analyses, fluorescent in-situ hybridisation, and mathematical modelling, with statistical non-linear parameter estimation. Two of the reactors showed statistically identical Anammox activity (i.e., identical kinetic parameters), with good ammonia and nitrite removal (0.14 kgNHx m-3 reactor day-1, with 99% ammonia removal). The third reactor also demonstrated significant Anammox activity, but with poor identifiability of parameters. The fourth reactor had no statistical Anammox activity. Modelling indicated that poor identifiability and performance in the third and fourth reactors were related to an excess of reduced carbon, probably originating in the inoculum. Accumulation of Anammox organisms was confirmed both by a volume loading much lower than the growth rate, and response to a probe specific for organisms previously reported to mediate Anammox processes. Overall, the UASB reactors were effective as Anammox systems, and identifiability of the systems was good, and repeatable (even compared to a previous study in a rotating biological contactor). This indicates that operation, design, and analysis of Anammox UASB reactors specifically, and Anammox systems in general, are reliable and portable, and that UASB systems are an appropriate technology for this process.

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