scholarly journals Metabolism of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate by a soil pseudomonad. Preliminary evidence for the metabolic pathway

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Gaunt ◽  
W. C. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Tentative Identification

1. A pseudomonad capable of utilizing the herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate as a sole carbon source was isolated from soil and cultured in liquid medium. 2. Analysis of induction patterns of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate-grown cells suggests that 5-chloro-o-cresol and 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol are early intermediates in the oxidation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate. Cells were not adapted to oxidize 4-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-methylphenoxyacetate. 3. In culture, 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate rapidly disappeared and the chlorine in the molecule was quantitatively released as Cl− ion. 4. A lactone (γ-carboxymethylene-α-methyl-Δαβ-butenolide) was isolated from cultures and established as an intermediate. 5. The following metabolic pathway is suggested: 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetate → 5-chloro-o-cresol → 5-chloro-3-methylcatechol → cis–cis-γ-chloro-α-methylmuconate → γ-carboxymethylene-α-methyl-Δαβ-butenolide → γ-hydroxy-α-methylmuconate. 6. The tentative identification of 5-chloro-o-cresol, a γ-chloro-α-methylmuconate and γ-hydroxy-α-methylmuconate in culture extracts supports this scheme. However, the catechol was never observed to accumulate in cultures. 7. The detection of 4-chloro-6-hydroxy-2-methylphenoxyacetate, 2-methyl-phenoxyacetate, a dehalogenated cresol and oxalate in culture extracts is discussed in relation to the proposed metabolic pathway.

scholarly journals Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of sulfamethoxazole by Sphingobacterium mizutaii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Song ◽  
Guijie Hao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Dongxue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Animal Diseases

AbstractSulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most commonly used antibiotic in worldwide for inhibiting aquatic animal diseases. However, the residues of SMX are difficult to eliminate and may enter the food chain, leading to considerable threats on human health. The bacterial strain Sphingobacterium mizutaii LLE5 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain could utilize SMX as its sole carbon source and degrade it efficiently. Under optimal degradation conditions (30.8 °C, pH 7.2, and inoculum amount of 3.5 × 107 cfu/mL), S. mizutaii LLE5 could degrade 93.87% of 50 mg/L SMX within 7 days. Four intermediate products from the degradation of SMX were identified and a possible degradation pathway based on these findings was proposed. Furthermore, S. mizutaii LLE5 could also degrade other sulfonamides. This study is the first report on (1) degradation of SMX and other sulfonamides by S. mizutaii, (2) optimization of biodegradation conditions via response surface methodology, and (3) identification of sulfanilamide, 4-aminothiophenol, 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole, and aniline as metabolites in the degradation pathway of SMX in a microorganism. This strain might be useful for the bioremediation of SMX-contaminated environment.

scholarly journals Biodegradation and Metabolic Pathway of Sulfamethoxazole by Sphingobacterium Mizutaii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Song ◽  
Guijie Hao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Dongxue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Animal Diseases

Abstract Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most commonly used antibiotics in China for inhibiting aquatic animal diseases. However, the residues of SMX are difficult to eliminate and may enter the food chain, leading to considerable threats on human health. The bacterial strain Sphingobacterium mizutaii LLE5 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain could utilize SMX as its sole carbon source and degrade it efficiently. Under optimal degradation conditions (30.8 °C, pH 7.2, and inoculum amount of 3.5 × 107 cfu/mL), S. mizutaii LLE5 could degrade 93.87% of 50 mg/L SMX within 7 days. Four intermediate products from the degradation of SMX were identified: sulfanilamide, 4-aminothiophenol, 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole, and aniline, suggesting a possible degradation pathway based on these findings. This report is the first to confirm that Sphingobacteriumi could degrade SMX. Furthermore, S. mizutaii LLE5 could also degrade other sulfonamides. The degradation efficiencies of strain LLE5 for sulfadiazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamisoxazole, and sulfadimidine were 59.85%, 51.68%, 46.95%, and 37.42%, respectively.

DECOMPOSITION OF 2,2-DICHLOROPROPIONIC ACID BY SOIL BACTERIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyman A. Magee ◽  
Arthur R. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

Eight bacteria capable of decomposing 2,2-dichloropropionate (dalapon) were isolated from soil by means of enrichment techniques and selective media. The decomposition was demonstrated by the clearing of a solid medium containing mineral salts, dalapon, and CaCO3; by a lowering of the pH of a liquid medium containing dalapon as the carbon source; by the increase in chloride ion in the liquid medium; and by the consumption of oxygen by three of the isolates when dalapon was the sole carbon source. Six of these were tentatively classified as Agrobacterium and two were tentatively classified as Pseudomonas, although there was much overlapping of characteristics. These organisms and many unidentified actinomycetes, molds, and bacteria, including a Micrococcus species, overcame the inhibitory effect of dalapon on an agar-decomposing bacterium when grown on the same plate.

scholarly journals Bacterial metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Evans ◽  
B. S. W. Smith ◽  
H. N. Fernley ◽  
J. I. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ring Fission ◽  
Unstable Compound

1. Two Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil metabolized 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) as sole carbon source in mineral salts liquid medium. 2. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate cultures of Pseudomonas I (Smith, 1954) contained 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol and α-chloromuconate, the last as a major metabolite. 3. Dechlorination at the 4(p)-position of the aromatic ring must therefore take place at some stages before ring fission. 4. Pseudomonas N.C.I.B. 9340 (Gaunt, 1962) cultures metabolizing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate contained 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxyphenoxyacetate, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol and an unstable compound, probably αγ-dichloromuconate. 5. Cell-free extracts of the latter organism grown in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate cultures contained an oxygenase that converted 3,5-dichlorocatechol into αγ-dichloromuconate, a chlorolactonase that in the presence of Mn2+ ions converted the dichloromuconate into γ-carboxymethylene-α-chloro-Δαβ-butenolide, and a delactonizing enzyme that gave α-chloromaleylacetate from this lactone. 6. Pathways of metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate are discussed.

scholarly journals Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas sp. expresses New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 and consumes ampicillin as sole carbon source

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Ranjan ◽  
Shriparna Mukherjee ◽  
Subarna Thakur ◽  
Krutika Gupta ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp

scholarly journals Study of a plugging microbial consortium using crude oil as sole carbon source

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Guiwen Yan ◽  
Mingquan An ◽  
Jieli Liu ◽  
Houming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Microbial Consortium

scholarly journals Mutants affecting histidine utilization inAspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meryl Polkinghorne ◽  
M. J. Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sole Nitrogen Source ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Exogenous Substrate ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYWild-type strains ofAspergillus nidulansgrow poorly onL-histidine as a sole nitrogen source. The synthesis of the enzyme histidase (EC. 4.3.1.3) appears to be a limiting factor in the growth of the wild type, as strains carrying the mutantareA102 allele have elevated histidase levels and grow strongly on histidine as a sole nitrogen source.L-Histidine is an extremely weak sole carbon source for all strains.Ammonium repression has an important role in the regulation of histidase synthesis and the relief of ammonium repression is dependent on the availability of a good carbon source. The level of histidase synthesis does not respond to the addition of exogenous substrate.Mutants carrying lesions in thesarA orsarB loci (suppressor ofareA102) have been isolated. The growth properties of these mutants on histidine as a sole nitrogen source correlate with the levels of histidase synthesized. Mutation at thesarA andsarB loci also reduces the utilization of a number of other nitrogen sources. The data suggest that these two genes may code for regulatory products involved in nitrogen catabolism. No histidase structural gene mutants were identified and possible explanations of this are discussed.

Isolation of alcohol oxidase and two other methanol regulatable genes from the yeast Pichia pastoris

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1111-1121
Author(s):  
S B Ellis ◽  
P F Brust ◽  
P J Koutz ◽  
A F Waters ◽  
M M Harpold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Methylotrophic Yeasts ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Oxidation Of Methanol ◽  
Regulated Expression

The oxidation of methanol follows a well-defined pathway and is similar for several methylotrophic yeasts. The use of methanol as the sole carbon source for the growth of Pichia pastoris stimulates the expression of a family of genes. Three methanol-responsive genes have been isolated; cDNA copies have been made from mRNAs of these genes, and the protein products from in vitro translations have been examined. The identification of alcohol oxidase as one of the cloned, methanol-regulated genes has been made by enzymatic, immunological, and sequence analyses. Methanol-regulated expression of each of these three isolated genes can be demonstrated to occur at the level of transcription. Finally, DNA subfragments of two of the methanol-responsive genomic clones from P. pastoris have been isolated and tentatively identified as containing the control regions involved in methanol regulation.

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